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- Bergman, Helena, 1970-
(författare)
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Att fostra till föräldraskap : barnavårdsmän, genuspolitik och välfärdsstat 1900-1950
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The dissertation explores the Swedish child welfare officer system (barnavårdsmannainstitutionen) using gender as an analytical tool. The child welfare officer system was a public program designed to support single mothers and monitor the welfare of children born out of wedlock. The study concentrates on the first half of the 20th century, and particularly covers the introduction of this system in 1917/18 and the changes it underwent in 1938, after an income maintenance law (bidragsförskott) for children of unwed mothers was introduced. In 1917, Sweden was one of the first countries in Europe to introduce legislation that formalized men’s obligations towards children born out of wedlock. Consequently, state officials, called child welfare officers, were required to perform mandatory investigations of paternity. Their task was also to make sure that fathers provided economic support and mothers carried out sufficient care. The 1938 income maintenance law was one of the social policy initiatives of the 1930s. Single mothers were assured payment from the state for child support and the child welfare officers then sought to reclaim the money from the absent father.The history of the child welfare officer system is used as a case to investigate the power dynamics of gender and class, and the relationship between the state, the social work professionals and the individual citizen, concurrent with the birth of the Swedish welfare state. The political debates, the institutional arrangements and the practices connected to this policy area have been analyzed. Thus, politicians, social workers and unwed mothers and fathers are all brought into focus.An analytical point of departure is that the welfare state ”does gender”, i.e. that the welfare state regulates and directs the relation between men and women. However, the state is also treated as a complex and changeable entity, where state and welfare policy also functions as a means to change gender relations. Thus, the study argues that the introduction of the child welfare officer system opened up a new public arena for women – as politicians, social workers and as mothers – in which they were able to renegotiate the meaning of gender and their relation to the state. Prevalent ideas of gender were questioned and challenged in the public sphere of politics and labor as well as in the private sphere of the family.The study consists of a number of empirical chapters in which this social bureaucracy is scrutinized from various perspectives. The child welfare officer system is analyzed both on a national and local level. The latter is done through a case study of the local work in Stockholm. Gender was a vital component to all these levels.
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- Bergman, Helena, 1970-
(författare)
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Att skriva en skilsmässa : Kvinnors jagberättelser om känslor, privatliv och uppbrott
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Papret behandlar kvinnors jagberättelser om känslor, familjeuppbrott och skilsmässa, mot en fond av Sverige i förändring. Med utgångspunkt i ett urval av kvinnliga självbiografier publicerade under 1900-talets mitt utforskas hur olika kvinnliga berättarjag förhåller privata livsbeslut till två tidslager, både den tid som format dessa kvinnor som unga och den pågående skrivande samtiden. Läsningen av materialet är inspirerad av forskning som ser jagberättelser i relation till samtida samhällsberättelser. Under kvinnornas levnad hade samhälleliga normer kring kön, intimitet, känsloliv och privatliv kommit att genomgå förskjutningar, något som de aktivt förhöll sig till i sina självbiografiska skildringar av skilsmässor och uppbrott. Papret undersöker därmed hur kvinnor byggde upp sina livsberättelser i dialog med samtidens förändrade berättelser och i relation till det maktutrymme som stod dem till buds.
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- Bergman, Helena, 1970-
(författare)
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Divorce in the century of the child : Post-divorce parenthood in Sweden during the 20th century
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- With a long historical lens, the paper addresses questions of change and continuity within Swedish political and professional discourses on divorce and post-divorce parenthood during the 20th century, the century proclaimed as “the century of the child” by the Swedish reformer Ellen Key. As divorce became a legally viable option early in the century, also for families with minor children, the question of what constituted proper post-divorce parenthood and family life became a matter of social work expertise. With regards to divorce, new interpretations of concepts such as “the child’s best interest” and “family stability” begun to circulate among social workers and family counselors. The paper discusses these transformations, where earlier efforts to foster family stability and shared responsibility for children within a marriage, were substitutes with techniques of regulating family life and parenthood also after divorce and separation.
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