| 1. |
- Ahlenius, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Exploring Motivational Factors Among High Performing Real Estate Brokers: The Swedish Case
- 2021
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In: Journal of Real Estate Practice and Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1521-4842 .- 1930-8914. ; 23:1, s. 20-37
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this exploratory case study is to analyze the role of relational motivation for high-performing real estate brokers in Sweden. The concept of relational motivation, or relatedness, is explored through both affective and calculative commitment. The data in this study come from in-depth interviews with real estate brokers. The results show that the brokers are committed to their clients, in an affective and a calculative way. All of the participants expressed signs of being emotionally involved in their customer relations, often in terms of genuine interest in, and caring for, their clients. The existence of relatedness toward customers in a brokerage context contributes to the discussion on what motivates high-performing real estate brokers. By viewing relatedness as a trigger to engage in more customer relationships, the intrinsic motivation can be seen as a strong antecedent to individual performance.
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| 2. |
- Ahlenius, Martin, et al.
(author)
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The occupational life cycle of real estate brokers: a cohort study
- 2022
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In: Journal of European Real Estate Research. - : Emerald. - 1753-9269 .- 1753-9277. ; 15:3, s. 351-367
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose The purpose of this article is to describe and analyze the occupational life cycle of Swedish real estate brokers. Design/methodology/approach Voluntary turnover among real estate brokers could lead to occupational turnover and/or employee turnover and has been described as problematic by both practitioners and researchers alike. Most previous studies focusing on this issue have explored connections between real estate brokers' personality, economic and market conditions and turnover. Employee turnover involves shifting jobs within the profession (real estate brokerage), whereas occupational turnover concerns movement to a job not related to the real estate brokerage profession. Both perspectives on turnover are however lacking data about the average time spent as a broker. This study fills this gap by exploring real estate brokers' life cycle through data analysis using a cohort study consisting of a sample of 5,304 real estate brokers registered and/or deregistered over a ten-year period from 2010 to 2019. Findings The analysis show that the decline is almost linear, resulting in 50% of the newly registered real estate brokers remain in the occupation eight years after registration. These findings are not in line with previous assumptions as the real estate brokers' life cycle is substantially longer. The results also reveal that there are differences in life cycles due to gender and year of registration. Originality/value The analysis of longitudinal, aggregated data on the life cycle of real estate brokers is highly relevant as it serves as a point of reference for future longitudinal studies analyzing the motives for leaving the occupation.
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| 3. |
- Engström, Rickard, 1972-
(author)
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Den oberoende mellanmannen : En studie av fastighetsmäklarprofessionen och begreppet ”god fastighetsmäklarsed” i teori och praktik
- 2022
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Den svenska fastighetsmäklaren intar en roll som oberoende mellanman medomsorgsplikt mot både köpare och säljare, vilket skiljer sig från hurfastighetsmäklaryrket är organiserat på de flesta andra håll i världen. Därav är densvenska modellen värd att studera och analysera. I Sverige regleras yrket i lag.Utövarnas regelefterlevnad kontrolleras av Fastighetsmäklarinspektionen (FMI). Ettviktigt begrepp är ”god fastighetsmäklarsed”. Vad som bedöms vara ”godfastighetsmäklarsed” bestäms genom praxis från FMI och förvaltningsdomstolarna.En disciplinpåföljd från FMI kan bestå av erinran, varning eller återkallelse avregistrering, vilket medför ett yrkesförbud. En disciplinpåföljd kan överklagas tillförvaltningsdomstolarna.Denna avhandling består av en sammanhållande kappa och fyra artiklar sombeskriver fyra olika studier som gjorts för att bättre förstå förutsättningarna för deindivider som verkar som fastighetsmäklare på den svenska bostadsmarknaden. Detövergripande syftet är att beskriva och analysera fastighetsmäklares yrkesroll i ensvensk kontext och speciellt deras roll som oberoende mellanman. Med utgångspunkti tre forskningsfrågor används både kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder för att samlain och analysera primära och sekundära data. Resultaten visar att verksamma svenskafastighetsmäklare balanserar de utmaningar som kan rymmas inom rollen somoberoende mellanman, men det finns också vissa gränsdragningsproblem avseende”god fastighetsmäklarsed”.FMI utdelar disciplinpåföljder till fastighetsmäklare vid regelöverträdelser. Att ivardagen förhålla sig till regelverk och praxis är svårare för vissa kategorierfastighetsmäklare: yngre fastighetsmäklare får oftare än äldre påföljden erinran, äldrefår oftare än yngre påföljden varning, och fastighetsmäklare verksamma i storstad fåroftare påföljden varning jämfört med fastighetsmäklare på landsbygden.Fastighetsmäklaryrket och professionsutvecklingen studeras i en jämförande studiemellan Australien (Victoria) och Sverige. De svenska branschorganisationerna –Mäklarsamfundet och Fastighetsmäklarförbundet (FMF) – är delaktiga i professionsutvecklingen,bland annat som huvudmän för Fastighetsmarknadens Reklamationsnämnd(FRN) som agerar enligt lagen (2015:671) om alternativ tvistlösning ikonsumentförhållanden. Avhandlingen ger vidare förslag till utveckling av såvälytterligare forskning som av praktiken.
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| 4. |
- Engström, Rickard, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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Professionalization of the real estate agent occupation : A comparative study of Australia and Sweden
- 2023
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In: Property Management. - : Emerald. - 0263-7472 .- 1758-731X. ; 41:1, s. 60-83
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the level of professionalization of the real estate broker's occupation in Victoria, Australia, and Sweden. As previous studies have indicated that the real estate agent occupation in both regions is experiencing low levels of trust, an analysis of the level of professionalization is warranted. Design/methodology/approach: The data used in the analysis in this paper have been gathered from a number of different high-quality sources. In Sweden, information has been obtained from the Swedish Real Estate Agents Inspectorate, the Association of Swedish Real Estate Agents and the Swedish Real Estate Agents Association, and Real Estate Statistics. For the Victorian case, information has been obtained from the Real Estate Institute of Victoria, which is the leading professional body in organizing real estate agents. Furthermore, information has also been sourced from the Business Licensing Authority as well as Consumer Affairs Victoria. The focus of the analysis has been on the institutional changes of the real estate profession, including the education required to become an agent, the legislation and supervision of real estate agents and the role of the professional bodies that organize the real estate agents. 10; Findings: The analysis shows that both the real estate brokerage market in Victoria and Sweden could be characterized as mature. Using the definition of a profession from Millerson (1964), the authors conclude that the brokerage industry has a number of the characteristics of a profession such as a long albeit interdisciplinary education, strong professional bodies, code of conduct and some level of self-regulation. Research limitations/implications: This research examines two countries, both considered mature in their house market process. Findings may be very different if the research methodology was applied to house markets that do not exhibit the same level of regulatory control. Practical implications: Even though the real estate occupation can be considered as a semi-profession, there is still room for improvement when it comes to how consumers perceive the trustworthiness of real estate agents. Therefore, the professional bodies ought to strive to find ways on increasing the status and trustworthiness of the profession. These could include increasing the transparency as well as continuing education for its members. Social implications: Users of real estate services need to have confidence in the skills and expertise of real estate agents they engage. The magnitude of the monies associated with real estate transactions should cause users to seek out agents who are proficient in what they do, and to this end, the professionalism of agents is critical to the provision of accurate and informative information to guide users toward positive and beneficial outcomes. Originality/value: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that analyzes and compares the development of the real estate profession in Victoria and Sweden, using theories from the study of professions.
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| 5. |
- Ahlenius, Martin
(author)
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The impact of motivation and person-job fit on employee turnover among Swedish real estate brokers: A mixed method approach
- 2022
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Residential real estate is a vital part of the economy, and homes are important for individuals for both financial and emotional reasons. Residential homes change owners for numerous reasons, and there is a need for these transactions to be secure and efficient from both the economic and individual perspective. The general idea of residential real estate brokerage is to facilitate these transactions securely and efficiently. Real estate brokerage has therefore captured both media as well as scholarly interest. Some scholars even argue that brokerage is a relevant research and literature field of its own. Like other occupations within sales, the brokerage industry suffers from problems connected to recruiting and retaining employees, as put forth by several spokespersons within the industry and scholars alike. Prior studies argue that there is a need for further studies that describe the occupational life cycle of brokers and employee turnover antecedents, such as intrinsic motivation. Hence, the overarching purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyze occupational turnover and its antecedents among Swedish real estate brokers. This thesis sprung out of a firsthand occupational experience of Swedish brokerage, curiosity, and an abductive stance toward knowledge creation. It is primarily explorative, and the embedded articles consist of different types of methodologic approaches and therefore also different ways of gathering data such as interviews, surveys, and registered data. All data solely involves Swedish real estate brokers. Results of the four articles show that the occupational life cycle of brokers is significantly longer than expected and that Swedish brokers display high levels of work-related intrinsic motivation, occasionally rooted in affective commitment towards customers and gained trust from sellers. Furthermore, being driven by gained trust and customer relations has a positive effect on person-job fit which in turn reduces turnover intentions. A majority of the results within the four articles are not in line with prior studies, which is interesting and prompts speculation. The service landscape of brokerage, and particularly Swedish brokerage due to the broker’s intermediary role and personal responsibility for the entire transaction, arguably drives intrinsic motivation and reduces turnover. This is enhanced by the high educational threshold for becoming a broker in Sweden. This thesis contributes to the literature field of brokerage by providing insights about what motivates brokers and the theoretical field of person-job fit by suggesting ways of improving the operationalization and the validity of person-job fit.
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| 6. |
- Ahmadi, Zahra, 1966-
(author)
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The role of market orientation in public housing companies: : A study of MO’s effect on construction strategies
- 2018
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The development of public housing companies in Sweden is strongly influenced by legal, economic, and demographic changes. The companies long tradition of taking responsibility for customer welfare in living have recently been criticized for excessive dominance over price setting, which is claimed to give them competitive advantages in the housing market. New legislation in 2011 requires financial return on investment, implying increased competition with radical changes for the companies. Because of the law, they find themselves transitioning from the role of being responsible for living conditions in Sweden to having to work in a businesslike manner with increased competition.The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze how the public housing companies’ deal with market orientation constructs and what their impact is on construction strategy choices. Theoretically, the market orientation concept is seen as a tool for companies to create superior value for the customers and influence strategic performance, which is a relationship tested and analyzed in this dissertation.The research was conducted through data collection stages using qualitative and quantitative methods. In the first stage, a qualitative pilot study was conducted with interviews of 15 managers in 11 public housing companies in central Sweden. In the second stage, two quantitative comparative studies of public and private housing companies in declining markets in central Sweden were conducted, collecting data from 23 (22 survey respondents) public and 37 private housing companies (16 respondents). In the third and final stage, two quantitative studies were conducted, collecting data from all 289 public housing companies (165 respondents) in Sweden.Results of the five studies show, firstly, that economic condition in the municipality have a major impact on the housing companies’ construction strategies, causing them to act innovatively in order to create superior customer value. Secondly, market orientation efforts contribute to competitive advantages in growing markets, while weak economic conditions limit the companies’ construction strategy choices in declining markets. After analyzing the link between market orientation constructs and construction strategy in declining markets, results showed that the public housing companies demonstrate higher responsiveness to customer demands compared to the private sector, but these have no effects on construction strategy. Thirdly, the analysis of moderating (external) and mediating (corporate social responsibility) effects on the market orientation and construction strategy relationship confirms that economic conditions in society influence construction strategy planning and decisions. The results of the mediating effects of CSR indicate that environmental and social issues have a positive influence on the market orientation and construction strategy relationship.
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| 7. |
- Azasu, Samuel, et al.
(author)
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Integrating research into teaching using constructive alignment
- 2011
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The purpose of the paper is to review and evaluate efforts to integrate research into teaching in a postgraduate degree program in real estate management at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden. The majority of the students in the program come from European countries, but a significant minority is from Asia. The long term goals of the changes were to increase graduation rates as well as the quality of dissertations. In order to validate our findings, the data for this paper emanate from a number of different sources, such as students’ course evaluations, students’ grades as well as interviews with students. The results show that the first cohort of students found it stressful when individual research writing was introduced towards the end of their studies, since they had very little practice and experience in research writing. With a more gradual and earlier introduction in teams, coupled with changes in assessment tasks, the second cohort found individual research writing less stressful and more beneficial. Performance in the second cohort has improved significantly. By creating a more aligned course design, students have spent more time on task, which is the most significant factor in creating a better learning environment.
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| 8. |
- Azasu, S., et al.
(author)
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Using constructive alignment to improve student research and writing skills : A case study of a master's program in real estate management
- 2015
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In: International Journal of Learning and Change. - 1740-2875 .- 1740-2883. ; 8:1, s. 83-100
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of the paper is to describe and analyse efforts to integrate research into teaching in a postgraduate degree program in real estate management. The long term goals of the changes were to increase graduation rates as well as the quality of dissertations. In order to validate our findings, the data for this paper emanate from a three main sources, namely; students' course evaluations, students' grades and a qualitative assessment of the students' thesis proposals made by senior lecturers. The results show that the first cohort of students found it stressful when individual research writing was introduced towards the end of their studies. With a more gradual and earlier introduction of writing in a series of courses in the program, coupled with changes in assessment tasks, the second cohort found individual research writing less stressful and more beneficial. Performance in the second cohort improved in appreciable ways.
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