| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Bergman, Hanna
(författare)
-
Intraocular and intracranial transplantation of neural tissue : Studies on hypothalamic and hippocampal neuros
- 1995
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Previous studies has demonstrated the possibility to transplant monoaminergic neurons intracranially and to the anterior chamber of the eye, where these neurons continue to develop into functional, transmitter expressing cells. In the present study, investigations were undertaken to examine the development of transplanted hypothalamic and hippocampal neurons in the rat. The intention was to examine synaptic maturation in the isolated brain tissue and the possibility of histaminergic neurons to survive transplantation intraocularly and intracranially into the denervated hippocampus. Properties such as fiber ingrowth into eo-transplanted tissue, electrophysiological activity and histaminergic H3-receptor response, and influence of hypothalamic tissue on eo-transplanted tissues were evaluated. Synaptic maturation was studied using an immunoblot assay of the synapsin I and II proteins and synapsin immunohistochemistry. The hypothalamic grafts were examined with immunohistochemistry and histamine assay of the levels of histamine in the transplants. Electrophysiological recordings of single cell activity was used to study the effect of H3-receptor agonist and antagonist. The isolated intra ocular transplants of hippocampal tissue developed significant amounts of synapsin proteins with an overall distribution pattern as in the hippocampus in situ. Histaminergic neurons in the hypothalamic transplants survived transplantation both intraocularly and intracranially. The neurons were found to send neurites into the host iris and into eo-grafted CNS tissue. The hypothalamic transplants were also found to have a stimulatory effect on the growth of eo-grafted hippocampal tissue and on pyramidal cell differentiation. Neurons within the hypothalamic transplants exhibited spontaneous activity that was suppressed upon agonist stimulation of H3-receptors. These findings demonstrate that histaminergic neurons grow and develop in transplanted hypothalamic tissue and that neurons in these transplants expressed histamine and functional H3-receptors.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bergman, Torbjörn, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
-
Appendix : On definition and measurement
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Coalition governance in Western Europe. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780198868484 ; , s. 727-748
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The appendix introduces our empirical study of the coalition life cycle. The structure of each country chapter is based on six core tables, each one capturing a major stage in the coalition life cycle. In the book chapters, the tables help structure the analysis and provide wealth of information and details of the coalition cycle. Nevertheless, the book chapters and this appendix only present a sample of the data and information that we have collected for this research project. For reasons of space, we have had to limit the presentation in the book chapters in terms of time-periods and variables. This appendix presents many more details that are important for readers who are not familiar with the definitions used in coalition research or interested in how particular variables where measured. In addition to the definitions and measurements presented in this appendix, all the data and all the variables are presented in an on-line data appendix at www.erdda.org.
|
|
| 5. |
- Bergman, Torbjörn, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
-
Coalition governance in Western Europe
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Coalition governance in Western Europe. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780198868484 ; , s. 1-14
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter describes the ambitions with the volume. First, we build on the lessons from earlier studies of governments in Western and Central Eastern Europe to deepen our understanding of the coalition life cycle, covering the three stages of a government's "life", beginning with the formation process, then turning to the governance stage, and lastly turning to the final phase when governments eventually terminate. Second, we seek to capture how recent changes in the Western European party systems, which are also described here, influence the various stages of the coalition life cycle. Third, we are in particular interested in how coalition partners cooperate and make policy once a government has formed, aiming to contribute to the growing literature on the topic of coalition governance. The chapter ends with a description of the content of the volume.
|
|
| 6. |
- Bergman, Torbjörn, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
-
Coalition governance patterns across Western Europe
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Coalition governance in Western Europe. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780198868484 ; , s. 680-726
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We here summarize and compares the empirical results found by our country authors, focusing on the coalition life cycle in 17 countries. The chapter starts with a description of the changes that have occurred during the past decades in the party systems of Western Europe, and some institutional rules surrounding government formation and duration. We then turn to the comparing patterns of government formation across countries, showing that coalitions constitute almost 70 percent of the cabinets in Western Europe, and that the Scandinavian countries have been dominated by minority cabinets. Focusing on the coalition governance stage, we analyse the variation in the use of various control mechanisms across countries, for example showing that many coalition governments draft extensive contracts to control their partners in cabinet. The comparative data we present also shows that such agreements have become longer over time. Focusing on the last stage of the life cycle, we show that in a majority of countries, it is more common that a cabinet terminates early than serves the full term. There has also been a clear trend towards more government instability, even though the variation in cabinet duration across countries is large. We conclude this chapter by returning to the three coalition governance models described earlier in this volume, classifying the countries as being closer to one of the three models, based on a number of indicators and the information provided by our country experts.
|
|
| 7. |
- Bergman, Torbjörn, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
-
The three stages of the coalition life cycle
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Coalition governance in Western Europe. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780198868484 ; , s. 15-40
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter focuses on presenting the main research questions and answers provided in the literature on the different stages of the coalition life cycle. For example, focusing on the first stage, the formation stage, several researchers have tried to explain why specific types of governments form. Other scholars have asked why it take longer to form governments in some contexts. Other scholars have tried to explain how parties distribute ministerial and policy payoffs when forming a cabinet. Focusing on the second stage of the coalition life cycle, we review the growing literature on coalition governance, concentrating on three coalition governance models; the ministerial autonomy model, the coalition compromise model, and the PM dominated model – three models which make different assumptions about the actors that dominate the governance process in coalition governments. Focusing on the last phase of the coalition life cycle, the termination of governments, scholars have long aimed to explain the duration of cabinets, asking why some cabinets last longer than others. At the end of this chapter, we present some expectations about changes to the coalition life cycle which we are likely to observe considering the party system change we have seen in many Western European countries.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Bäck, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Coalition bargaining time and governments’ policy-making productivity
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Political Research. - 0304-4130.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What is the purpose of lengthy negotiations when a coalition government forms? Do they make a difference in coalition policy-making? Negotiations that produce policy agreements between coalition partners have been suggested to strengthen the capacity of coalition governments to make policy reforms. We argue that bargaining time, regardless if it results in a written policy agreement or not, is an investment in future government reform productivity. Longer negotiation periods indicate that the bargaining parties have negotiated deals over conflicting policy issues and have allowed parties to build trust between them and gain support for future policies within the party organization, promoting reform productivity. Further, we expect that longer negotiation periods can mitigate problems of policy conflict within cabinets, thereby resulting in higher reform productivity. We evaluate our theoretical expectations using a data set on economic reform measures introduced in 10 Western European countries (1978–2017), based on a coding of more than 1000 periodical country reports issued by the Economist Intelligence Unit and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The results show support for our expectations, demonstrating that economic reform productivity is higher in coalition governments that have bargained for a longer time when forming. We also find support for the claim that bargaining time mitigates the negative effect of intra-cabinet ideological conflict on reform productivity.
|
|
| 10. |
- Bäck, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
The parties in government formation
- 2016. - 1
-
Ingår i: The Oxford handbook of Swedish politics. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780199665679 ; , s. 206-223
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
|
|
