| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Berg, Anna-Karin, 1976-
(författare)
-
Enterovirus Infections of β-Cells : A Mechanism of Induction of Type 1 Diabetes?
- 2005
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The process of β-cell destruction that leads to type 1 diabetes (T1D) is incompletely understood and it is believed to be a result of both genetic and environmental factors. Enterovirus (EV) infections of the β-cells have been proposed to be involved, however, the effects of EV infections on human β-cells have been little investigated. This thesis summarises studies of three different Coxsackie B4 virus strains that have previously been shown to infect human islets. The effects of infections with these EV were studied in vitro in human islets and in a rat insulin-producing cell line. In addition, a pilot study was performed on isolated human islets to investigate the ability to treat such infections with an antiviral compound.It was found that one of the virus strains replicated in human β-cells without affecting their main function for at least seven days, which in vivo may increase a virus’s ability to persist in islets.Nitric oxide was induced by synthetic dsRNA, poly(IC), but not by viral dsRNA in rat insulinoma cells in the presence of IFN-γ, suggesting that this mediator is not induced by EV infection in β-cells and that poly(IC) does not mimic an EV infection in this respect.All three virus strains were able to induce production of the T-cell chemoattractant interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) during infection of human islets, suggesting that an EV infection of the islets might trigger insulitis in vivo.Antiviral treatment was feasible in human islets, but one strain was resistant to the antiviral compound used in this study.To conclude, a potential mechanism is suggested for the involvement of EV infections in T1D. If EV infections induce IP-10 production in human islet cells in vivo, they might recruit immune cells to the islets. Together with viral persistence and/or virus-induced β-cell damage, this might trigger further immune-mediated β-cell destruction in vivo.
|
|
| 4. |
- Berg, Jan, et al.
(författare)
-
In-ear vs. loudspeaker monitoring for live Sound and the effect on audio quality attributes and musical performance
- 2017
-
Ingår i: 142nd Audio Engineering Society International Convention 2017, AES 2017.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A successful performance of live music is dependent on how well musicians can hear themselves and the other members of the ensemble. Sound reinforcement systems can offer monitoring either by on-stage loudspeakers or in-ear headphones. These two monitoring conditions were compared to search for perceived auditory differences that affect parts of musical performance. Four jazz/pop/rock bands made live performances where monitor sound was provided to the musicians. Each band repeated their performance, changing from one monitoring condition to the other. After every performance, the musicians responded to questionnaires covering musical performance and audio quality. Experts also assessed recordings of the performances. Results show that perceived differences exist in audio quality and musical performance between loudspeaker monitors and in-ear headphone monitors.
|
|
| 5. |
- Berg, Jan, et al.
(författare)
-
Mixing for in-ear monitors: understanding the work of monitor mixing engineers
- 2022
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The monitor mixing engineer is a key function in a public music performance when in-ear monitoring (IEM) is utilized. This paper aims to expand our knowledge about monitor mixing in general and IEM mixing in particular by investigating monitor mixing engineers’ reasoning, decisions and actions. Four experienced monitor mixing engineers were interviewed on monitor mixing in general, IEM mixing and hearing health. Among the results are found that the engineers seek to create a fruitful working relationship with the performers. The engineers also describe what creates a functional mix and they show a high awareness of their responsibility for the comfort and well-being of the artist, both in a psychological sense as well as in providing sound levels that are not harmful.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Ekeroot, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Criticality of audio stimuli for listening tests : listening durations during a ranking task
- 2014
-
Ingår i: 136th Audio Engineering Society Convention 2014. - Red Hook, NY : Curran Associates, Inc.. - 9781632665065 ; , s. 114-122
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The process of selecting critical audio stimuli for listening tests is known from the literature to be both labor-intensive and time-consuming, and has been described as more of art than science. Explicit accounts of systematic procedures are not the most commonly encountered. In a previous study a ranking-by-elimination method was investigated, resulting in a rank order that could be used as a guide for critical stimuli selection. This paper presents a further exploratory analysis of data on the subjects’ listening durations, both as a function of number of stimuli left on screen and individually per stimulus. A strong negative correlation was found between the rank order of criticality and playing duration.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Ekeroot, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Selection of audio stimuli for listening tests
- 2011
-
Ingår i: 130th Audio Engineering Society convention 2011. - Red Hook, NY : Curran Associates, Inc.. - 9781617829253 ; , s. 1211-1217
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two listening test methods in common use for the subjective assessment of audio quality are the ITU-R recommendations BS.1116-1 for small impairments and BS.1534-1 (MUSHRA) for intermediate quality. They stipulate the usage of only critical audio stimuli (BS.1116-1) to reveal differences among systems under test, or critical audio stimuli which represents typical audio material in a specific application context (MUSHRA). A poor selection of stimuli can cause experimental insensitivity and introduce bias, leading to inconclusive results. At the same time this selection process is time-consuming and labour-intensive, and is difficult to conduct in a systematic way. This paper reviews and discusses the selection of audio stimuli in listening test-related studies.
|
|
| 10. |
- Gregersen, Nils. P., et al.
(författare)
-
Sixteen years age limit for learner drivers in Sweden : an evaluation of safety effects
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - 0001-4575. ; 32:1, s. 25-35
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Through a reform implemented in Sweden, September 1993, the age limit for practising car driving was lowered from 17½ to 16 years while the licensing age remained 18. The purpose of lowering the age limit was to give the learner drivers an opportunity to acquire more experience as drivers before being allowed to drive on their own. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the reform in terms of accident involvement and data were therefore obtained from the national register of police reported accidents. The results show that after the reform there was a general reduction in the accident risk (accidents per 10 million km) of novice drivers with approximately 15%. Additional analyses show that the reduction of accident risk in the group who utilised the new age limit was approximately 40%, whereas those who did not utilise the prolonged training period did not benefit at all. Between 45 and 50% of the age population were found to utilise the reform. The accident reduction does not seem to be just an initial first year effect since the results were similar over 3 years of novice drivers during their first 2 years with a licence. These results suggest that the reform has been beneficial for the safety of novice drivers in Sweden. The results also suggest a potential for additional safety improvements if more young learner drivers can be brought to utilise the low age limit.
|
|
