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- Chiavaroli, Valentina, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise in pregnancy : 1-year and 7-year follow-ups of mothers and offspring after a randomized controlled trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are limited data on long-term outcomes of mothers or their offspring following exercise interventions during pregnancy. We assessed long-term effects of an exercise intervention (home-based stationary cycling) between 20-36 weeks of gestation on anthropometry and body composition in mothers and offspring after 1 and 7 years. 84 women were randomised to intervention or usual activity, with follow-up data available for 61 mother-child pairs (38 exercisers) at 1 year and 57 (33 exercisers) at 7 years. At 1 year, there were no observed differences in measured outcomes between mothers and offspring in the two groups. At the 7-year follow-up, mothers were mostly similar, except that exercisers had lower systolic blood pressure (-6.2 mmHg; p = 0.049). However, offspring of mothers who exercised during pregnancy had increased total body fat (+3.2%; p = 0.034) and greater abdominal (+4.1% android fat; p = 0.040) and gynoid (+3.5% gynoid fat; p = 0.042) adiposity compared with controls. Exercise interventions beginning during pregnancy may be beneficial to long-term maternal health. However, the initiation of exercise during pregnancy amongst sedentary mothers may be associated with adverse effects in the offspring during childhood. Larger follow-up studies are required to investigate long-term effects of exercise in pregnancy.
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| 2. |
- Chiavaroli, Valentina, et al.
(författare)
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Lower insulin sensitivity remains a feature of children born very preterm
- 2021
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Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1399-543X .- 1399-5448. ; 22:2, s. 161-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The first report of children born very preterm (<32 weeks of gestation) having insulin resistance was made 16 years ago. However, neonatal care has improved since. Thus, we aimed to assess whether children born very preterm still have lower insulin sensitivity than term controls.Methods: Participants were prepubertal children aged 5 to 11 years born very preterm (<32 weeks of gestation; n = 51; 61% boys) or at term (37-41 weeks; n = 50; 62% boys). Frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed, and insulin sensitivity was calculated using Bergman's minimal model. Additional clinical assessments included anthropometry, body composition using whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans, clinic blood pressure, and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.Results: Children born very preterm were 0.69 standard deviation score (SDS) lighter (P < .001), 0.53 SDS shorter (P = .003), and had body mass index 0.57 SDS lower (P = .003) than children born at term. Notably, children born very preterm had insulin sensitivity that was 25% lower than term controls (9.4 vs 12.6 x 10(-4) minutes(-1)center dot[mU/L]; P = .001). Other parameters of glucose metabolism, including fasting insulin levels, were similar in the two groups. The awake systolic blood pressure (from 24-hour monitoring) tended to be 3.1 mm Hg higher on average in children born very preterm (P = .054), while the clinic systolic blood pressure was 5.4 mm Hg higher (P = .002).Conclusions: Lower insulin sensitivity remains a feature of children born very preterm, despite improvements in neonatal intensive care. As reported in our original study, our findings suggest the defect in insulin action in prepubertal children born very pretermis primarily peripheral and not hepatic.
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| 3. |
- Chiavaroli, Valentina, et al.
(författare)
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The associations between maternal BMI and gestational weight gain and health outcomes in offspring at age 1 and 7 years
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In secondary analyses of a randomised controlled trial of exercise during pregnancy, we examined associations between mid-pregnancy maternal body mass index (BMI) and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) with offspring health. Follow-up data were available on 57 mother-child pairs at 1-year and 52 pairs at 7-year follow-ups. Clinical assessments included body composition and fasting blood tests. At age 1 year, increased maternal BMI in mid-gestation was associated with greater weight standard deviation scores (SDS) in the offspring (p = 0.035), with no observed associations for excessive GWG. At age 7 years, greater maternal BMI was associated with increased weight SDS (p < 0.001), BMI SDS (p = 0.005), and total body fat percentage (p = 0.037) in their children. Irrespective of maternal BMI, children born to mothers with excessive GWG had greater abdominal adiposity (p = 0.043) and less favourable lipid profile (lower HDL-C and higher triglycerides). At 7 years, maternal BMI and excessive GWG had compounded adverse associations with offspring adiposity. Compared to offspring of mothers with overweight/obesity plus excessive GWG, children of normal-weight mothers with adequate and excessive GWG were 0.97 and 0.64 SDS lighter (p = 0.002 and p = 0.014, respectively), and 0.98 and 0.63 SDS leaner (p = 0.001 and p = 0.014, respectively). Both greater maternal BMI in mid-pregnancy and excessive GWG were independently associated with increased adiposity in offspring at 7 years.
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| 5. |
- Gusso, Silmara, et al.
(författare)
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The Effects of 20 Weeks of Side-Alternating Vibration Therapy on Physical Function, Bone and Muscle Health in Adolescents with Down Syndrome
- 2021
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Ingår i: Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0194-2638 .- 1541-3144. ; 41:1, s. 44-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To evaluate the effects of side-alternating vibration therapy on physical function and body composition in adolescents with Down syndrome.Methods: Fourteen adolescents (8 males) with Down syndrome (mean +/- SD age: 15.5 +/- 2.3 years) performed vibration treatment nine minutes daily, four times per week, for 20 weeks on a Galileo vibration platform. Data were collected at baseline and after 20 weeks of intervention. Assessments included six-minute walk test, muscle function (force plate), whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography of the non-dominant tibia.Results: After 20 weeks, participants increased their distance walked in the six-minute walk test (p = 0.009), 2-leg single jump efficiency (p = 0.024) and jump velocity (p = 0.046). Participants also increased their power (p = 0.034) and reduced the time taken during the chair rise test (p < 0.001). At the total body level, increases were seen in bone mineral density (p = 0.004), bone mineral content (p = 0.043), fat free mass (p = 0.013) and lean mass (p = 0.021).Conclusion: Side-alternating vibration therapy was associated with increases in physical function and muscle mass with no effects on bone health in adolescents with Down syndrome.
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| 6. |
- Seneviratne, Sumudu N., et al.
(författare)
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Nulliparity is associated with subtle adverse metabolic outcomes in overweight/obese mothers and their offspring
- 2017
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Ingår i: Clinical Endocrinology. - : Wiley. - 0300-0664 .- 1365-2265. ; 87:5, s. 545-551
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We aimed to evaluate metabolic outcomes in overweight/obese nulliparous and multiparous women and their offspring.Study design: Seventy-two overweight and obese women who participated in a randomized controlled trial of exercise in pregnancy were included in the study, comparing 18 nulliparous and 54 multiparous women and their singleton offspring. Women were assessed at 19 and 36 weeks of gestation. Fetal growth was measured using standard obstetric ultrasound techniques. Cord blood was collected at birth. Maternal and offspring body composition was assessed using DXA similar to 2 weeks after delivery.Results: Nulliparous women had higher HbA1c in the third trimester of pregnancy than multiparous women (5.48% vs 5.29%; P=.002) and were more insulin-resistant based on the surrogate marker sex hormone-binding globulin (354 vs 408 nmol/L; P=.047). Nulliparous women also had higher levels of the inflammatory marker tumour necrosis factor-alpha (4.74 vs 3.62 pg/mL; P=.025). At birth, the offspring of nulliparous women were on average 340 g (P=.013) and 0.69 standard deviation scores (P=.026) lighter than those born of multiparous women. Cord blood data showed lower insulin-like growth factor-II (P=.026) and higher IGF binding protein-1 (P=.002) levels in the offspring of nulliparous women. In addition, a less favourable metabolic profile was observed in the offspring of nulliparous women, as indicated by higher triglyceride (P<.001) and interleukin-6 (P=.039) concentrations.Conclusions: Infants born of nulliparous overweight and obese women appear to be exposed to a less favourable metabolic environment in utero, with evidence of subtle adverse metabolic outcomes at birth compared to infants of overweight/obese multiparous women.
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| 7. |
- Vesey, Renuka M., et al.
(författare)
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Safety, feasibility and efficacy of side-alternating vibration therapy on bone and muscle health in children and adolescents with musculoskeletal disorders : A pilot trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. - : WILEY. - 1034-4810 .- 1440-1754. ; 56:8, s. 1257-1262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims A pilot study was performed to establish the safety, feasibility and efficacy of vibration therapy (VT) on bone and muscle health in children and adolescents with a range of musculoskeletal disorders. Methods Seventeen participants (15.7 years +/- 2.9 years), with conditions that impacted on their musculoskeletal health, completed 20 weeks of side-alternating VT for 9 min/session, 4 times/week at 20 Hz. Data were collected at baseline and after 20 weeks of intervention. Assessments included whole-body dual-energyX-ray absorptiometry, muscle function (force plate) and 6-min walk test. Results Compliance with the prescribed VT training protocol was relatively high overall at 78% and there were no adverse events reported. After 20 weeks intervention, functional assessments showed time taken to perform the chair test was reduced by 15% (P = 0.018), leg balance improved with standard ellipse area decreasing by 88% (P = 0.006) and distance walked in the 6-min walk test improved by 9% (P = 0.002). Participants displayed increased total body mass (1.94 kg; P = 0.018) with increased lean mass (1.20 kg; P = 0.019) but not fat mass (P = 0.19). There was no change in total body bone mineral density (P = 0.44) or bone mineral content (P = 0.07). Conclusions Twenty weeks of side-alternating VT was a feasible protocol that was associated with improvements in physical function and no detrimental effects on lean mass, bone mass or density in children and adolescents with musculoskeletal disorders.
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