| 1. |
- Dahl Schlanbusch, Reidun, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences with LCA in the Nordic Building Industry – Challenges, Needs and Solutions
- 2016
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 96, s. 82-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- “NORNET - Innovative use of LCA in the development of sustainable building and refurbishment strategies” is a Nordic network aiming at extended and improved use of LCA in the Nordic building sector. The NORNET LCA network has studied the challenges and needs of the Nordic building industry in the development in Building Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The study applied a semi-structured interview technique with 57 interviewees from the Danish, Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish building sector. The study was conducted using a combination of in-depth phone interviews, email interviews and an online multiple-choice questionnaire. The interviewees represented different stakeholders in the Nordic building industry with varying knowledge of LCA, including building product manufacturers, entrepreneurs, building owners, architects, consultants, organizations and research institutes. The interviewees emphasized the need for a better understanding of the relative significance of different factors and building parts and the need to refine and harmonize the existing building LCA tools and databases. The results from this study provides valuable insight in how the Nordic Building Industry experiences the use of LCA. The results also raises awareness of the issues that are needed to be addressed in order for the industry to accelerate and expand the application of LCA in the near future.
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| 2. |
- Liljenström, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle assessment as decision-support in choice of road corridor: case study and stakeholder perspectives
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The possibilities to influence environmental impacts during the road life cycle are greatest in early planning; however, the lack of project specific data makes it difficult to use life cycle assessment as decision-support. This paper examines how life cycle assessment can be used to support the choice of road corridor, considering the practical prerequisit of simplicity and usefulness of results for decision-making. The model LICCER was used to quantify life cycle impacts of road corridors in a construction project in Sweden. Availability of input data and usefulness of results was discussed with road authorities in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. Traffic operation contributed most to life cycle impacts in all road corridors, thus the shortest construction alternative had the lowest life cycle impacts. However, the shortest alternative had the highest infrastructure related impacts due to large quantities of earthworks. Parameters that had the highest influence on results were those that affected the impacts of traffic, earthworks, and pavement. While workshop participants agreed that project specific data are scarce and uncertain in early planning, they also believed that planners can make satisfactory estimations and that the model output is useful to support the choice of road corridor. To balance simplicity and usefulness of results, data collection should focus on parameters that have high contribution to environmental impacts, that differentiate the road corridors, and are not proportional to the road length. To implement life cycle assessment in practice, models should preferably include nation specific data approved by the national road authority.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Malmqvist, Tove, et al.
(författare)
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Design and construction strategies for reducing embodied impacts from buildings - Case study analysis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178. ; 166, s. 35-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dominance of operational energy and related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of most existing buildings is decreasing in new construction, when primary fossil energy of building operation decreases as result of the implementation of energy efficiency measures as well as a decarbonisation of national energy mixes. Stakeholders therefore have a growing interest in understanding the possibilities for reducing embodied impacts in buildings. In the LEA EBC project 'Annex 57' a broad call for case studies was launched with the aim to identify design strategies for reducing embodied energy and GHG emissions (EEG) from buildings. The aim of this paper is to identify and provide a collected and comprehensive overview of quantitative reduction potentials of the particular EEG reduction strategies which should be considered by the stakeholders engaged in, and with the capacity to influence the outcome of, individual building projects. This is done by a systematic analysis of the Annex 57 case study collection as well as additional scientific literature. While it should be noted that the actual EEG savings at building level illustrated in this collection of studies are only applicable to each specific case, importantly this multiple cross-case analysis has provided rigorous evidence of the considerable potential to reduce embodied impacts in the design and construction of new and refurbished buildings.
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| 5. |
- Malmqvist, Tove, et al.
(författare)
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Design strategies for low embodied energy and greenhouse gases in buildings : analyses of the IEA Annex 57 case studies
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the World Sustainable Building Conference, SB14, Barcelona, October 28-30, 2014..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper introduces the IEA Annex 57 case study method, consisting of a format fordescribing individual case studies and an evaluation matrix covering all case studies. Samplecase studies are used to illustrate the method and the evaluation matrix through a firstpreliminary analysis. In compiling and evaluation existing, transparent case studies we havetaken a stakeholder perspective. By so doing it is intended to identify fordecision makers thekey issues affecting EE/EC in buildings. Analysis in this paper focuses on one of the six casestudy themes, building design strategies for EE/EC mitigation and references cases coveringe.g. material selection, building shape, construction stage strategies and strategies to handlethe trade-off between embodied and operational impacts in net-zero emission building design.
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| 6. |
- Miliutenko, Sofiia, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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CONSIDERATION OF LIFE CYCLE ENERGY USE AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING PROCESSES: EXAMPLES OF SWEDEN, NORWAY, DENMARK AND THE NETHERLANDS
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management. - 1464-3332 .- 1757-5605. ; 16:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with life cycle stages of roadinfrastructure are currently rarely assessed during road infrastructure planning. This studyexamines the road infrastructure planning process, with emphasis on its use of EnvironmentalAssessments (EA), and identifies when and how Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) canbe integrated in the early planning stages for supporting decisions such as choice of roadcorridor. Road infrastructure planning processes are compared for four European countries(Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and the Netherlands).The results show that only Norway has a formalised way of using LCA during choiceof road corridor. Only the Netherlands has a requirement for using LCA in the laterprocurement stage. It is concluded that during the early stages of planning, LCA could beintegrated as part of an EA, as a separate process or as part of a Cost-Benefit Analysis.
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| 7. |
- Miliutenko, Sofiia, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle impacts during early stages of road infrastructure planning : a case study in Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: Transport Research Arena (TRA) 2014 Proceedings.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Road infrastructure has effects on the environment throughout all of its life cycle phases: construction,maintenance, operation and end-of-life. It has been observed, however, that these life cycle impacts are notusually considered during early stages of road infrastructure planning (i.e. decisions on road corridor).The recently developed LICCER tool enables assessment of road corridor alternatives during early stages of roadinfrastructure planning. It includes input data for roads, bridges and tunnels. It also considers future emissionsfrom traffic. The life cycle impact categories covered are energy use and contribution to climate change.The developed tool is being tested in a case study. Construction of a specific road in Sweden was used todemonstrate how the model is able to show differences between road corridor alternatives. Sensitivity analysiswas applied to show the robustness of its results.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Moncaster, Alice M., et al.
(författare)
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Widening understanding of low embodied impact buildings : Results and recommendations from 80 multi-national quantitative and qualitative case studies
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 235, s. 378-393
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper publishes the results from a major five year International Energy Agency research project which investigated the reduction of embodied energy and greenhouse gas emissions over the whole life ('cradle to grave') of buildings. Annex 57 collated and analysed over 80 detailed quantitative and qualitative building case studies from the participating nations. For many years the multiple variations in methodological approach of case studies to assess the whole life embodied impacts of buildings have presented a major challenge for politicians and other decision makers. Any real change in design and construction practice has also proved elusive. This paper describes a modified research synthesis and meta analysis as a novel and valid method for drawing meaningful conclusions from large sets of significantly diverse studies. The quantitative analyses consider embodied impacts of the product stage, replacement, and end of life stages, of new and refurbished buildings, and of different building assemblies and construction materials. The product stage is shown to dominate in most cases, with the median value around two thirds of the whole life embodied impacts, with replacements the next highest with a median figure of around 25%; however replacements in five studies were over 50% of the whole life impacts. It should be noted that several life cycle stages are still missing from these studies. The case studies included eleven refurbishment projects, in which energy efficient measures and low carbon technologies were retrofitted to existing buildings; for these projects the median product stage impact was found to be just under half that for the new build projects. While further research is required to compare the operational energy use in the new and refurbished buildings, this suggests that such energy refurbishments have a significantly lower impact than new buildings. Several other studies considered the impacts from technical equipment and internal fixtures and fittings, both frequently excluded, and demonstrated that they can be responsible for up to 45% of the whole life embodied greenhouse gases and up to 48% of the whole life embodied energy. Finally, the paper combines the analysis of the quantitative case studies with that of qualitative studies, to explore the impact of contextual factors at both policy and project level in significantly reducing the embodied environmental impacts of buildings. The case studies have shown that planning authorities, major clients, developers, and individual designers, can all play an important role in reducing embodied impacts through encouraging innovation. The paper concludes with recommendations for policy makers, designers and LCA modelers which will support and effect real reductions in the whole life embodied impacts of buildings. rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Ramirez Villegas, Ricardo, 1981-
(författare)
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Energy efficient renovation in a life cycle perspective : A case study of a Swedish multifamily-building
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Energy use in the European Union is increasing. At the same time, it is estimated that by the year 2050 most of the EU population will be living in currently existing buildings. Some of these buildings are or will be in need of renovation, and they have identified a target to reduce overall energy use. The urgency of climate change also makes it highly relevant and important to improve buildings resource and energy efficiency. This thesis aims to explain how different proposed energy efficient renovation strategies affect the energy use at different system levels, the potential environmental impacts of these alternatives, how they are connected to economic impacts and the implications of using a commercial LCA software to answer these questions from a research perspective.In order to answer the questions above, the effect of different renovation strategies were studied by combining building energy simulations, energy system simulations, a building environmental assessment tool, life cycle assessment and life cycle cost calculations. These tools are used in order to provide an overview of how the different renovation strategies affect the production of district heating, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the environmental and economic performance of the building.The results show that the selected renovation strategies reduce energy use by decreasing transmission losses, while reducing the total amount of purchased energy by using solar energy or by changing energy carriers. These different approaches have the potential to reduce the environmental impact, mainly by reducing global warming potential, acidification potential and eutrophication potential and to some extent abiotic depletion potential. However, when changing energy carriers there is a burden shift to radioactive waste disposed. When the economic aspects are analyzed, it is shown that there is no simple correlation between financial and environmental impacts.To analyze a building from a life cycle perspective can help to identify the advantages and disadvantages of energy efficient renovation from the building owner’s perspective as well as from a societal perspective. Applying a life cycle perspective is therefore important for building owners, building companies and practitioners as well for policy makers to avoid suboptimisation.
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