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- Bengtsson, Stefan, 1961, et al.
(author)
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Integration of silicon and diamond, aluminum nitride or aluminum oxide for electronic materials
- 1999
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In: conference proceedings:III-V and IV-IV Materials and Processing Challenges for Highly Integrated Microelectronics and Optoelectronics. Symposium.. ; , s. 133-
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Material integration for the formation of advanced silicon-on-insulator materials by wafer bonding and etch-back is discussed. Wafer bonding allows the combining of materials that it is not possible to grow on top of each other by any other technique. In our experiments, polycrystalline diamond, aluminum nitride or aluminum oxide films with thickness of 0.1-5 μm were deposited on silicon wafers. Bonding experiments were made with these films to bare silicon wafers with the goal of forming silicon-on-insulator structures with buried films of polycrystalline diamond, aluminum nitride or aluminum oxide. These silicon-on-insulator structures are intended to address self-heating effects in conventional silicon-on-insulator materials with buried layers of silicon dioxide. The surfaces of the deposited diamond films were, by order of magnitude, too rough to allow direct bonding to a silicon wafer. In contrast the deposited aluminum nitride and aluminum oxide films did allow direct bonding to silicon. Bonding of the diamond surface to silicon was instead made through a deposited and polished layer of polycrystalline silicon on top of the diamond. In the case of the aluminum nitride electrostatic bonding was also demonstrated. Further, the compatibility of these insulators to silicon process technology was investigated
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- Chapman, Henry N., et al.
(author)
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Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-X-ray free-electron laser
- 2006
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In: Nature Physics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-2473 .- 1745-2481. ; 2:12, s. 839-843
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Theory predicts(1-4) that, with an ultrashort and extremely bright coherent X-ray pulse, a single diffraction pattern may be recorded from a large macromolecule, a virus or a cell before the sample explodes and turns into a plasma. Here we report the first experimental demonstration of this principle using the FLASH soft-X-ray free-electron laser. An intense 25 fs, 4 x 10(13) W cm(-2) pulse, containing 10(12) photons at 32 nm wavelength, produced a coherent diffraction pattern from a nanostructured non-periodic object, before destroying it at 60,000 K. A novel X-ray camera assured single-photon detection sensitivity by filtering out parasitic scattering and plasma radiation. The reconstructed image, obtained directly from the coherent pattern by phase retrieval through oversampling(5-9), shows no measurable damage, and is reconstructed at the diffraction-limited resolution. A three-dimensional data set may be assembled from such images when copies of a reproducible sample are exposed to the beam one by one(10).
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- Andersson, Helen, 1968, et al.
(author)
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Individuals' Experiences of Being Screened for Hypertension in Dental Health Care – “No Big Deal”
- 2022
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In: Patient Preference and Adherence. - 1177-889X. ; 16, s. 1449-1456
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Hypertension is a common disease globally that accounts for the highest number of lost healthy life years and strongly associated with sequelae such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Early detection of individuals with high blood pressure can be ensured by screening also those who consider themselves “healthy”. Screening has both positive and negative effects where a diagnosis of hypertension can lead to worry about the future. These effects need to be elucidated in order to balance between benefit and harm before screening is introduced. The aim of the study was to describe individuals’ experiences of being screened for hypertension in dental health care. Methods: Data from individual semi-structured interviews, with twenty participants screened for cardiovascular risk factors in connection with dental examination and aged 55–80 years, were analysed by means of qualitative content analysis. Results: The results describe individuals’ experiences of blood pressure screening in dental health care by means of the following theme: “No big deal” based on two categories: “Convenient way of measuring blood pressure” and “Increased awareness of health”. Conclusion: The overall message from the interviews was that having one’s blood pressure measured when visiting the dentist was convenient, easy and “No big deal”. Blood pressure screening did not create any major concerns and contributed to an increased awareness of health.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Helen, et al.
(author)
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The outcome of two-step blood pressure screening in dental healthcare
- 2018
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 46:6, s. 623-629
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a two-step screening method for hypertension in dentistry regarding the number needed to screen (NNS) and positive predictive value (PPV) and to risk-classify those with newly diagnosed hypertension. Methods: In connection with their regular dental care check-up, 2025 subjects aged 40-75 years were screened for high blood pressure. Via a health questionnaire, data were collected concerning risk factors. Blood pressure was screened comprehensively in two steps, which included screening in a dental clinic and home measurements for one week. Recently discovered hypertensive participants were assessed for 10-year risk of cardiovascular mortality according to the guidelines of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Results: A total of 170 new hypertensive participants were found (NNS = 12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 11-13). The method yielded a PPV of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.68-0.78) and eliminated 84.8% of the false-positive participants. The results also showed that based on ESH/ESC risk estimation, 76.5% of those newly diagnosed hypertensive participants had a moderate or high risk of cardiovascular mortality within 10 years. Conclusions: The study shows that a two-step method for blood pressure screening in a dental setting including home measurement resulted in a high PPV and eliminated most of those with a false high blood pressure reading. The findings also show that two-step screening for hypertension is feasible in a larger population with more screening providers involved.
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| 10. |
- Bengtsson, Stefan, 1961, et al.
(author)
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Silicon on aluminum nitride structures formed by wafer bonding
- 1994
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In: 1994 IEEE International SOI Conference Proceedings. ; , s. 35-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper deals with the use of reactively sputtered aluminum nitride (AlN) films as insulators for Bond and Etch-back Silicon-On-Insulator (BESOI) materials. In SOI-applications where high power is dissipated in the silicon SOI-film the low thermal conductivity of the buried silicon dioxide layer may cause a temperature rise in the silicon film detrimentally affecting the device performance. An attractive alternative would be to replace the silicon dioxide of the SOI structure with another material, like diamond, silicon carbide or aluminum nitride. The thermal conductivity of AlN is considerably larger than that of Si02. This paper presents results on how sputter deposition of AlN may be combined with wafer bonding for the creation of highly thermally conductive SOI structures
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