| 1. |
- Andreoni, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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Optimizing Cadences with Realistic Light-curve Filtering for Serendipitous Kilonova Discovery with Vera Rubin Observatory
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 258:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current and future optical and near-infrared wide-field surveys have the potential to find kilonovae, the optical and infrared counterparts to neutron star mergers, independently of gravitational-wave or high-energy gamma-ray burst triggers. The ability to discover fast and faint transients such as kilonovae largely depends on the area observed, the depth of those observations, the number of revisits per field in a given time frame, and the filters adopted by the survey; it also depends on the ability to perform rapid follow-up observations to confirm the nature of the transients. In this work, we assess kilonova detectability in existing simulations of the Legacy Survey of Space and Time strategy for the Vera C. Rubin Wide Fast Deep survey, with focus on comparing rolling to baseline cadences. Although currently available cadences can enable the detection of >300 kilonovae out to ∼1400 Mpc over the 10 year survey, we can expect only 3–32 kilonovae similar to GW170817 to be recognizable as fast-evolving transients. We also explore the detectability of kilonovae over the plausible parameter space, focusing on viewing angle and ejecta masses. We find that observations in redder izy bands are crucial for identification of nearby (within 300 Mpc) kilonovae that could be spectroscopically classified more easily than more distant sources. Rubin's potential for serendipitous kilonova discovery could be increased by gain of efficiency with the employment of individual 30 s exposures (as opposed to 2 × 15 s snap pairs), with the addition of red-band observations coupled with same-night observations in g or r bands, and possibly with further development of a new rolling-cadence strategy.
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| 2. |
- Ficarra, Salvatore, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of exercise interventions on physical fitness in breast cancer patients and survivors : a systematic review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Breast Cancer. - : Springer. - 1340-6868 .- 1880-4233. ; 29, s. 402-418
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This systematic review aims to identify the effects of exercise interventions in patients with breast cancer (BCP) and survivors (BCS) on selected variables of physical fitness.Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Medline and Scopus. Randomized controlled trials with isolated exercise interventions in BCP and BCS women (< 5 years from therapy completion) were included. The risk of bias (RoB) assessment was conducted using the Cochrane RoB-2-tool. Variables regarding cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), strength (ST), fatigue (F) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were discussed.Results: Of the 336 studies initially identified, 22 met all the inclusion criteria and were deemed eligible. RoB assessment indicated that the studies had predominantly “some concerns” or had “low RoB”, with only 3 studies presenting a “high RoB”. The mean duration and frequency of exercise interventions were 19 weeks and 3 sessions/week, performed at moderate intensity (65% VO2max and 66% 1RM, for aerobic and resistance-training interventions, respectively).Conclusions: Exercise interventions seem to be a valuable strategy in BCP to avoid the decline of CRF, ST, F and HRQoL. Conversely, improved physical function among BCS is observed for the same variables. Resistance training and combined interventions seem to provide the most encouraging variations of the selected outcomes.PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42021237917.
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| 3. |
- Gentile, Ambra, et al.
(författare)
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Developmental outcomes in Italian young cancer survivors : the effect of lack of social support in physical activity practice on quality of life and mental health
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Community and Applied Social Phychology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1052-9284 .- 1099-1298. ; 34:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Life expectancy among young cancer survivors has increased in the last decades. Unfortunately, young cancer survivors might still experience mental and physical issues due to cancer treatment. Moreover, although physical activity is a valid tool for increasing social support and reducing the risk of obesity, sedentary behaviour is very common among young cancer survivors.Therefore, the current pilot study aims to estimate lack of social support impact on physical activity practice on mental health and quality of life. A sample of 69 Italian young cancer survivors (60% females) were included in the study and physical activity, anxiety, depression and quality of life were assessed by self-reported questionnaires. The results showed that a lack of social support for exercising was connected to higher depressive symptoms, while no influence was detected on anxiety. Concerning quality of life, the analysis of variance model showed a significant effect of the lack of social support on physical mobility but not on self-care, usual activities, pain and discomfort and general health. In conclusion, integrating physical activity in young cancer survivors' life-style, considering cancer-related side effects, might enhance their mental health and quality of life by providing social support at the same time. Healthcare professionals shoulde valuate the feasibility and support adapted physical activity programmes for young cancer survivors, to reduce the risk of depression and obesity, among others.
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| 4. |
- Gentile, Ambra, et al.
(författare)
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Nature through virtual reality as a stress-reduction tool : a systematic review
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Stress Management. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1072-5245 .- 1573-3424. ; 30:4, s. 341-353
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current systematic review aims to assess the acute stress-reduction effects of virtual reality (VR) natural environments. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, while the inclusion criteria were established through population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and study design (PICOS). The studies were included if (a) based on a nonclinical population; (b) compared the exposure to virtual nature through 360° images, biophilic elements, VR prerecorded videos, or immersive environments, excluding augmented reality; (c) objective (physiological parameters) or subjective (e.g., self-report questionnaires) measures were reported; (d) the reported measures contained quantitative outcomes; and (e) the records were published between 2010 and 2023. Four hundred nine studies were initially retrieved, 19 of which were finally included for synthesis. The eligible studies comprised a total of 1,168 participants. The quality assessment of the studies revealed a score of 10.1/15, indicating that studies were of overall "moderate quality." Heterogeneity among the type of natural environment, type of stress induction, and type of comparator (nonnatural environment) was retrieved. Differences were also present regarding either the physiological or psychological variables analyzed. The exposure to natural environments through VR seemingly reduces objective and subjective stress levels. The presence of (a) natural sounds, (b) natural lighting, and (c) water elements seem to be key elements that help VR users reducing stress.
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| 5. |
- Gentile, Ambra, et al.
(författare)
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Use of alcohol, drugs, inhalants, and smoking tobacco and the long-term risk of depression in men : A nationwide Swedish cohort study from 1969–2017
- 2021
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Ingår i: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The use of alcohol, drugs, inhalants, and smoking tobacco may lead to mood disorders such as depression. However, knowledge on the independent contributions of the use of these substances to the risk of depression is lacking.Methods: The study cohort consisted of 24,564 men included in the Swedish national military conscription register who were conscripted in 1969–1970 and followed until 2017. Cox proportional hazard ratios were used to estimate the risk of depression according to alcohol, drug, inhalant, and cigarette consumption, and adjusted for body mass index, verbal comprehension test scores, handgrip strength, and the other main exposures investigated.Results: During an average follow-up period of 44 years, 4500 men were diagnosed with or treated for depression at a mean age of 54 years. A dose-dependent association was found in men who smoked cigarettes, with the highest risk for smoking >20 cigarettes per day, at time of conscription (aHR 1.86, 95 % CI 1.61–2.16, p < 0.001). Independent associations with an increased risk of depression were found for the use of drugs at least once (aHR 1.21, 95 % CI 1.10–1.32, p < 0.001) and >50 times (aHR 1.48, 95 % CI 1.23–1.77, p < 0.001) and the use of inhalants (aHR 1.16, 95 % CI 1.05–1.29). Excessive alcohol intake was not associated with the risk of depression.Conclusion: The results suggest that people who reported to have used cigarettes, alcohol, or drugs at 18 years of age have a moderately increased risk of depression later in life.
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| 6. |
- Lakicevic, Nemanja, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid weight loss and mood states in judo athletes: A systematic review
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Review of Applied Psychology. - 1162-9088. ; 74
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Rapid weight loss (RWL) has been traditionally practiced in judo. While the effects of it on performance and health have been extensively studied, less attention is dedicated to psychological ramifications of RWL. We sought to investigate the effects of RWL on mood states in judo athletes. Method: PubMed and Web of Science were systematically searched for the relevant literature. Only original studies investigating the magnitude of RWL in judo athletes while jointly using Profile of Mood States questionnaire were eligible. Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Studies varied vastly in their design (time allocated to RWL and the degree of RWL), but the common trait in virtually all studies was a significant increase in tension and significant drop in vigor following RWL. It appears that when ≥ 5% RWL per week is prompted, mood states greatly exacerbate in judo athletes. Conclusion: Overall, data showed that mood states in judo athletes are aggravated after ≥ 5% RWL with no significant difference between males and females. Future studies should explore the long-term effects of weight cycling on the mental health of judo athletes and other athletes participating in weight-classified sports.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Maric, Dora, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of resistance training on sleep quality and disorders among individuals diagnosed with cancer : a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
- 2024
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Ingår i: Cancer Medicine. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7634. ; 13:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sleep disorders are often complained by cancer patients and can last years after the end of therapies, leading to different negative consequences. Non-pharmacological strategies such as exercise interventions may be considered to counteract this phenomenon. The literature supports the beneficial effects of aerobic training (AT), while evidence on resistance training (RT) is scarce. Accordingly, our systematic review aims to investigate the potential novel effect of RT on sleep outcomes in cancer survivors.Methods: The literature search was conducted on MEDLINE (Pubmed), Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases, including only randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The screening procedure was conducted using the web-based software COVIDENCE. Sleep outcomes assessed through self-reported questionnaires or objective sleep measurements were extracted from RCTs recruiting cancer survivors of any age and gender, on or off treatment. The risk of bias (RoB) for each study was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool for RCTs. Meta-analytic syntheses were performed on sleep quality and insomnia.Results: A total of 21 studies were included in the review. Considering the mean percentage differences of all studies combined, promising positive results were found after combined aerobic and resistance exercise program (COMB) for sleep quality (−19%) and sleep disturbance (−17.3%). The meta-analysis results showed significant improvement for both sleep quality and insomnia (d = 0.28, SE: 0.11, Z = 2.51, p < 0.01, 95% CI: 0.07–0.49 and d = 0.43, SE: 0.20, Z = 2.18, p = 0.029, 95% CI: 0.07–0.49, respectively).Conclusion: RT interventions of 60 minutes per session, performed 2–3 times a week for 12 weeks, with exercise intensity ranging from 60% to 80% of one-repetition maximum can be administered to cancer survivors, aiming to improve sleep outcomes.
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| 9. |
- Ortega-Gómez, Sonia, et al.
(författare)
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Outdoor Against Cancer Connects Us (OACCUs) Project : A European initiative promoting healthy lifestyle among young cancer survivors
- 2024
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Ingår i: Physical Activity, Exercise and Cancer. - : Asociacion Espanola de Analisis del Rendimiento Deportivo. - 3020-478X. ; 1:2, s. 53-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The main project objectives will be to characterize the lifestyle behaviours of young cancer survivors (YCS) and to examine the associations of physical activity, balanced nutrition and sustainability and nature behaviours with mental well-being and quality of life.Methods: The present cross-sectional project will include YCS between 15 to 39 years from Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden. Sociodemographic aspects and disease history will be collected. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire and The International Fitness Scale will be applied to assess physical activity and sedentary levels; and self-reported fitness, respectively. The questionnaire on adherence to the Mediterranean diet will evaluate healthy diet habits, and a short set of questions will cover the environmental quality of residence of the participants, as well as their outdoor habits. In addition, the EQ‐5D‐5L instrument will measure health-related quality of life, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale will collect depression and anxiety symptoms.Results: It is hypothesised that positive lifestyle behaviours, such as increasing physical activity and following balanced nutrition, may correlate with improved mental well-being and quality of life in YCS. These findings have the potential to deepen our understanding of the intricate interplay between cancer, lifestyle and mental health
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| 10. |
- Thomas, Ewan, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences, behaviours, and perspectives of young cancer survivors on physical activity
- 2024
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Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8440. ; 10:15
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This narrative review aimed to identify young cancer survivors’ behaviours, experiences, and perspectives concerning physical activity, and identify useful strategies for promoting a healthy lifestyle. A manual search on the following databases was conducted: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search was conducted between June 1, 2023, and April 12, 2024. Articles published from database inception up to April 12, 2024, were retrieved. Articles published in any language were considered. Perspectives including ideas, perceived barriers, and facilitators have been identified. Young cancer survivors seem to engage in physical activity as a useful coping strategy to regain normality and keep healthy after the cancer diagnosis. Although emotional and social support seems fundamental to increase participation, several other factors, including physical limitations, fatigue, sex, cancer type, and socio-economic status can influence physical activity participation. For those engaged in physical activity, the preferred activities are walking, biking, going to the gym, and exercising at home, while the least preferred are exercising at the hospital or boot camp-based exercises. Yoga is more frequently chosen by those still under treatment. Young cancer survivors appear to have unique needs different from those of adult cancer survivors. Mode of treatment delivery, increased awareness concerning the effects of physical activity, including families and friends, connecting survivors, and providing social support together with increasing motivation are key strategies for the promotion of physical activity in young cancer survivors. Fitness and healthcare professionals should consider these aspects to increase young cancer survivors' involvement in physical activities.
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