| 1. |
- Björkelund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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On the Integration of Skilled Robot Motions for Productivity in Manufacturing
- 2011
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Ingår i: IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Manufacturing (ISAM), 2011. - 9781612843438 - 9781612843421 ; , s. 1-9
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Robots used in manufacturing today are tailored to their tasks by system integration based on expert knowledge concerning both production and machine control. For upcoming new generations of even more flexible robot solutions, in applications such as dexterous assembly, the robot setup and programming gets even more challenging. Reuse of solutions in terms of parameters, controls, process tuning, and of software modules in general then gets increasingly important. There has been valuable progress within reuse of automation solutions when machines comply with standards and behave according to nominal models. However, more flexible robots with sensor-based manipulation skills and congnitive functions for human inteaction are far too complex to manage, and solutions are rarely reusable since knowledge is either implicit in imperative software or not captured in machine readable form. We propose techniques that build on existing knowledge by converting structured data into an RDF-based knowledge base. By enhancements of industrial control systems and available engineering tools, such knowledge can be gradually extended as part of the interaction during the definition of the robot task.
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| 2. |
- Olsson, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Factors important for health-related quality of life in men and women : The population based SCAPIS study
- 2023
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 18:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionHealth-related quality of life (HRQoL) is essential for human wellbeing, influenced by a complex interplay of factors, and is reported lower in women than men. We aimed to evaluate which factors were the most important for HRQoL in a middle-aged general population.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, multi-centre study of 29,212 men (48%) and women (52%) aged 50-64 in the general population in Sweden. Physical and mental HRQoL (0-100) was assessed using the Short Form 12 questionnaire, and association was evaluated for 356 variables including demographics, lifestyle, symptoms, physiological measurements, and health conditions. Using machine learning, each variable ' s importance for HRQoL was measured by an importance score, comparable to effect size, and summarised in 54 factors, in men and women separately.ResultsMen and women had similar mean and standard deviation (SD) scores for physical HRQoL (53.4 [SD 8.1] vs 51.4 [9.7]) and mental HRQoL (37.1 [5.0] vs 37.3 [5.4]). The most important factors for physical HRQoL were (importance score) physical activity (40), employment (36), pain (33), sleep (33), and sense of control (26). The most important factors for mental HRQoL were sense of control (18), physical activity (12), depression (12), pain (6), and employment (5).ConclusionsThe factors important for HRQoL identified by this study are likely to be amenable to interventions, and our findings can support prioritising interventions. The identified factors need to be a target even before middle-age to lay the foundation for long and happy lives.
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| 3. |
- Olsson, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Factors most strongly associated with breathlessness in a population aged 50-64 years
- 2024
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Ingår i: ERJ Open Research. - : European Respiratory Society. - 2312-0541. ; 10:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Breathlessness is a troublesome and prevalent symptom in the population, but knowledge of related factors is scarce. The aim of this study was to identify the factors most strongly associated with breathlessness in the general population and to describe the shapes of the associations between the main factors and breathlessness.METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was carried out of the multicentre population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) of adults aged 50 to 64 years. Breathlessness was defined as a modified Medical Research Council breathlessness rating ≥2. The machine learning algorithm extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) was used to classify participants as either breathless or nonbreathless using 449 factors, including physiological measurements, blood samples, computed tomography cardiac and lung measurements, lifestyle, health conditions and socioeconomics. The strength of the associations between the factors and breathlessness were measured by SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), with higher scores reflecting stronger associations.RESULTS: A total of 28 730 participants (52% women) were included in the study. The strongest associated factors for breathlessness were (in order of magnitude): body mass index ( SHAP score 0.39), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (0.32), physical activity measured by accelerometery (0.27), sleep apnoea (0.22), diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (0.21), self-reported physical activity (0.17), chest pain when hurrying (0.17), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (0.17), recent weight change (0.14) and cough (0.13).CONCLUSION: This large population-based study of men and women aged 50-64 years identified the main factors related to breathlessness that may be prevented or amenable to public health interventions.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- André, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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The prevalence of clinically relevant delayed intracranial hemorrhage in head trauma patients treated with oral anticoagulants is very low: a retrospective cohort register study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - 1757-7241. ; 32, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundCurrent guidelines from Scandinavian Neuro Committee mandate a 24-hour observation for head trauma patients on anticoagulants, even with normal initial head CT scans, as a means not to miss delayed intracranial hemorrhages. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, and time to diagnosis, of clinically relevant delayed intracranial hemorrhage in head trauma patients treated with oral anticoagulants.MethodUtilizing comprehensive two-year data from Region Skåne’s emergency departments, which serve a population of 1.3 million inhabitants, this study focused on adult head trauma patients prescribed oral anticoagulants. We identified those with intracranial hemorrhage within 30 days, defining delayed intracranial hemorrhage as a bleeding not apparent on their initial CT head scan. These cases were further defined as clinically relevant if associated with mortality, any intensive care unit admission, or neurosurgery.ResultsOut of the included 2,362 head injury cases (median age 84, 56% on a direct acting oral anticoagulant), five developed delayed intracranial hemorrhages. None of these five cases underwent neurosurgery nor were admitted to an intensive care unit. Only two cases (0.08%, 95% confidence interval [0.01–0.3%]) were classified as clinically relevant, involving subdural hematomas in patients aged 82 and 87 years, who both subsequently died. The diagnosis of these delayed intracranial hemorrhages was made at 4 and 7 days following initial presentation to the emergency department.ConclusionIn patients with head trauma, on oral anticoagulation, the incidence of clinically relevant delayed intracranial hemorrhage was found to be less than one in a thousand, with detection occurring four days or later after initial presentation. This challenges the effectiveness of the 24-hour observation period recommended by the Scandinavian Neurotrauma Committee guidelines, suggesting a need to reassess these guidelines to optimise care and resource allocation.
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| 6. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 7. |
- Björkelund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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A high-performance syntactic and semantic dependency parser
- 2010
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. ; , s. 33-36
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This demonstration presents a highperformance syntactic and semantic dependency parser. The system consists of a pipeline of modules that carry out the tokenization, lemmatization, part-of-speech tagging, dependency parsing, and semantic role labeling of a sentence. The system’s two main components draw on improved versions of a state-of-the-art dependency parser (Bohnet, 2009) and semantic role labeler (Björkelund et al., 2009) developed independently by the authors. The system takes a sentence as input and produces a syntactic and semantic annotation using the CoNLL 2009 format. The processing time needed for a sentence typically ranges from 10 to 1000 milliseconds. The predicate–argument structures in the final output are visualized in the form of segments, which are more intuitive for a user.
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| 8. |
- Björkelund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Lexicalized Features for Coreference Resolution
- 2011
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Ingår i: CoNLL 2011 - 15th Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning: Shared Task, Proceedings. - 9781937284084 ; , s. 45-50
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we describe a coreference solver based on the extensive use of lexical features and features extracted from dependency graphs of the sentences. The solver uses Soon et al. (2001)'s classical resolution algorithm based on a pairwise classification of the mentions. We applied this solver to the closed track of the CoNLL 2011 shared task (Pradhan et al., 2011). We carried out a systematic optimization of the feature set using cross-validation that led us to retain 24 features. Using this set, we reached a MUC score of 58.61 on the test set of the shared task. We analyzed the impact of the features on the development set and we show the importance of lexicalization as well as of properties related to dependency links in coreference resolution.
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| 9. |
- Björkelund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge and Skill Representations for Robotized Production
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 18th IFAC World Congress, 2011. - 1474-6670. - 9783902661937 ; , s. 8999-9004
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Model-based systems in control are a means to utilize efficiently human knowledge and achieve high performance. While models consisting of formalized knowledge are used during the engineering step, running systems usually do not contain a high-level, symbolic representation of the control and most of its properties, typically named numerical parameters. On a system level and beyond the plant data, there is also a need to represent the meaning of the data such that deployment and fault analysis could be augmented with partly automated inference based on the semantics of the data. To that end, we extended the formalized knowledge traditionally used in control to include the control purpose, engineering assumption, quality, involved state machines, and so on. We then represented the control semantics in a format that allows an easier extraction of information using querying and reasoning. It aims at making knowledge in control engineering reusable so that it can be shipped together with the control systems. We implemented prototypes that include automatic conversion of plant data from AutomationML into RDF triples, as well as the automated extraction of control properties, the conversion of parameters, and their storage in the same triple store. Although these techniques are standard within the semantic web community, we believe that our robotic prototypes for semantic control represent a novel approach.
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| 10. |
- Björkelund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge for Intelligent Industrial Robots
- 2012
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Ingår i: AAAI Technical Report SS-12-02, Designing Intelligent Robots: Reintegrating AI. - 9781577355519 ; SS-12-02
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes an attempt to provide more intelligence to industrial robotics and automation systems. We develop an architecture to integrate disparate knowledge representations used in different places in robotics and automation. This knowledge integration framework, a possibly distributed entity, abstracts the components used in design or production as data sources, and provides a uniform access to them via standard interfaces. Representation is based on the ontology formalizing the process, product and resource triangle, where skills are considered the common element of the three. Production knowledge is being collected now and a preliminary version of KIF undergoes verification.
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