| 1. |
- Ekman, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical value of using serological cytokeratins as therapeutic markers in thoracic malignancies
- 2007
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Ingår i: Anticancer Research. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 27:5B, s. 3545-3553
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, there has been an increasing awareness among physicians of the value of therapeutic interventions in patients suffering from lung cancer and mesothelioma. A search for an optimal approach using surgery, irradiation and chemotherapy in different settings of the tumour disease, including curatively aimed adjuvant chemotherapy after locoregional surgery or radiotherapy, has resulted in gradually improved survival rates. Still, early detection is crucial if there is to be a possibility of curing patients or prolonging life in cases of relapsed disease. Several studies have been initiated in which surrogate markers are evaluated in comparison to chest X-rays and computer tomography. The present review focuses on the predictive and prognostic value of using serological cytokeratins as tumour markers for patients suffering from thoracic malignancies.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Svensson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Desmopressin in treatment of haematological disorders and in prevention of surgical bleeding.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Blood Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-1681 .- 0268-960X. ; 28:3, s. 95-102
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stimulation with the vasopressin analogue desmopressin (DDAVP) of extrarenal arginine vasopressin (AVP) V2-receptors in endothelial cells and possible in platelets increases the circulating levels of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII), von Willebrand factor (VWF) and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). The purpose of this paper is to provide an updated review of current information on the efficacy and safety of DDAVP in the treatment of haemophilia, von Willebrand disease (VWD), uremia, liver cirrhosis, and in congenital or drug-induced platelet dysfunction - under surgical or non-surgical conditions. In summary, desmopressin is an effective haemostatic drug that when administered i.v., s.c. or intranasally increases plasma levels of FVIII and VWF 2-6 times and improves platelet function. It has a proven haemostatic efficacy in mild haemophilia A and VWD as well as in uremia, liver cirrhosis and in congenital and acquired, drug induced platelet dysfunction. Desmopressin has few side effects but observation is advised in small children and elderly.
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| 4. |
- Atodiresei, N., et al.
(författare)
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Controlling the Magnetization Direction in Molecules via Their Oxidation State
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 100:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By means of ab initio calculations we predict that it is possible to manipulate the magnetization direction in organic magnetic molecules by changing their oxidation state. We demonstrate this novel effect on the Eu2(C8H8)3 molecule, in which the hybridization of the outer π ring states with the Eu4f states causes a redistribution of the orbitals around the Fermi level leading to a strong ferromagnetism due to a hole-mediated exchange mechanism. As a key result, we predict an oscillatory behavior of the easy axis of the magnetization as a function of the oxidation state of the molecule—a new effect, which could lead to new technological applications.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Belhadji, Brahim, et al.
(författare)
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Trends of exchange interactions in dilute magnetic semiconductors
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : IOP. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 19:43, s. 436227-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We discuss the importance of different exchange mechanisms like double exchange, p–d exchange and anti-ferromagnetic as well as ferromagnetic superexchange in dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMSs). Based on the coherent potential approximation for the electronic structure of the DMSs we show that the different mechanisms exhibit different dependences on the concentration of the magnetic impurities, on the hybridization with the wavefunctions of neighbouring impurities and on the position of the Fermi level in the band gap. However, common to all mechanisms is that, as long as half-metallicity is preserved, they are determined by the hybridization with the orbitals of neighbouring impurities and of the resulting energy gain due to the formation of bonding and anti-bonding hybrids. By calculating the exchange coupling constants Jij(EF) as a function of the position of the Fermi level we obtain a universal trend for the exchange interactions with band filling.
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| 7. |
- Bemark, Mats, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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A Unique Role of the Cholera Toxin A1-DD Adjuvant for Long-Term Plasma and Memory B Cell Development
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - : The American Association of Immunologists. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 186:3, s. 1399-1410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adjuvants have traditionally been appreciated for their immunoenhancing effects, whereas their impact on immunological memory has largely been neglected. In this paper, we have compared three mechanistically distinct adjuvants: aluminum salts (Alum), Ribi (monophosphoryl lipid A), and the cholera toxin A1 fusion protein CTA1-DD. Their influence on long-term memory development was dramatically different. Whereas a single immunization i.p. with 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl (NP)-chicken γ-globulin and adjuvant stimulated serum anti-NP IgG titers that were comparable at 5 wk, CTA1-DD–adjuvanted responses were maintained for >16 mo with a half-life of anti-NP IgG ∼36 wk, but <15 wk after Ribi or Alum. A CTA1-DD dose-dependent increase in germinal center (GC) size and numbers was found, with >60% of splenic B cell follicles hosting GC at an optimal CTA1-DD dose. Roughly 7% of these GC were NP specific. This GC-promoting effect correlated well with the persistence of long-term plasma cells in the bone marrow and memory B cells in the spleen. CTA1-DD also facilitated increased somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation of NP-specific IgG Abs in a dose-dependent fashion, hence arguing that large GC not only promotes higher Ab titers but also high-quality Ab production. Adoptive transfer of splenic CD80+, but not CD80−, B cells, at 1 y after immunization demonstrated functional long-term anti-NP IgG and IgM memory cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report to specifically compare and document that adjuvants can differ considerably in their support of long-term immune responses. Differential effects on the GC reaction appear to be the basis for these differences.
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| 8. |
- Bergqvist, D, et al.
(författare)
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Extraanatomic vascular reconstruction in patients with aorto-iliac arteriosclerosis
- 1984
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Ingår i: Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica. - 0001-5482. ; 150:3, s. 205-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During an 11-year period 117 extraanatomic reconstructions were made for aorto-iliac arteriosclerosis; 36 axillofemoral and 81 femorofemoral crossover bypasses. The patients were old and had several factors making them poor risks for surgery. Axillofemoral grafts were more often used in patients with malignant disease. Postoperative mortality was 10% without difference between the two types of reconstruction. Both early and late complications were significantly more frequent in patients with axillofemoral bypass. Reoperations for occlusion and symptoms from the donor side also were significantly more common among axillofemoral patients. Life table analysis showed a higher survival and patency rate among patients with crossover grafts.
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| 9. |
- Bergqvist, David, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of mesenteric vein thrombosis
- 2010
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Ingår i: Seminars in Vascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0895-7967 .- 1558-4518. ; 23:1, s. 65-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mesenteric vein thrombosis has a similar clinical course as arterial, although more prolonged. In the majority of cases conventional anticoagulant treatment should be used and is often successful. The duration should be at least 6 months. Thrombolysis has been used, both systemic and local, although only in small series. Surgery is indicated when there is peritonitis, when often bowel resection is necessary. Thrombectomy has been used infrequently.
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| 10. |
- Bergqvist, Ewa, 1971-
(författare)
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Mathematics and mathematics education - two sides of the same coin : creative reasoning in university exams in mathematics
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Avhandlingen består av två ganska olika delar som ändå har en del gemensamt. Del A är baserad på två artiklar i matematik och del B är baserad på två matematikdidaktiska artiklar. De matematiska artiklarna utgår från ett begrepp som heter polynomkonvexitet. Grundidén är att man skulle kunna se vissa ytor som en sorts ”tak” (tänk på taket till en carport). Alla punkter, eller positioner, ”under taket” (ungefär som de platser som skyddas från regn av carporttaket) ligger i något som kallas ”polynomkonvexa höljet.” Tidigare forskning har visat att för ett givet tak och en given punkt så finns det ett sätt att avgöra om punkten ligger ”under taket”. Det finns nämligen i så fall alltid en sorts matematisk funktion med vissa egenskaper. Finns det ingen sådan funktion så ligger inte punkten under taket och tvärt om; ligger punkten utanför taket så finns det heller ingen sådan funktion. Jag visar i min första artikel att det kan finnas flera olika sådana funktioner till en punkt som ligger under taket. I den andra artikeln visar jag några exempel på hur man kan konstruera sådana funktioner när man vet hur taket ser ut och var under taket punkten ligger. De matematikdidaktiska artiklarna i avhandlingen handlar om vad som krävs av studenterna när de gör universitetstentor i matematik. Vissa uppgifter kan gå att lösa genom att studenterna lär sig någonting utantill ur läroboken och sen skriver ner det på tentan. Andra går kanske att lösa med hjälp en algoritm, ett ”recept,” som studenterna har övat på att använda. Båda dessa sätt att resonera kallas imitativt resonemang. Om uppgiften kräver att studenterna ”tänker själva” och skapar en (för dem) ny lösning, så kallas det kreativt resonemang. Forskning visar att elever i stor utsträckning väljer att jobba med imitativt resonemang, även när uppgifterna inte går att lösa på det sättet. Mycket pekar också på att de svårigheter med att lära sig matematik som elever ofta har är nära kopplat till detta arbetssätt. Det är därför viktigt att undersöka i vilken utsträckning de möter olika typer av resonemang i undervisningen. Den första artikeln består av en genomgång av tentauppgifter där det noggrant avgörs vilken typ av resonemang som de kräver av studenterna. Resultatet visar att studenterna kunde bli godkända på nästan alla tentorna med hjälp av imitativt resonemang. Den andra artikeln baserades på intervjuer med sex av de lärare som konstruerat tentorna. Syftet var att ta reda på varför tentorna såg ut som de gjorde och varför det räckte med imitativt resonemang för att klara dem. Det visade sig att lärarna kopplade uppgifternas svårighetsgrad till resonemangstypen. De ansåg att om uppgiften krävde kreativt resonemang så var den svår och att de uppgifter som gick att lösa med imitativt resonemang var lättare. Lärarna menade att under rådande omständigheter, t.ex. studenternas försämrade förkunskaper, så är det inte rimligt att kräva mer kreativt resonemang vid tentamenstillfället.
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