| 1. |
- Hjern, Anders, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Child behaviour is a main concern for parents of 3-year-olds
- 2024
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim of this study was to describe parental concerns about child health and behaviour and their sociodemographic predictors in 3-year-olds, in relation to the national guidelines of well-baby clinics.Methods: The study included parents of 33 526 children in Stockholm who had completed a questionnaire prior to a routine visit to a well-baby clinic at age 3 years. Multivariate regression was used to analyse predictors for concerns.Results: Child behaviour problems, defined as defiance and problem with adherence to daily routines, were the most common parental concerns (36.4%), with poor social skills and relations being second (21.8%). Regarding development, 9.6% had concerns about speech and 4.7% about motor development. Screen use (9.5%) and being underweight (6.3%) were other common parental concerns, while lifestyle concerns regarding physical activity and overweight were rare. Parents raised about twice as many concerns for first-born children compared with younger siblings. Child behaviour and developmental concerns were more frequent in families where the mother had primary education only and attended a well-baby clinic with a high Care Need Index.Conclusion: Parents' concerns reflected the national guidelines about child development and behaviour, but not its emphasis on a healthy lifestyle.
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| 2. |
- Lindblom, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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Lifestyle counseling in patients with hypertension in primary health care and its association with antihypertensive pharmacotherapy
- 2024
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Ingår i: The Journal of Clinical Hypertension. - 1524-6175 .- 1751-7176.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study aimed to investigate differences in hypertensive- and cardio-preventive pharmacotherapy depending on if patients with hypertension received lifestyle counseling or not, including the difference between men and women. Data from the Region Stockholm VAL database was used to identify all patients with a hypertension diagnosis and had visited a primary health care center within the past five years. Data included registered diagnoses, pharmacotherapy, and codes for lifestyle counseling. Logistic regression adjusted for age and comorbidity (diabetes, stroke, coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, gout, obesity, heart failure) was used, presenting results as odds ratios (OR) with 99% confidence interval (CI). The study included 130,030 patients with hypertension; 63,402 men and 66,628 women. Patients receiving recommended lifestyle counseling were more frequently treated with three or more hypertensive drugs: women OR 1.38 (1.31, 1.45) and men = 1.36 (1.30, 1.43); certain drug classes: calcium antagonists: women 1.09 (1.04, 1.14) and men 1.11 (1.06, 1.16); thiazide diuretics: women 1.26 (1.20, 1.34) and men 1.25 (1.19, 1.32); and aldosterone antagonists: women 1.25 (1.12, 1.41) and men 1.49 (1.34, 1.65). Patients receiving recommended level of lifestyle counseling with concomitant coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, or stroke were more frequently treated with statins than those who did not. Further, recommended lifestyle counseling was significantly associated with anticoagulant treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation. Lifestyle counseling according to recommendations in national guidelines was significantly associated with a more thorough pharmacological treatment of hypertension, statins, and antithrombotic drugs as well as anticoagulants, in both men and women.
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| 3. |
- Lorant, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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The risk factors associated with post-transplantation BKPyV nephropathy and BKPyV DNAemia : a prospective study in kidney transplant recipients
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2334. ; 24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) infection after kidney transplantation can lead to serious complications such as BKPyV-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) and graft loss. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of BKPyVAN after implementing a BKPyV screening program, to map the distribution of BKPyV genotypes and subtypes in the Uppsala-orebro region and to identify host and viral risk factors for clinically significant events.Methods This single-center prospective cohort study included kidney transplant patients aged >= 18 years at the Uppsala University Hospital in Sweden between 2016 and 2018. BKPyV DNA was analyzed in plasma and urine every 3 months until 18 months after transplantation. Also genotype and subtype were determined. A logistic regression model was used to analyze selected risk factors including recipient sex and age, AB0 incompatibility and rejection treatment prior to BKPyVAN or high-level BKPyV DNAemia.Results: In total, 205 patients were included. Of these, 151 (73.7%) followed the screening protocol with 6 plasma samples, while184 (89.8%) were sampled at least 5 times. Ten (4.9%) patients developed biopsy confirmed BKPyVAN and 33 (16.1%) patients met criteria for high-level BKPyV DNAemia. Male sex (OR 2.85, p = 0.025) and age (OR 1.03 per year, p = 0.020) were identified as significant risk factors for developing BKPyVAN or high-level BKPyV DNAemia. BKPyVAN was associated with increased viral load at 3 months post transplantation (82,000 vs. < 400 copies/mL; p = 0.0029) and with transient, high-level DNAemia (n = 7 (27%); p < 0.0001). The most common genotypes were subtype Ib2 (n = 50 (65.8%)) and IVc2 (n = 20 (26.3%)).Conclusions: Male sex and increasing age are related to an increased risk of BKPyVAN or high-level BKPyV DNAemia. BKPyVAN is associated with transient, high-level DNAemia but no differences related to viral genotype were detected.
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| 4. |
- Bergqvist, Joel, et al.
(författare)
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Dose-dependent relationship between nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux and chronic rhinosinusitis in a middle-aged population: results from the SCAPIS pilot
- 2023
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Ingår i: Rhinology. - 0300-0729. ; 61:2, s. 118-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) has been associated with several upper- and lower-airway diseases. It would be plausible if nightly occurring reflux via laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) might affect the upper airways. Still, the role of nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux (nGER) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is not fully established. The aim of this population-based study was to investigate the association between nGER and CRS. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional population-based study comprises 1,111 randomly selected subjects from Gothenburg, Sweden, aged 50-64 years. The study is based on self-reported validated questionnaires. CRS was defined according to EPOS criteria. nGER was reported in relation to frequency. RESULTS: CRS was more common among subjects with nGER than in those without (13 vs. 4.8%). There was a dose-response association between the frequency of nGER episodes and the risk of having CRS. In the logistic regression adjusted for (age, sex, BMI, educational level, smoking, and asthma). CRS was associated with nGER, OR 1.43 and the odds ratio increased if episodes were reported 'almost every night' OR 4.6. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows an association between nocturnal GER and CRS in a middle-aged population. The revealed dose dependency supports, though does not prove causality.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Haller, Henrik, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Phytoremediation of Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Soils : Capacity of Amaranth Plants to Extract Cadmium from Nutrient-Poor, Acidic Substrates
- 2023
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Ingår i: Challenges. - : MDPI. ; 14:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil pollution is a threat to food security and ecological and human health. Cd is one of the most common pollutants in agricultural soil and, due its human toxicity, one of the most hazardous. Amaranth is a documented hyperaccumulator of Cd and other pollutants, and it is commonly grown in Asia and South America. A considerable amount of amaranth is grown in suboptimal conditions, including nutrient-poor acidic soils. The objective of this experimental study was to examine the capacity of Amaranthus hypochondriacus to extract Cd from a nutrient-poor, acidic substrate that was spiked with different concentrations of Cd (2 and 20 mg kg−1 dw) during a period of 180 days. The plants grown in the substrate that was spiked with 20 mg Cd kg−1 dw did not develop into mature plants, but the plants grown in substrate that was spiked with 2 mg Cd kg−1 dw extracted a significant amount of Cd from the substrate by accumulating it into the above-ground biomass. The Cd levels varied from 113 to 176 mg kg−1 in the stems at the four measuring points, and from 64 to 94 mg kg−1 in the leaves. The concentrations in the plants increased with time and reached a maximal concentration of 176 ± 45 mg kg−1 dw for stems and 94 ± 41 mg kg−1 dw for leaves after 180 days. The mean bioaccumulation factor in the plants was 86 ± 15 after 90 days, 72 ± 12 after 120 days, 105 ± 37 after 150 days, and 99 ± 31 after 180 days, which confirms the previously reported capacity of Amaranthus hypochondriacus to hyperaccumulate Cd. Amaranthus hypochondriacus may, thus, be used to improve ecological and human health by remediating moderately Cd-polluted soils, even in nutrient-poor acidic soils.
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| 7. |
- Orbay, Raik, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Interference from Unshielded HV Harnesses with Realistic Groundplane Models
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 2023 13th International Conference on Power, Energy and Electrical Engineering (CPEEE 2023). - 9781665490139 ; , s. 1-7
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a vehicle, unintended electromagnetic coupling among sensitive components such as antennas etc. needs to be suppressed to prevent the interference to cables. The cables for power and signal transmission are, therefore, only allowed to be packed in each other’s vicinity after proper shielding. As the shielding decreases the payload for a given vehicle design and increases its cost, it is very relevant to shed light on alternative packaging omitting shielding completely. Accordingly in this report, computations based on 3-dimensional transmission line matrix method will be launched to execute parameter sweeps comprising intercable distance, cable distance to groundplane, cable length, and signal cable termination impedance. A Vector Network Analyzer based experimental study to verify the computational approach is presented. Subsequently, crosstalk effect of realistic groundplane from a vehicle concept is also compared to a simple planar groundplane using 3D Transmission Line Matrix approach. It will be shown that the crosstalk will be kept below the limits as specified by the standards and internal OEM requirements with minimal intercable spacing, eliminating the cable shielding while reducing the environmental footprint.
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| 8. |
- Sah, Vasu R., et al.
(författare)
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Chemokine Analysis in Patients with Metastatic Uveal Melanoma Suggests a Role for CCL21 Signaling in Combined Epigenetic Therapy and Checkpoint Immunotherapy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cancer Research Communications. ; 3:5, s. 884-895
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Patients with metastatic uveal melanoma have limited therapeutic options and high mortality rate so new treatment options are needed.Patients and Methods: We previously reported that patients treated with the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab and the histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat in the PEMDAC trial, experienced clinical benefits if their tu-mor originated from iris or was wildtype for BAP1 tumor suppressor gene. Here we present the 2-year follow-up of the patients in the PEMDAC trial and identify additional factors that correlate with response or survival.Results: Durable responses were observed in 4 patients, with additional 8 patients exhibiting a stable disease. The median overall survival was 13.7 months. Grade 3 adverse events were reported in 62% of the patients, but they were all manageable. No fatal toxicity was observed. Activity of thymidine kinase 1 in plasma was higher in patients with stable disease or who progressed on treatment, compared with those with partial response. Chemokines and cytokines were analyzed in plasma. Three chemokines were significantly different when comparing patients with and without response. One of the factors, CCL21, was higher in the plasma of respond-ing patients before treatment initiation but decreased in the same patients upon treatment. In tumors, CCL21 was expressed in areas resembling ter -tiar y lymphoid structures (TLS). High plasma levels of CCL21 and presence of TLS-like regions in the tumor correlated with longer survival.Conclusions: This study provides insight into durable responses in the PEMDAC trial, and describes dynamic changes of chemokines and cytokines in the blood of these patients.Significance: The most significant finding from the 2-year follow-up study of the PEMDAC trial was that high CCL21 levels in blood was associated with response and survival. CCL21 was also expressed in TLS-like regions and presence of these regions was associated with longer survival. These analyses of soluble and tumor markers can inform on predictive biomark-ers needing validation and become hypothesis generating for experimental research.
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| 9. |
- Sah, Vasu R., et al.
(författare)
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Chemokine Analysis in Patients with Metastatic Uveal Melanoma Suggests a Role for CCL21 Signaling in Combined Epigenetic Therapy and Checkpoint Immunotherapy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cancer Research Communications. - : American Association For Cancer Research (AACR). - 2767-9764. ; 3:5, s. 884-895
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Patients with metastatic uveal melanoma have limited therapeutic options and high mortality rate so new treatment options are needed.Patients and Methods: We previously reported that patients treated with the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab and the histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat in the PEMDAC trial, experienced clinical benefits if their tu-mor originated from iris or was wildtype for BAP1 tumor suppressor gene. Here we present the 2-year follow-up of the patients in the PEMDAC trial and identify additional factors that correlate with response or survival.Results: Durable responses were observed in 4 patients, with additional 8 patients exhibiting a stable disease. The median overall survival was 13.7 months. Grade 3 adverse events were reported in 62% of the patients, but they were all manageable. No fatal toxicity was observed. Activity of thymidine kinase 1 in plasma was higher in patients with stable disease or who progressed on treatment, compared with those with partial response. Chemokines and cytokines were analyzed in plasma. Three chemokines were significantly different when comparing patients with and without response. One of the factors, CCL21, was higher in the plasma of respond-ing patients before treatment initiation but decreased in the same patients upon treatment. In tumors, CCL21 was expressed in areas resembling ter -tiar y lymphoid structures (TLS). High plasma levels of CCL21 and presence of TLS-like regions in the tumor correlated with longer survival.Conclusions: This study provides insight into durable responses in the PEMDAC trial, and describes dynamic changes of chemokines and cytokines in the blood of these patients.Significance: The most significant finding from the 2-year follow-up study of the PEMDAC trial was that high CCL21 levels in blood was associated with response and survival. CCL21 was also expressed in TLS-like regions and presence of these regions was associated with longer survival. These analyses of soluble and tumor markers can inform on predictive biomark-ers needing validation and become hypothesis generating for experimental research.
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| 10. |
- Bergqvist, Joel, et al.
(författare)
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Chronic rhinosinusitis associated with chronic bronchitis in a five-year follow-up: the Telemark study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bmc Pulmonary Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2466. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is associated with generalised airway inflammation. Few studies have addressed the relationship between CRS and chronic bronchitis (CB). Methods This prospective study over a five-year period aims to investigate the risk of developing CB in subjects reporting CRS at the beginning of the study. A random sample of 7393 adult subjects from Telemark County, Norway, answered a comprehensive respiratory questionnaire in 2013 and then 5 years later in 2018. Subjects reporting CB in 2013 were excluded from the analyses. New cases of CB in 2018 were analysed in relation to having CRS in 2013 or not. Results The prevalence of new-onset CB in 2018 in the group that reported CRS in 2013 was 11.8%. There was a significant increase in the odds of having CB in 2018 in subjects who reported CRS in 2013 (OR 3.8, 95% CI 2.65-5.40), adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking and asthma. Conclusion In this large population sample, CRS was associated with increased odds of developing CB during a five-year follow-up. Physicians should be aware of chronic bronchitis in patients with CRS.
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