| 1. |
- Bergblomma, Marcus, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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A wireless low latency control system for harsh environments
- 2012
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Ingår i: IFAC Proceedings Volumes (IFAC-PapersOnline). - 9783902823144 ; , s. 17-22
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of wireless communication technologies in the industry offer severaladvantages. One advantage is the ability to deploy sensors where they previously could noteasily be deployed, for instance on parts that rotate. To use wireless communication in industrialcontrol loops, demands on reliability and latency requirements has to be met. This in anenvironment that may be harsh for radio communication. This work presents a reliable, lowlatency wireless communication system. The system is used in a wireless thyristor control loopin a hydro power plant generator. The wireless communication is based on Bluetooth radiomodules. The work shows a latency analysis together with empirical hardware based latencyand packet error rate measurements. The background noise of a hydro power plant station isalso investigated. The average latency between the Bluetooth modules for the proposed systemis 5.09 ms. The packet error rate is 0.00288 for the wireless low latency control system deployedin a hydro power plant.
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| 2. |
- Ekström, Martin, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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A Bluetooth Radio Energy Consumption Model for Low Duty-Cycle Applications
- 2012
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. - 0018-9456 .- 1557-9662. ; 61:3, s. 609-617
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a realistic model of the radio energy consumption for Bluetooth-equipped sensor nodes used in a low-duty-cycle network. The model is based on empirical energy consumption measurements of Bluetooth modules. This model will give users the possibility to optimize their radio communication with respect to energy consumption while sustaining the data rate. This paper shows that transmission power cannot always be directly related to energy consumption. Measurements indicate that, when the transmission power ranges from $-$5 to $+$10 dBm, the difference in consumed energy can be detected for each transmission peak in the sniff peak. However, the change is negligible for the overall energy consumption. The nonlinear behavior of the idle state for both master and slave when increasing the interval and number of attempts is presented. The energy consumption for a master node is in direct relation to the number of slaves and will increase by approximately 50% of the consumption of one slave per additional slave, regardless of the radio setting.
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| 3. |
- Ekström, Martin, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison study of ZigBee and Bluetooth with regards to power consumption, packet-error-rate and distance
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper present a empirical measurement comparison study of ZigBee and Bluetooth. The parameters investigated are power consumption, packet-error-rate or retransmissions and distance in different environments. This study shows the differences and similarities for the two different short range radio technologies. A measurement set-up and procedure that makes it possible to investigate power consumption of the radio module, retransmissions and packet-error-rate as well as ambient noise is presented. For both the Bluetooth and the ZigBee modules used in this study the distance itself have no influence of the power consumption. However the retransmission rate and packet-error-rate have a large influence on the power consumption. This study have show that the environment has a great impact on the range of the radio modules and the behaviour concerning the retransmission rate and packet-error-rate.
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| 4. |
- Ekström, Martin, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Development of Programmable Micro Power Meter Testbed for Radio Modules
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents the POMPOM testbed for high precision power consumption \textit{in situ} measurements for interchangeable radio modules.The main requirements for the development have been;Interchangeable radio modules to enable the same hardware testbed to be used independently of the radio standard used make comparison studies possible.The testbed should be programmable so that the need for hardware development should be minimized. The testbed must be able to act as a controller for the communication and simultaneously make accurate \textit{in situ} measurements of the energy consumption of the radio.The required sample rate must be at least 50 kSamples per second. The range of the current measurement should cover at least 0.2~$\mu$Ampere to 60~mAmpere with at least 14-bit resolution.Mobility, low cost and small size are vital for the testbed. It must be possible to deploy several measurement testbeds to act as sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network to capture the behavior of the entire network.The results for test measurement setup for POMPOM is presented to illustrate a typical usage of the testbed. The results presented show how the testbed can be used to investigate the correlation between distance, packet-error-rate and current consumption for a Zigbee radio.
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