| 1. |
- Hudson, Lawrence N, et al.
(författare)
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The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 7:1, s. 145-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.
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| 2. |
- Khanal, Sanjay Nath, et al.
(författare)
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Implications of Climate Change and Tourism in the Mt. Everest Region in Nepal
- 2014. - 1
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Ingår i: Impact of Climate Change on Water and Health. - : Routledge. - 9781466577497 - 9780429072086 ; , s. 377-399
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Among the nine National Parks of Nepal, Sagarmatha National Park (SNP), established in 1976, and declared an UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979, is one of the most attractive parks of the world-with the existence spectacular mountain ranges, among them, the Mt. Everest, Lhotse, Cho Oyu, Tamserku, Nuptse, Amadamlam and Pumori, glacial valleys, and rich biodiversity of the Himalayan ecological Zone in the Khumbhu region has become an obvious choice for tourists, trekkers and mountaineers from around the world. The tourists that visit this area have contributed signifi cantly towards improving the livelihood opportunities, but at the same time have put pressure on the environmental as well as sociocultural aspects of the people of the host area. The Sagarmatha region has spectacular features including mountain peaks, glaciers and lakes, snow fed rivers and natural streams, scenic tourist destinations, valuable fl ora and fauna, agricultural and pastoral economy, unique cultural tradition, and trends etc. All these features are under pressure due to growing human activities and their intervention which ultimately brings change in the climatic pattern of the region. Therefore, concrete efforts to balance the natural ecosystem and avoiding environmental and cultural damage are necessary, for maintaining a long-lasting image of this region.
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| 3. |
- Singh, Ashutosh, et al.
(författare)
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Taxonomy of cryptic species in theCyornis rubeculoidescomplex in the Indian subcontinent
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ibis. - : WILEY. - 0019-1019 .- 1474-919X. ; 162:3, s. 924-935
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Taxa classified as subspecies may in fact be cryptic species. We assessed the taxonomic status of the Blue-throated FlycatcherCyornis rubeculoidescomplex in India, which consists of several forms with similar plumages and song. We used mitochondrial and nuclearDNA, plumage traits, and detailed song analysis to ascertain the taxonomic status of the different forms. The molecular data identified three primary clades: (1) in the west Himalayan foothills, (2) at higher elevations in the northeast hill states of Meghalaya, Nagaland and Mizoram, and (3) at lower elevations in the northeastern hills of Meghalaya and the east Himalayas of Arunachal Pradesh. The western clade represents nominateC. rubeculoides rubeculoides. The high-elevation eastern clade was considered to beC. rubeculoides rogersi, because it included a sample from this subspecies from near the type locality in southwest Myanmar. These two sister clades had an estimated divergence time of 1.5 million years (my). The low-elevation east clade has previously been assigned toC. rubeculoides, but we showed it is closely related to the Hainan Blue FlycatcherCyornis hainanus, formerly thought to breed only further east, with an estimated divergence time of only ~0.8 my. This clade may represent a subspecies ofC. hainanusor, given reports of widespread sympatry withC. hainanusin Thailand, a distinct species,Cyornis dialilaemus. However, more research is advocated, including molecular data, from the area of overlap. Songs were remarkably similar across all taxa. In playback experiments,C. r. rubeculoidesin the west responded to all taxa. This is in agreement with recent work demonstrating that song differences and responses to songs are not always a good indicator of the progress of reproductive isolation.
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