| 1. |
- Aevarsson, Arnthór, et al.
(författare)
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Going to extremes - a metagenomic journey into the dark matter of life
- 2021
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Ingår i: FEMS Microbiology Letters. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1574-6968. ; 368:12
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Virus-X-Viral Metagenomics for Innovation Value-project was a scientific expedition to explore and exploit uncharted territory of genetic diversity in extreme natural environments such as geothermal hot springs and deep-sea ocean ecosystems. Specifically, the project was set to analyse and exploit viral metagenomes with the ultimate goal of developing new gene products with high innovation value for applications in biotechnology, pharmaceutical, medical, and the life science sectors. Viral gene pool analysis is also essential to obtain fundamental insight into ecosystem dynamics and to investigate how viruses influence the evolution of microbes and multicellular organisms. The Virus-X Consortium, established in 2016, included experts from eight European countries. The unique approach based on high throughput bioinformatics technologies combined with structural and functional studies resulted in the development of a biodiscovery pipeline of significant capacity and scale. The activities within the Virus-X consortium cover the entire range from bioprospecting and methods development in bioinformatics to protein production and characterisation, with the final goal of translating our results into new products for the bioeconomy. The significant impact the consortium made in all of these areas was possible due to the successful cooperation between expert teams that worked together to solve a complex scientific problem using state-of-the-art technologies as well as developing novel tools to explore the virosphere, widely considered as the last great frontier of life.
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| 2. |
- Ahlberg, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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"Vi klimatforskare stödjer Greta och skolungdomarna"
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 15/3. Sedan industrialiseringens början har vi använt omkring fyra femtedelar av den mängd fossilt kol som får förbrännas för att vi ska klara Parisavtalet. Vi har bara en femtedel kvar och det är bråttom att kraftigt reducera utsläppen. Det har Greta Thunberg och de strejkande ungdomarna förstått. Därför stödjer vi deras krav, skriver 270 klimatforskare.
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| 3. |
- Ahmadi, Zainab, et al.
(författare)
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Smoking and home oxygen therapy : a review and consensus statement from a multidisciplinary Swedish taskforce
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Review. - : European Respiratory Society. - 0905-9180 .- 1600-0617. ; 33:171
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Home oxygen therapy (HOT) improves survival in patients with hypoxaemic chronic respiratory disease. Most patients evaluated for HOT are former or active smokers. Oxygen accelerates combustion and smoking may increase the risk of burn injuries and fire hazards; therefore, it is considered a contraindication for HOT in many countries. However, there is variability in the practices and policies regarding this matter. This multidisciplinary Swedish taskforce aimed to review the potential benefits and risks of smoking in relation to HOT, including medical, practical, legal and ethical considerations.Methods: The taskforce of the Swedish Respiratory Society comprises 15 members across respiratory medicine, nursing, medical law and ethics. HOT effectiveness and adverse risks related to smoking, as well as practical, legal and ethical considerations, were reviewed, resulting in five general questions and four PICO (population–intervention–comparator–outcome) questions. The strength of each recommendation was rated according to the GRADE (grading of recommendation assessment, development and evaluation) methodology.Results: General questions about the practical, legal and ethical aspects of HOT were discussed and summarised in the document. The PICO questions resulted in recommendations about assessment, management and follow-up of smoking when considering HOT, if HOT should be offered to people that meet the eligibility criteria but who continue to smoke, if a specific length of time of smoking cessation should be considered before assessing eligibility for HOT, and identification of areas for further research.Conclusions: Multiple factors need to be considered in the benefit/risk evaluation of HOT in active smokers. A systematic approach is suggested to guide healthcare professionals in evaluating HOT in relation to smoking.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Björk Werner, Josefin, et al.
(författare)
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Factors Influencing Need for Late ASD Closure after Neonatal Repair of Severe Pulmonary Valve Obstruction and Intact Ventricular Septum
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cardiology in the Young. - 1467-1107. ; 28:S1, s. 151-151
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In neonates with critical pulmonary stenosis (CPS) or pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PAIVS), a nonrestrictive atrial septal defect (ASD) has been speculated to improve the initial clinical course after pulmonary valvotomy (PV) but some concerns exist in terms of its potentially longterm adverse effect on the right ventricle`s (RV) growth and persistent desaturation due to right-to-left (R-L) shunt. Objective: to assess the relationship between the size of ASD and the need for post-valvotomy reinterventions. Method: Patients with PAIVS and CPS treated at our center during 2001- 2015 were reviewed. Exclusion criteria were associated cardiac malformations and hypoplastic RV deemed unsuitable for biventricular circulation. Clinical and echocardiographic data were retrieved from the hospital ́s databases. Results: In total, 48 patients (18 with PAIVS and 30 CPS) were included. The median follow-up was 5 and 8 years, respectively. One patient with PAIVS died on day 3 after surgical valvotomy and Blalock- Taussig shunt (BTs). The majority (89%) of patients with PAIVS had surgical valvotomy whereas transcatheter valvotomy was used in the majority (87%) of patients with CPS. Palliation with BTs or PDA stenting was used in 13 (72%) patients with PAIVS and in 4 (13%) patients with CPS. Reintervention within 1 month after initial repair was needed in 4 (22%) patients with PAIVS and in 4 (13%) patients with CPS. Later reinterventions were performed in in 11(61%) patients with PAIVS and in 10(33%) patients with CPS. Of these, 7 (39%) patients with PAIVS and 5 (17%) with CPS underwent ASD closure due to persistent resting desaturation. The latter did not correlate with ASD size after valvotomy (p>0.1). Initial palliation with BTs was the only variable associated with ASD device closure (p=0.04). No patient required univentricular conversion. Conclusion: Neonatal biventricular repair for severe pulmonary valve obstruction has low mortality but significant need for late reinterventions, mostly consisting of ASD closure due to clinically significant desaturation secondary to R-L shunt. The use of aorto-pulmonary shunt, probably illustrating a more severe form of RV hypoplasia, but not the size of the ASD, predicts the need for later ASD closure due to desaturation.
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| 6. |
- Björk Werner, Josefin, et al.
(författare)
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Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas - outcome following different modes of treatment
- 2011
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Ingår i: Annals of Gastroenterology. - 1108-7471. ; 24:3, s. 213-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Mucinous cystadenocarcinomas (MCAC) of the pancreas are rare tumors. When localized to the pancreas alone, surgical resection is mostly associated with a favorable prognosis. The potential value of palliative treatment with chemotherapy for irresectable disease is scarcely described though. The aim of this study was to describe a single-center series of patients with MCAC of the pancreas focusing on the outcome following different treatment strategies.METHODS: 15 patients, 10 females and 5 males, with histologically or cytologically verified MCAC, were divided into three groups: surgical resection (n=7), chemotherapy (n=5) and no treatment (n=3).RESULTS: There was no obvious difference in gender distribution between the subgroups. A tendency towards higher age was seen in the group without treatment, as was a larger tumor size as compared to the chemotherapy group. Patients were administered chemotherapy and the group without treatment seemed to present with the same prevalence of metastatic disease (3/5 and 2/3, respectively). All patients in the group without treatment died after in median 1 month following pathological diagnosis. One patient in the chemotherapy group was alive at 9-month follow up, and the others survived a median of 11 months. In the surgically treated group, 4/7 were alive at follow-up of a median of 154 months. Of the three deceased patients who had survived 44, 53 and 151 months, respectively, two had microscopically non-radical resection.CONCLUSIONS: MCAC of the pancreas is, when locally confined and without metastases, associated with fairly good prognosis after surgical resection. In inoperable patients and for metastatic disease, outcome is poor.
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| 7. |
- Edvik, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Credence in the Organization's Ability to Respond to Change : Implications on Work Engagement and Job Satisfaction in the Church of Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As part of society, religious organizations are exposed to contextual conditions and challenges. However, adapting to external conditions is an act of balance since too much compromising may risk having a negative effect on employees' perception of organizational authenticity and, in turn, employees' well-being and attitudes toward work. In this study, we examined how specific characteristics of the work, in terms of job demands (role conflict and emotional demands) and job resources (influence at work and social community at work), as well as employees' credence in the organization's ability to respond to change, relate to employee well-being within the Church of Sweden. In total 2,112 employees (58% participation rate) answered a web-based survey. The results of regression analyses showed that job resources and credence in the organization's ability to respond to change provided a clear contribution to the explanation of variance in work engagement and, especially, job satisfaction. However, the contribution of job demands was less clear. Moreover, to further the understanding of the association between employees' credence in the organization's ability to respond to change and employee well-being, the mediating effect of job resources was tested. The results showed that the association between credence and well-being is in part mediated by job resources. In sum, the study demonstrate that employees' credence in the organization's ability to respond to change is important to consider for understanding employee well-being within religious organizations. In conclusion, our study suggest that organizations that are built up on strong values and institutionalized beliefs, such as religious and faith-based organizations, need to tread carefully in the process of adapting to conformal pressure for change. This, since the actions and choices of the organization are important for employees' credence in the organization and, in turn, employee well-being. Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.
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| 8. |
- Holm, Kristoffer, et al.
(författare)
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Testing the effects of an intervention aimed to increase civility in Swedish workplaces
- 2023
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Ingår i: The future is now - the changing world of work.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research goals and why the work was worth doingOver the past two decades, research has demonstrated that workplace incivility is a ubiquitous work environment issue, which can have deleterious consequences for both individuals and organizations (Schilpzand et al., 2016; Cortina et al., 2017). Workplace incivility refers to low-intensity rude behavior in the workplace (Andersson & Pearson, 1999). The effects of incivility can be far-reaching, as it may spread in the workplace (Foulk et al., 2016; Holm et al., 2021). One promising avenue to address incivility has been the use of civility interventions. Actively promoting civility in the workplace may reduce the risk for incivility, and increase civility and respect (Leiter et al., 2011; 2012). However, recent research has shown less consistent results of civility interventions when applied in other cultural contexts than North America (e.g., Sawada et al., 2021), or in other workplaces than hospitals (e.g., Grantham, 2019). More information is therefore needed on the effects of implementing civility interventions in the workplace, particularly exploring mechanisms and moderators in the intervention process. The aim of the present study is to test the effects of an intervention aimed to increase civility in Swedish workplaces. Theoretical backgroundThe present study is based on the principles developed in the Civility, Respect and Engagement in the Workplace (CREW) intervention (Osatuke et al., 2013). CREW was developed by the United States Department of Veteran Affairs in 2005. CREW was a culture-based workplace intervention promoting civility in the workplace in the departments’ VA-hospitals, with documented successful outcomes (Osatuke et al., 2009). Two research studies tested the effect of the CREW intervention in hospitals in North America, showing both short- and long-term effects of the intervention on workplace behavior, attitudes, and absence (Leiter et al., 2011; 2012). However, little is still known about how civility interventions operate in other contexts than hospitals, and which mechanisms or boundary conditions that influence the impact of civility interventions. Design/Methodology/Approach/InterventionThe present study has a quasi-experimental waitlist-control design. Participating workplaces are assigned to one of two conditions, an intervention condition or waitlist. The intervention group participates in a series of monthly workshops during the period of September 2022 – January 2023. The workshops address topics such as workplace culture, with the aim to promote workplace civility and reduce the risk of workplace incivility. The waitlist serves as the control group. Pre- and post-surveys are conducted to investigate possible effects of the intervention on measures of workplace (in)civility, norms for civility, social work environment factors, as well as work-related well-being. Results (expected)Baseline survey data have currently been gathered from about 200 individuals across 13 workplaces in a Swedish municipality. The intervention group is currently undergoing the workshop series. The follow up post-survey is planned for January of 2023. When post-measures have been completed, possible change in measures of workplace civility, norms for civility, and workplace incivility will be explored. Change in social work environment factors, as well as work-related well-being, will also be explored. The intervention is expected to result in increased civility and norms for civility, as well as reduced incivility over time. LimitationsWorkplaces were not assigned to the intervention or control condition via cluster randomization. Instead, it was based on practical aspects such as feasibility and scheduling in the participating organizations. Moreover, the follow-up measure is carried out only a few weeks after completion of the final workshop. Possible effects on behavior or well-being may take longer time to develop. Lastly, the measures are self-reported by participants. Conclusions – research and or practical implications/Originality/ValueResults from the post-measure surveys will be presented at the congress. The originality of the project lies in exploring the effects of an updated version of a civility intervention, in a context outside of hospital settings in North America. The study will also provide information about potential mechanisms and moderators involved in the intervention process. Practically, the knowledge that results from the study could be of use in future attempts to improve the social work environment in workplaces by working with the workplace culture. Relevance to the Congress ThemeThe study is relevant to several of the congress themes, e.g. 6. Group dynamics, 8. Organizational design and development, 15. Stress and dysfunction, and 18. Well-being. Relevant UN SDGsGoal 3. Good health and well-beingGoal 8. Decent work and economic growth
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| 9. |
- Liu, Dongbin, et al.
(författare)
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Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas: diagnosis and management.
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepathology. - 1473-5687. ; 22:9, s. 1029-1038
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), characterized by intraductal papillary growth and thick mucin secretion, have increasingly been recognized. Despite modern preoperative evaluation, major difficulties still remain in distinguishing malignant invasive types from benign IPMNs. Following a PubMed database search, all relevant abstracts and articles on IPMN published in English and Chinese were reviewed. Main-duct and the mixed type IPMNs carry a higher risk of malignancy as compared with branch-duct type IPMNs. Treatment of branch-duct type IPMNs remains controversial. Once operation is indicated, intraoperative frozen section of margins plays an important role in the decision concerning the extent and type of surgery. Pancreatectomy, partly preserving both endocrine and exocrine pancreatic function, is advocated for most patients with IPMN, though total pancreatectomy may be necessary in some. Both for patients subjected to surgery and those only observed, IPMN patients need regular close follow-up to identify recurrence or progressive disease.
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| 10. |
- Pearson, Kevin, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood tuberous sclerosis complex in southern Sweden: A paradigm shift in diagnosis and treatment.
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Pediatrics. - 1471-2431. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimTo investigate the complete clinical spectrum of individuals with paediatric tuberous sclerosis complex in southern Sweden and explore changes over time.MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, 52 individuals aged up to 18 years at the study start were followed-up at regional hospitals and centres for habilitation from 2000 to 2020.ResultsCardiac rhabdomyoma was detected prenatally/neonatally in 69.2% of the subjects born during the latest ten years of the study period. Epilepsy was diagnosed in 82.7% of subjects, and 10 (19%) were treated with everolimus, mainly (80%) for a neurological indication. Renal cysts were detected in 53%, angiomyolipomas in 47%, astrocytic hamartomas in 28% of the individuals. There was a paucity of standardized follow-up of cardiac, renal, and ophthalmological manifestations and no structured transition to adult care.ConclusionOur in-depth analysis shows a clear shift towards an earlier diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex in the latter part of the study period, where more than 60% of cases showed evidence of this condition already in utero due to the presence of a cardiac rhabdomyoma. This allows for preventive treatment of epilepsy with vigabatrin and early intervention with everolimus for potential mitigation of other symptoms of tuberous sclerosis complex.
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