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- Tran, K. B., et al.
(författare)
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The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lancet. - 0140-6736. ; 400:10352, s. 563-591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
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| 3. |
- Mollah, Sabur, et al.
(författare)
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Pricing and Bidding Behavior of T-bills in Bangladesh
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of International Business and Economics. ; 8:2, s. 1-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the pricing mechanism and bidding behavior of T-bills in Bangladesh. We analyze the yield patterns of different maturity T-bills from auction 222-273 including the secondary T-bills market. In our analysis, we also focus on the pros and cons of local T-bills market. In addition, the concept of Repo and Reverse Repo has been introduced. The primary T-bills market in Bangladesh is still thin in the sense that the supply side is influenced by the budgetary financial requirements of the government, while the demand side comprises mainly the Deposit Money banks (DMBs) having SLR obligations. Finally, some suggestions have been provided for strengthening and streamlining the T-bills market in Bangladesh.
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| 5. |
- Bhuyan, R, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of Dividend Policy in Emerging Stock Markets : Evidence from Bangladesh
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Business Research. - 1554-5466. ; 5:1, s. 175-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The vast majority of efficient market research to date has focused on the major United States and European securities market. Far fewer have investigated the developing and less developed countries markets; and no study on this area has been performed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE). The study seeks evidence supporting the existence of at least weak-form efficiency of the market. The sample includes the daily price indices of all the listed securities on the DSE for the period of 1988 to 1997. The hypothesis of the study is whether the Dhaka Stock Market is weakform efficient. The results of both non-parametric (Kolmogrov –Smirnov normality test and run test) test and parametric test ( Auto-correlation test, Auto-regression, ARIMA model ) provide evidence that the share return series do not follow random walk model and the significant autocorrelation co-efficient at different lags reject the null hypothesis of weak-form efficiency. The results are consistent in different sub-sample observations, without outlier and for individual securities. The issues are important to security analysts, investors and security exchange regulatory bodies in their policy making decisions to improve the market condition. This study deserves a continuous research on this area to reach an ultimate conclusion about the level of efficiency of less developed market.
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