| 1. |
- Lazarus, Jeffrey V., et al.
(författare)
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A multinational Delphi consensus to end the COVID-19 public health threat
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite notable scientific and medical advances, broader political, socioeconomic and behavioural factors continue to undercut the response to the COVID-19 pandemic1,2. Here we convened, as part of this Delphi study, a diverse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 academic, health, non-governmental organization, government and other experts in COVID-19 response from 112 countries and territories to recommend specific actions to end this persistent global threat to public health. The panel developed a set of 41 consensus statements and 57 recommendations to governments, health systems, industry and other key stakeholders across six domains: communication; health systems; vaccination; prevention; treatment and care; and inequities. In the wake of nearly three years of fragmented global and national responses, it is instructive to note that three of the highest-ranked recommendations call for the adoption of whole-of-society and whole-of-government approaches1, while maintaining proven prevention measures using a vaccines-plus approach2 that employs a range of public health and financial support measures to complement vaccination. Other recommendations with at least 99% combined agreement advise governments and other stakeholders to improve communication, rebuild public trust and engage communities3 in the management of pandemic responses. The findings of the study, which have been further endorsed by 184 organizations globally, include points of unanimous agreement, as well as six recommendations with >5% disagreement, that provide health and social policy actions to address inadequacies in the pandemic response and help to bring this public health threat to an end.
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| 2. |
- König, J. Lukas K.
(författare)
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Non-Hermitian Symmetric Nodal Phases
- 2024
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I den här avhandlingen introducerar vi ämnen som är centrala för de bifogade artiklarna [Art. I, Art. II, Art. III]. Alla tre handlar om degenererade faser i icke-hermitska system. I kapitel 1 inleder vi med att introducera experimentella plattformar för icke-hermitska system, och skillnaderna i deras matematiska hantering gentemot hermitska system. I [Art. I] undersökte vi tvådimensionella icke-hermitska system under periodiska randvillkor, och fann att nielsen-ninomiyas teorem inte kan tillämpas trivialt i detta fall. Vi visar hur detta teorem fungerar för hermitska system i kapitel 2, och förklarar varför det misslyckas för icke-hermitska system. I detta kapitel förklaras även den allmänna metoden för homotopiklassificering utifrån begreppet degenererad hamiltonian. Slutligen diskuterar vi diskreta symmetrier i kapitel 3, med utgångspunkt i kristallina symmetrier. Dessa är centrala för [Art. II], där vi visade att en hamiltonian som beskriver kristaller med specifika symmetri-grupper måste ha degenererade punkter. Fortsättningsvis diskuterar vi anti-unitära och partikel-hål-symmetrier, vilket leder till den tiofaldiga klassificeringen av symmetrier. Vi betonar betydelsen av tidsomvändningssymmetri och PT-symmetri, en kombination av tidsomvändning och rumslig inversion. Denna symmetri förstärker ytterligare den degenererade struktur som vi fann i [Art. II], vilket leder till exceptionella linjer, ett fenomen som är omöjligt i hermitska system. PT-symmetrin är också central för [Art. III], där vi klassificerade homotopistrukturen för PT-symmetriska system i allmänhet och fann ett antal intressanta topologiska invarianter.
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| 3. |
- Yang, Kang, et al.
(författare)
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Homotopy, Symmetry, and Non-Hermitian Band Topology
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Non-Hermitian matrices are ubiquitous in the description of nature ranging from classical dissipative systems, including optical, electrical, and mechanical metamaterials, to scattering of waves and open quantum many-body systems. Seminal K-theory classifications of non-Hermitian systems based on line and point gaps have deepened the understanding of many physical phenomena. However, ample systems remain beyond this description; reference points and lines are in general unable to distinguish whether multiple non-Hermitian bands exhibit band crossings and braids. To remedy this we consider the complementary notions of non-Hermitian band gaps and separation gaps that crucially include a broad class of multi-band scenarios, enabling the description of generic band structures with symmetries. With these concepts, we provide a unified and systematic classification of both gapped and nodal systems in the presence of physically relevant parity-time (PT) and pseudo-Hermitian symmetries using homotopy theory. This uncovers new fragile phases and, remarkably, also implies new stable phenomena stemming from the topology of both eigenvalues and eigenvectors. In particular, we reveal different Abelian and non-Abelian phases in PT-symmetric systems, described by frame and braid topology. The corresponding invariants are robust to symmetry-preserving perturbations that do not close band gaps, and they also predict the deformation rules of nodal phases. We further demonstrate that spontaneous PT symmetry breaking is captured by a Chern-Euler description, a fingerprint of unprecedented non-Hermitian topology. These results open the door for theoretical and experimental exploration of a rich variety of novel topological phenomena in a wide range of physical platforms.
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| 4. |
- Yang, Kang, et al.
(författare)
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Homotopy, symmetry, and non-Hermitian band topology
- 2024
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Ingår i: Reports on progress in physics (Print). - : IOP Publishing. - 0034-4885 .- 1361-6633. ; 87:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-Hermitian matrices are ubiquitous in the description of nature ranging from classical dissipative systems, including optical, electrical, and mechanical metamaterials, to scattering of waves and open quantum many-body systems. Seminal line-gap and point-gap classifications of non-Hermitian systems using K-theory have deepened the understanding of many physical phenomena. However, ample systems remain beyond this description; reference points and lines do not in general distinguish whether multiple non-Hermitian bands exhibit intriguing exceptional points, spectral braids and crossings. To address this we consider two different notions: non-Hermitian band gaps and separation gaps that crucially encompass a broad class of multi-band scenarios, enabling the description of generic band structures with symmetries. With these concepts, we provide a unified and comprehensive classification of both gapped and nodal systems in the presence of physically relevant parity-time ( PT ) and pseudo-Hermitian symmetries using homotopy theory. This uncovers new stable topology stemming from both eigenvalues and wave functions, and remarkably also implies distinct fragile topological phases. In particular, we reveal different Abelian and non-Abelian phases in PT -symmetric systems, described by frame and braid topology. The corresponding invariants are robust to symmetry-preserving perturbations that do not induce (exceptional) degeneracy, and they also predict the deformation rules of nodal phases. We further demonstrate that spontaneous PT symmetry breaking is captured by Chern-Euler and Chern-Stiefel-Whitney descriptions, a fingerprint of unprecedented non-Hermitian topology previously overlooked. These results open the door for theoretical and experimental exploration of a rich variety of novel topological phenomena in a wide range of physical platforms.
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| 5. |
- A. Madsen, Kevin, et al.
(författare)
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Josephson effect in a Weyl SNS junction
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 95:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We calculate the Josephson current density j (phi) for a Weyl superconductor-normal-metal-superconductor junction for which the outer terminals are superconducting Weylmetals and the normal layer is a Weyl (semi) metal. We describe the Weyl (semi) metal using a simple model with two Weyl points. The model has broken time-reversal symmetry, but inversion symmetry is present. We calculate the Josephson current for both zero and finite temperature for the two pairing mechanisms inside the superconductors that have been proposed in the literature, zero-momentum BCS-like pairing and finite-momentum FFLO-like pairing, and assuming the short-junction limit. For both pairing types we find that the current is proportional to the normal-state junction conductivity, with a proportionality coefficient that shows quantitative differences between the two pairing mechanisms. The current for the BCS-like pairing is found to be independent of the chemical potential, whereas the current for the FFLO-like pairing is not.
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| 6. |
- Abouelkomsan, Ahmed, et al.
(författare)
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Particle-Hole Duality, Emergent Fermi Liquids, and Fractional Chern Insulators in Moire Flatbands
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 124:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Moire flatbands, occurring, e.g., in twisted bilayer graphene at magic angles, have attracted ample interest due to their high degree of experimental tunability and the intriguing possibility of generating novel strongly interacting phases. Here we consider the core problem of Coulomb interactions within fractionally filled spin and valley polarized Moire flatbands and demonstrate that the dual description in terms of holes, which acquire a nontrivial hole dispersion, provides key physical intuition and enables the use of standard perturbative techniques for this strongly correlated problem. In experimentally relevant examples such as ABC stacked trilayer and twisted bilayer graphene aligned with boron nitride, it leads to emergent interaction-driven Fermi liquid states at electronic filling fractions down to around 1/3 and 2/3, respectively. At even lower filling fractions, the electron density still faithfully tracks the single-hole dispersion while exhibiting distinct non-Fermi liquid behavior. Most saliently, we provide microscopic evidence that high temperature fractional Chern insulators can form in twisted bilayer graphene aligned with hexagonal boron nitride.
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| 7. |
- Ardonne, Eddy, et al.
(författare)
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Degeneracy of non-Abelian quantum Hall states on the torus : domain walls and conformal field theory
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Statistical Mechanics. - 1742-5468. ; , s. P04016-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyze the non-Abelian Read–Rezayi quantum Hall states on the torus, where it is natural to employ a mapping of the many-body problem onto a one-dimensional lattice model. On the thin torus—the Tao–Thouless (TT) limit—the interacting many-body problem is exactly solvable. The Read–Rezayi states at filling ν = k/(kM+2) are known to be exact ground states of a local repulsive k+1-body interaction, and in the TT limit this is manifested in that all states in the ground state manifold have exactly k particles on any kM+2 consecutive sites. For M \neq 0 the two-body correlations of these states also imply that there is no more than one particle on M adjacent sites. The fractionally charged quasiparticles and quasiholes appear as domain walls between the ground states, and we show that the number of distinct domain wall patterns gives rise to the nontrivial degeneracies, required by the non-Abelian statistics of these states. In the second part of the paper we consider the quasihole degeneracies from a conformal field theory (CFT) perspective, and show that the counting of the domain wall patterns maps one to one on the CFT counting via the fusion rules. Moreover we extend the CFT analysis to topologies of higher genus
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| 8. |
- Bergholtz, Emil J, et al.
(författare)
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Half-filled lowest Landau level on a thin torus.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Phys Rev Lett. - 0031-9007. ; 94:2, s. 026802-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We solve a model that describes an interacting electron gas in the half-filled lowest Landau level on a thin torus, with radius of the order of the magnetic length. The low-energy sector consists of noninteracting, one-dimensional, neutral fermions. The ground state, which is homogeneous, is the Fermi sea obtained by filling the negative energy states, and the excited states are gapless neutral excitations out of this one-dimensional sea. Although the limit considered is extreme, the solution has a striking resemblance to the composite fermion description of the bulk \nu = 1/2 state—the ground state is homogeneous and the excitations are neutral and gapless. This suggests a one-dimensional Luttinger liquid description, with possible observable effects in transport experiments, of the bulk state where it develops continuously from the state on a thin torus as the radius increases.
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| 9. |
- Bergholtz, Emil J, et al.
(författare)
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'One-dimensional' theory of the quantum Hall system
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment. ; :L04001
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider the lowest Landau level on a torus as a function of its circumference L_1. When L_1 → 0, the ground state at general rational filling fraction is a crystal with a gap—a Tao–Thouless state. For filling fractions ν = p/(2pm + 1), these states are the limits of Laughlin's or Jain's wavefunctions describing the gapped quantum Hall states when L_1 → ∞. For the half-filled Landau level, there is a transition to a Fermi sea of non-interacting neutral fermions (dipoles), or rather to a Luttinger liquid modification thereof, at L_1 ~ 5 magnetic lengths. Using exact diagonalization we identify this state as a version of the Rezayi–Read state, and find that it develops continuously into the state that is believed to describe the observed metallic phase as L_1 → ∞. Furthermore, the effective Landau level structure that emerges within the lowest Landau level is found to be a consequence of the magnetic symmetries.
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| 10. |
- Budich, Jan Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Non-Hermitian Topological Sensors
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 125:18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce and study a novel class of sensors whose sensitivity grows exponentially with the size of the device. Remarkably, this drastic enhancement does not rely on any fine-tuning, but is found to be a stable phenomenon immune to local perturbations. Specifically, the physical mechanism behind this striking phenomenon is intimately connected to the anomalous sensitivity to boundary conditions observed in non-Hermitian topological systems. We outline concrete platforms for the practical implementation of these non-Hermitian topological sensors ranging from classical metamaterials to synthetic quantum materials.
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