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- Ahlman, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Culling reasons in organic and conventional dairy herds and genotype by environment interaction for longevity
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 0022-0302 .- 1525-3198. ; 94, s. 1568-1575
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dairy cow longevity combines all functional traits and is thought to be especially important in organic production, which is an established, increasing part of Swedish dairy production, representing approximately 6% of the market. The aim of this study was to compare dynamics in culling reasons between organic and conventional production and to analyze genotype by environment interactions for longevity. The data contained information from all organic herds with information available from official recording (n = 402) and from approximately half of the conventional herds (n = 5,335). Records from Swedish Holsteins (n = 155,379) and Swedish Red cows (n = 160,794) that had their first calf between January 1998 and September 2003 were included. The opportunity period for longevity was at least 6 yr. Six longevity traits were defined: length of productive life; survival through first, second, and third lactations; fertility-determined survival; and udder health-determined survival. Twenty codes were used to describe the cause of culling, and these were divided into 8 groups: udder health, low fertility, low production, leg problems, metabolic diseases, other diseases, other specified causes, and unspecified cause. The main reason for culling cows in organic herds was poor udder health, whereas for cows in conventional herds it was low fertility. Furthermore, the shift in main culling reason from fertility, which was most common in first lactation regardless of production system, to udder health occurred at a lower age in organic production. Heritabilities and genetic correlations for the longevity traits expressed in organic and conventional herds were estimated from a bivariate animal model. The genetic correlations were close to unity (>0.88), except for fertility-determined survival in the Swedish Red breed (0.80). Heritabilities were low to moderate, and no clear pattern was identified for production system or breed. In general, the results indicate that farmers' culling criteria differ between organic and conventional production. Different preferences may influence the need for alternative selection indexes for organic production, with different weightings of traits, or a separate breeding program. However, no genotype by environment interaction of importance was found between the production systems.
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| 2. |
- Ahlman, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Fertility, somatic cell count and milk production in Swedish organic and conventional dairy herds
- 2009
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Ingår i: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413 .- 1878-0490. ; 126, s. 176-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The share of organic dairy production in EU is increasing and this study describes the herd structure and cow performance in organic and conventional dairy production systems in Sweden. The data included records from 2902718 lactations, collected in organic (n=471) and conventional (n = 13976) herds between 1998 and 2005. Compared with conventional herds, the organic herds were larger and increased more rapidly in size. The replacement rate was slightly lower in organic herds and fewer Swedish Holsteins were used. The statistical analysis of cow performance in the first three lactations showed lower milk, fat and protein production in organic herds, but the increase in production from first to second lactation was larger when expressed in kg milk. Fertility was better for organically managed cows compared to conventionally managed cows, but the somatic cell count (SCC) was higher. However. at a given production level the fertility was slightly worse in organic herds while there was no difference in SCC. No interactions of importance were found between production system and breed for any trait.The results showed that organic and conventional dairy production differed regarding herd structure and cow performance. However, the differences in fertility and SCC found were to a high extent explained by the lower milk yield in organic production and no breed was found to perform better in either system. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Berglund, Carl Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Trygghet i storstädernas transportsystem : möjligheter att identifiera kostnadseffektiva åtgärder
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Otrygghet i trafiksystemet kan påverka människors vanor och medföra att man inte rör sig i offentliga miljöer eller använder allmänna kommunikationsmedel. Det kan leda till att man avstår eller att man genomför resor på annat sätt än det som är resenärers förstahandsval. Denna rapport innehåller en analys av trygghetsproblemets omfattning och sammanhang utifrån tidigare genomförda studier av trygghet/otrygghet i trafikmiljön. Arbetet omfattar en översiktlig inventering och sammanställning av kunskapsläget avseende upplevelser av otrygghet i trafikmiljön, en översikt och analys av tänkbara orsaker till otrygghet i olika trafikmiljöer och situationer samt en översikt över olika trygghetshöjande åtgärder. Möjligheterna att förbättra underlaget för planering och utveckling av trafikmiljön och därmed möjligheterna att åstadkomma tryggare trafik- och reseförhållanden diskuteras. En ansats till strukturering av stads- och trafikmiljön görs i rapporten. Syftet med denna är att underlätta analysen av orsaker till upplevelser av otrygghet i resmiljö, möjligheterna att identifiera åtgärder i stadens resmiljö samt att identifiera ansvariga aktörer inom olika områden. De nivåer som föreslås är: • stadsmiljön • trafikmiljön • fordon/transportslag • andra människor. Utvecklingsbehov har identifierats avseende tillämpningen av olika kostnadseffektanalysmetoder och värderingsansatser samt avseende synergieffekter och konflikter mellan olika mål och trafikantgrupper.
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| 8. |
- Berglund, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Health on thin ice : methods of giving voice to Swedish citizens in urban planning and design to promote health in a cold climate
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the northern, sub-arctic, regions of the world the climate is cold a substantial part of the year which affecting people's health as low temperatures and darkness stress the body. At the same time the cold climate offers opportunities that can be utilized in an innovative manner, both technically and aesthetically, to develop the winter environment to be attractive and health promoting in outdoor activities.The aim of the study was to develop a methodology for giving voice to citizens to be used in the process of urban planning and design for good health in a cold climate. The qualitative investigations of citizen’s experiences of health promoting aspects included two workshops focused on the following questions; What are your experiences of health and well-being in a cold climate? How can this city be planned to promote health during the winter season? The 53 participants came from two cities in the northern part of Sweden. At Workshop 1 small groups of citizens (5-8) were asked to make a collective collage cutting and pasting images from magazines without talking to each other while soft music was playing in the background.When finished the silence was broken and the participants presented their contributions. At Workshop 2 small groups of citizens (5-8) were given maps of the city with different paths for walking tours aimed to pinpoint areas for improvement. After the walk the group presented their ideas for each other and a number of innovative ideas surfaced.Including citizens in the process of urban planning is not only a good source of ideas and information useful in the planning process but may be an opportunity to strengthen health literacy and healthy behavior. This study may serve as an example of an empowerment - based method including citizens in the process of urban planning and design.
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