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- Bergqvist-Norén, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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Patterns and correlates of objectively measured physical activity in 3-year-old children
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: To increase the knowledge about physical activity (PA) patterns and correlates among children under the age of 4, there is a need for study's using objective measurements. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate if objectively measured PA among 3-year-old children differed between day of week and time of day and whether it correlated to child weight status and sex as well as parental weight status and education.METHODS: Totally 61 children (51% girls) aged 3, participating in Early Stockholm Obesity Prevention Project were included. PA was measured with a tri-axial accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+) worn on the non-dominant wrist for one week. The main outcome was average PA expressed as counts per minute from the vector magnitude. PA and demographics/family-related factors were collected at baseline and at age 3. To analyze the results simple linear regression, ANOVA and paired t-tests were performed.RESULTS: The mean number of valid days was 6.7 per child. The children were more active on weekdays than weekends (p < 0.01) and the hourly pattern differed over the day with children being most active midmorning and midafternoon (p = 0.0001). Children to parents with low education were more active (p = 0.01) than those with highly educated parents. No differences in PA by child weight status, sex nor parental weight status were found.CONCLUSIONS: PA in 3-year-old children was lower during weekends than weekdays and varied over the day. Boys and girls had similar PA patterns, these patterns were independent of child or parental weight status. Children to parents with low education were more active than their counterparts. The fact that PA differed between weekdays and weekends indicates that PA might be affectable in 3-year-old children.
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| 2. |
- Bergqvist-Norén, Linnea
(författare)
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Physical activity and obesity prevention in early childhood
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Obesity is a worldwide epidemic with adverse health outcomes and finding effective interventions to prevent this disease is crucial. Physical activity (PA) has beneficial health effects and is often included in obesity prevention strategies. However, it has not been established whether it is possible to influence PA during early childhood or if PA is correlated to weight status. Knowledge on patterns and correlates to PA during early childhood is still scarce, especially using longitudinal data. Aim: The aim of this thesis was to investigate patterns and correlates to child accelerometer measured PA during early childhood including child sex, weight status, motor skill, obesity risk, SES, and parental accelerometer-measured PA. Furthere, the aim was to investigate if a long-term, multicomponent obesity prevention project could affect child weight status and child PA. Material and Method: This thesis consists of three studies, all sub-studies of the Early Stockholm Obesity Prevention Project (Early STOPP). Early STOPP was a clustered randomized control obesity prevention trial with a long-term, low-intense, family-based design. The intervention targeted children at high risk of obesity based on parental BMI and in total, 238 children were recruited. Of these, 181 had high obesity risk and were randomized to intervention (n=66) and control (n=115) in addition 57 children with low obesity risk were recruited as a reference group. Data on child and parental accelerometer measured PA was collected yearly from age 2-6 years using an Actigraph GT3X. Weight status and other potential correlates were collected simultaneously and at baseline (age 1). Study I was a cross-sectional study investigating patterns and correlates to child PA at three years of age (n=57). Study II had a prospective design studying patterns of PA over time as well as investigating potential correlates to child PA during early childhood. Study III was a clustered randomized control trial evaluating the effects of a long-term obesity prevention intervention on the main outcome weight status as well as secondary behavior outcome, including PA. Results: Children were from three-years of age more physically active during weekdays than weekend days and the level of PA varied across the day (Study I and II). On average, child PA increased with 11% per year from age 2 to age 6. No significant differences in PA patterns between boys and girls nor high and low obesity risk were found. The least active children (based on tertiles) did not have higher levels of PA during weekdays than weekend days, which was observed in the middle and mostly active children. (Study I and II) Over time, maternal PA, was correlated to child PA as was time in preschool and season of year. Child sex, weight status, motor skill, obesity risk, SES, and paternal PA was not correlated to PA cross-sectionally nor over time. (Study I and II) Children in the intervention group gained less weight per year compared to children in the control-group but none of the other measured outcomes for weight status differed significantly. There were no differences between groups in total PA nor in weekday PA or weekend PA. (study III) Conclusion: Based on results on longitudinal patterns and correlates to child PA, the least active children could benefit from targeted PA interventions in the preschool setting. Also, maternal PA seem to be of importance for child PA and might possibly be of interest for future research. Early STOPP, a long term, low-intensive, family-based, multicomponent obesity prevention intervention, was not successful in its goal to reduce the development of obesity during early childhood. Nor was it able to affect the secondary outcome, PA. Results from this thesis indicates that obesity during early childhood is not affected by PA.
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| 3. |
- Xiu, Lijuan, et al.
(författare)
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Development of sleep patterns in children with obese and normal-weight parents
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1034-4810 .- 1440-1754. ; 55:7, s. 809-818
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimTo study the sleep development and sleep characteristics in children at different obesity risks, based on parental weight, and also to explore their weekday–weekend sleep variations and associated family factors.MethodsA total of 145 children participating in a longitudinal obesity prevention project were included, of which 37 had normal‐weight parents (low obesity risk), and 108 had overweight/obese parents (high obesity risk). Sleep diaries at ages 1 and 2 years were used to study sleep development in children at different obesity risks. Objectively assessed sleep using an accelerometer at 2 years of age was used to analyse weekday–weekend sleep variations.ResultsThere was no difference in sleep development from age 1 to age 2 among children at different obesity risks, but more children in the high‐risk group had prolonged sleep onset latency and low sleep efficiency. At 2 years of age, children in the high‐risk group had more weekday–weekend variation in sleep offset (mean difference 18 min, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4–33 min), midpoint of sleep (mean difference 14 min, 95% CI 3–25 min) and nap onset (mean difference 42 min, 95% CI 10–74 min) than children in the low‐risk group, after adjusting for other family factors. However, no difference could be detected between groups in weekday–weekend variation in sleep duration.ConclusionsUnfavourable sleep characteristics, as well as more variation in sleep schedules, have been observed in children at high obesity risk. While the differences were relatively small, they may reflect the unfavourable sleep hygiene in families at high obesity risk.
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| 4. |
- Xiu, Lijuan, et al.
(författare)
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Sleep and adiposity in children from 2 to 6 years of age
- 2020
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Ingår i: Pediatrics. - : American Academy of Pediatrics. - 0031-4005 .- 1098-4275. ; 145:3, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To compare sleep in young children at different obesity risks, which were based on parental weight, as well as to explore the longitudinal associations of sleep characteristics with adiposity.METHODS: In total, 107 children from an obesity prevention project were included, of which 43 had normal-weight parents (low obesity risk) and 64 had overweight and/or obese parents (high obesity risk). Sleep was measured yearly from ages 2 to 6 years by using actigraphy. Five sleep characteristics, that of late sleep, long sleep latency, short sleep duration, low sleep efficiency, and irregular sleep onset, were defined and scored across ages, with a higher score indicating more frequent exposure. The outcome variables, also measured yearly, were BMI z score and waist circumference.RESULTS: There was no difference in sleep patterns among children at different risks. Higher short sleep duration score was associated with a greater increase in BMI z score (0.12; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01 to 0.25) across ages. Independently of sleep duration, higher late sleep score was associated with greater increases in BMI z score (0.16; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.27) and waist circumference (0.60 cm; 95% CI 0.23 to 0.98). Moreover, compared with children at low risk and without habitual late sleep, children at high risk and with habitual late sleep had greater increases in BMI z score (0.93; 95% CI 0.40 to 1.45) and waist circumference (3.45 cm; 95% CI 1.78 to 5.12).CONCLUSIONS: More frequent exposures to late sleep were associated with greater increases in adiposity measures from ages 2 to 6 years, particularly in children with obese parents.
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