| 1. |
- Bergström, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Fish community responses to restoration of a eutrophic coastal bay
- 2024
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Ingår i: Ambio. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 53, s. 109-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interest in coastal restoration measures is increasing, but information about subsequent ecosystem recovery processes is limited. In Bjornofjarden on the Baltic Sea coast, Stockholm archipelago, a pioneering case study to reduce coastal eutrophication led to improvements and initially halved phosphorus levels. Here, we evaluate the effects of the restoration on the local fish assemblage over one decade after the measures. The study gives a unique possibility to evaluate responses of coastal fish to nutrient variables and abatement in a controlled natural setting. Cyprinid abundance decreased and perch partially increased with decreasing turbidity levels, while mean trophic level increased over time in the restored area. Responses were overall weak, likely attributed to an attenuation of the eutrophication abatement effect over time. The results suggest that nutrient reduction gives slow responses in fish compared to alternative measures such as fishing closures.
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| 2. |
- Bagdonaite, Ieva, et al.
(författare)
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Glycoengineered keratinocyte library reveals essential functions of specific glycans for all stages of HSV-1 infection
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Viral and host glycans represent an understudied aspect of host-pathogen interactions, despite potential implications for treatment of viral infections. This is due to lack of easily accessible tools for analyzing glycan function in a meaningful context. Here we generate a glycoengineered keratinocyte library delineating human glycosylation pathways to uncover roles of specific glycans at different stages of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infectious cycle. We show the importance of cellular glycosaminoglycans and glycosphingolipids for HSV-1 attachment, N-glycans for entry and spread, and O-glycans for propagation. While altered virion surface structures have minimal effects on the early interactions with wild type cells, mutation of specific O-glycosylation sites affects glycoprotein surface expression and function. In conclusion, the data demonstrates the importance of specific glycans in a clinically relevant human model of HSV-1 infection and highlights the utility of genetic engineering to elucidate the roles of specific viral and cellular carbohydrate structures.
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| 3. |
- Bergström, Emil, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the Design Context of AI-Powered Services : A Qualitative Investigation of Designers’ Experiences with Machine Learning
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science. - Heidelberg : Springer. - 0302-9743 .- 1611-3349. ; 13336, s. 3-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) has provided user experience (UX) designers with a richer toolset. To use technologies such as Machine Learning (ML) that can expand their creative capacity to design intelligent services. ML has the capability to enhance the user experience, for example, by improving efficiency, personalization, and context-aware adaptation. However, research suggests ML as a challenging design material in UX practice, such as difficulties in comprehending data dependencies when prototyping, or the lack of tools and methods for evaluating adaptive user experiences. Previous research indicates that lack of knowledge transfer into the UX design practice may hamper innovative potential. This work aims to provide new insights on how designers think about – and experience – design for AI-powered services. It is important to make ML-powered services beneficial and sustainable for end-users, organizations, and society. Therefore, we explore UX designers’ reflections and experiences of using ML in a design context. We have performed nine deep explorative interviews with professional designers that work with ML. The respondents have different backgrounds, seniority, and work in different sectors. The collected interview material was qualitatively analyzed and resulted in five conceptual themes for how UX designers experience the design context surrounding AI-powered services: 1) Absence of competence, 2) Lack of incentive for competence development, 3) Challenges in articulating design criteria, 4) Mature vs. Immature clients, and 5) Lack of support for ethical concerns. We provide implications for how these themes affect the design context and practice. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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| 4. |
- Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Body weight at age 20 and in midlife is more important than weight gain for coronary atherosclerosis: Results from SCAPIS.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 373, s. 46-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elevated body weight in adolescence is associated with early cardiovascular disease, but whether this association is traceable to weight in early adulthood, weight in midlife or to weight gain is not known. The aim of this study is to assess the risk of midlife coronary atherosclerosis being associated with body weight at age 20, body weight in midlife and body weight change.We used data from 25,181 participants with no previous myocardial infarction or cardiac procedure in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS, mean age 57 years, 51% women). Data on coronary atherosclerosis, self-reported body weight at age 20 and measured midlife weight were recorded together with potential confounders and mediators. Coronary atherosclerosis was assessed using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and expressed as segment involvement score (SIS).The probability of having coronary atherosclerosis was markedly higher with increasing weight at age 20 and with mid-life weight (p<0.001 for both sexes). However, weight increase from age 20 until mid-life was only modestly associated with coronary atherosclerosis. The association between weight gain and coronary atherosclerosis was mainly seen in men. However, no significant sex difference could be detected when adjusting for the 10-year delay in disease development in women.Similar in men and women, weight at age 20 and weight in midlife are strongly related to coronary atherosclerosis while weight increase from age 20 until midlife is only modestly related to coronary atherosclerosis.
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| 5. |
- Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
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Ingår i: Circulation. - Philadelphia : American Heart Association. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 6. |
- Bergström, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
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Ingår i: Circulation. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 7. |
- Bergström, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Self-report tool for identification of individuals with coronary atherosclerosis : the Swedish cardiopulmonary bioimage study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2047-9980. ; 13:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Coronary atherosclerosis detected by imaging is a marker of elevated cardiovascular risk. However, imaging involves large resources and exposure to radiation. The aim was, therefore, to test whether nonimaging data, specifically data that can be self-reported, could be used to identify individuals with moderate to severe coronary atherosclerosis.METHODS AND RESULTS: We used data from the population-based SCAPIS (Swedish CardioPulmonary BioImage Study) in individuals with coronary computed tomography angiography (n=25 182) and coronary artery calcification score (n=28 701), aged 50 to 64 years without previous ischemic heart disease. We developed a risk prediction tool using variables that could be assessed from home (self-report tool). For comparison, we also developed a tool using variables from laboratory tests, physical examinations, and self-report (clinical tool) and evaluated both models using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, external validation, and benchmarked against factors in the pooled cohort equation. The self-report tool (n=14 variables) and the clinical tool (n=23 variables) showed high-to-excellent discriminative ability to identify a segment involvement score ≥4 (area under the curve 0.79 and 0.80, respectively) and significantly better than the pooled cohort equation (area under the curve 0.76, P<0.001). The tools showed a larger net benefit in clinical decision-making at relevant threshold probabilities. The self-report tool identified 65% of all individuals with a segment involvement score ≥4 in the top 30% of the highest-risk individuals. Tools developed for coronary artery calcification score ≥100 performed similarly.CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a self-report tool that effectively identifies individuals with moderate to severe coronary atherosclerosis. The self-report tool may serve as prescreening tool toward a cost-effective computed tomography-based screening program for high-risk individuals.
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| 8. |
- Bergström, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Dual-wavelength digital holography : single-shot shape evaluation using speckle displacements and regularization
- 2014
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Ingår i: Applied Optics. - : Optical Society of America. - 1559-128X .- 2155-3165 .- 0003-6935 .- 1539-4522. ; 53:1, s. 123-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses the possibility of evaluating the shape of a free-form object in comparison with its shape prescribed by a CAD model. Measurements are made based on a single-shot recording using dual-wavelength holography with a synthetic wavelength of 1.4 mm. Each hologram is numerically propagated to different focus planes and correlated. The result is a vector field of speckle displacements that is linearly dependent on the local distance between the measured surface and the focus plane. From these speckle displacements, a gradient field of the measured surface is extracted through a proportional relationship. The gradient field obtained from the measurement is then aligned to the shape of the CAD model using the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm and regularization. Deviations between the measured shape and the CAD model are found from the phase difference field, giving a high precision shape evaluation. The phase differences and the CAD model are also used to find a representation of the measured shape. The standard deviation of the measured shape relative the CAD model varies between 7 and 19 μm, depending on the slope.
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| 9. |
- Bergström, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Single shot shape evaluation using dual-wavelength holographic reconstructions and regularization
- 2014
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Ingår i: Fringe 2013. - Berlin : Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology/Springer Verlag. - 9783642363580 - 9783642363597 ; , s. 103-108
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this work is to evaluate the shape of a free form object using single shot digital holography. The digital holography results in a gradient field and wrapped phase maps representing the shape of the object. The task is then to find a surface representation from this data which is an inverse problem. To solve this inverse problem we are using regularization with additional shape information from the CAD-model of the measured object.
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| 10. |
- Bergström, Ylva, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Unga och facket : klyftor i attityder och kunskaper bland gymnasieelever
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport bygger på en omfattande enkätundersökning om gymnasieelevers attityder till fack och arbetsliv. Utvecklingen över tid analyseras med hjälp av två tidigare omgångar av samma undersökning (2014 och 2010). Resultaten ställs även i relation till en undersökning bland unga yrkesverksamma som genomfördes av YouGov år 2019.Ungas syn på facket och arbetslivet har en avgörande betydelse för den svenska arbetsmarknaden i allmänhet och fackliga organisationer i synnerhet. Den fackliga organisationsgraden har under lång tid sjunkit på svensk arbetsmarknad, särskilt bland unga. Om löntagarnas inflytande i arbetslivet ska kunna stärkas, är det av yttersta vikt att den utvecklingen bryts och att fler unga väljer att gå med i facket.Rapporten blottlägger en djup klyfta mellan å ena sidan elever på högskoleförberedande program i storstäder och å andra sidan yrkesprogrammen, särskilt de kvinnliga yrkeseleverna. Tre övergripande mönster framträder:Gymnasieelever uppfattar i allt mindre utsträckning att skolan förbereder dem för arbetsmarknaden. Minskningen är tydligast bland elever på yrkesprogram och särskilt bland kvinnliga yrkeselever, som också har lägre kunskaper om arbetslivsfrågor.Elevernas inställning till facket är i huvudsak positiv. Över hälften (55 procent) svarar att de kommer gå med i facket när de börjar jobba och sju av tio elever tror att facket behövs på framtidens arbetsmarknad.Gymnasisternas attityder till facket följer mönstret hos löntagare i allmänhet. Elever på högskoleförberedande program är, i likhet med gruppen högutbildade tjänstemän, mer benägna att se ett positivt värde i facklig verksamhet. Elever på gymnasiets yrkesprogram är å andra sidan, i likhet med arbetare och lågutbildade, mindre positiva till fack och facklig verksamhet. Negativa attityder är vanligast bland flickor på yrkesprogram.För dem där en osäker tillvaro på arbetsmarknaden är mest trolig, såsom bland flickor på yrkesprogrammen, förefaller de fackliga frågorna ha låg prioritet, och en hög andel av dessa elever saknar facklig tilltro.Ungdomar som lämnar gymnasiet med svag anknytning till arbetsmarknaden och bristande kunskaper om facket och arbetslivet är dåligt rustade för att orientera sig bland arbetstillfällen och anställningsformer. De har även svårare att värdera facklig anslutning, a-kassevillkor och arbetsmiljöregler.
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