| 1. |
- Bibbo, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
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A Preconditioning Paradox : Contrasting Effects of Initial Phyllosphere and Early Leaf Decomposer Microfungi on Subsequent Colonization by Leaf Decomposing Non-Unit-Restricted Basidiomycetes
- 2022
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF FUNGI. - : MDPI. - 2309-608X. ; 8:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fungal interactions during leaf decomposition can facilitate or inhibit other fungi. This experiment focused on whether preconditioning of leaf litter by microfungi that were confined to one leaf (Unit-Restricted) made leaf litter less likely to be colonized and decomposed by basidiomycetes that bind litter into mats (Non-Unit-Restricted) than non-preconditioned litter. Leaves of Manilkara bidentata in litterbags were preconditioned by incubating them for 0, 1, 2 or 3 months in flat litter/seed rain baskets 10 cm above the forest floor to avoid colonization by basidiomycete fungi. Preconditioned and non-preconditioned leaves were transferred to 5 replicate basidiomycete fungal mats of Gymnopus johnstonii for 6 weeks. Both attachment by basidiomycete fungi and percent mass loss after 6 weeks decreased significantly with increasing preconditioning time. In non-preconditioned leaves, gamma irradiation did not affect mass loss or percent white-rot despite having significantly increased numbers of basidiomycete fungal connections as compared to non-irradiated leaves. In non-preconditioned leaves, more basidiomycetes attachmented to non-irradiated than irradiated leaves suggest facilitation by phyllosphere microfungi. While basidiomycete colonization was initially facilitated by phyllosphere fungi, we inferred that degradation of resource quality led to fewer fungal attachments and less mass loss after 1-3 months of preconditioning by microfungi. The date suggest there is a 1-month time window for basidiomycete fungi to incorporate fallen leaves into their litter mats.
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| 2. |
- Zieminska, Kasia, et al.
(författare)
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Shifts in wood anatomical traits after a major hurricane
- 2023
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Ingår i: Functional Ecology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0269-8463 .- 1365-2435. ; 37:12, s. 3000-3014
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. Trait variation across individuals and species influences the resistance and resilience of ecosystems to disturbance, and the ability of individuals to capitalize on postdisturbance conditions. In trees, the anatomical structure of xylem directly affects plant function and, consequently, it is a valuable lens through which to understand resistance and resilience to disturbance.2. To determine how hurricanes affect wood anatomy of tropical trees, we characterized a set of anatomical traits in wood produced before and after a major hurricane for 65 individuals of 10 Puerto Rican tree species. We quantified variation at different scales (among and within species, and within individuals) and determined trait shifts between the pre- and posthurricane periods. We also assessed correlations between traits and growth rates.3. While the majority of anatomical trait variation occurred among species, we also observed substantial variation within species and individuals. Within individuals, we found significant shifts for some traits that generally reflected increased hydraulic conductivity in the posthurricane period. We found weak evidence for an association between individual xylem anatomical traits and diameter growth rates.4. Ultimately, within-individual variation of xylem anatomical traits observed in our study could be related to posthurricane recovery and overall growth (e.g. canopy filling). Other factors, however, likely decouple a relationship between xylem anatomy and diameter growth. While adjustments of wood anatomy may enable individual trees to capitalize on favourable postdisturbance conditions, these may also influence their future responses or vulnerability to subsequent disturbances.
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