| 1. |
- Uhlén, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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A human protein atlas for normal and cancer tissues based on antibody proteomics
- 2005
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Ingår i: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. - 1535-9476 .- 1535-9484. ; 4:12, s. 1920-1932
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibody-based proteomics provides a powerful approach for the functional study of the human proteome involving the systematic generation of protein-specific affinity reagents. We used this strategy to construct a comprehensive, antibody-based protein atlas for expression and localization profiles in 48 normal human tissues and 20 different cancers. Here we report a new publicly available database containing, in the first version, similar to 400,000 high resolution images corresponding to more than 700 antibodies toward human proteins. Each image has been annotated by a certified pathologist to provide a knowledge base for functional studies and to allow queries about protein profiles in normal and disease tissues. Our results suggest it should be possible to extend this analysis to the majority of all human proteins thus providing a valuable tool for medical and biological research.
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| 2. |
- Adiyaman, Ahmet, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of the ambulatory arterial stiffness index in 7604 subjects from 6 populations
- 2008
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Ingår i: Hypertension. - 1524-4563. ; 52:6, s. 1038-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) is derived from 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure recordings. We investigated whether the goodness-of-fit of the AASI regression line in individual subjects (r(2)) impacts on the association of AASI with established determinants of the relation between diastolic and systolic blood pressures. We constructed the International Database on the Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Relation to Cardiovascular Outcomes (7604 participants from 6 countries). AASI was unity minus the regression slope of diastolic on systolic blood pressure in individual 24-hour ambulatory recordings. AASI correlated positively with age and 24-hour mean arterial pressure and negatively with body height and 24-hour heart rate. The single correlation coefficients and the mutually adjusted partial regression coefficients of AASI with age, height, 24-hour mean pressure, and 24-hour heart rate increased from the lowest to the highest quartile of r(2). These findings were consistent in dippers and nondippers (night:day ratio of systolic pressure >or=0.90), women and men, and in Europeans, Asians, and South Americans. The cumulative z score for the association of AASI with these determinants of the relation between diastolic and systolic blood pressures increased curvilinearly with r(2), with most of the improvement in the association occurring above the 20th percentile of r(2) (0.36). In conclusion, a better fit of the AASI regression line enhances the statistical power of analyses involving AASI as marker of arterial stiffness. An r(2) value of 0.36 might be a threshold in sensitivity analyses to improve the stratification of cardiovascular risk.
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| 3. |
- Alcoverro, Adrià, 1985-
(författare)
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The University and the Demand for Knowledge-based Growth : The hegemonic struggle for the future of Higher Education Institutions in Finland and Estonia
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent decades, Higher Education Institutions have been reformed worldwide so that they may exert a greater influence in the production of knowledge within Knowledge-based Economies (KBEs). This transformation is often explained in terms of how advanced capitalist economies need to secure a prosperous future within post-Fordist capitalism. These developments have occurred in Finnish and Estonian universities, which are conceived as spaces in which knowledge, technology and entrepreneurship are creatively combined in order to contribute to the realisation of a sustained economic growth. This process is understood as a totalising movement that intersects with existing relations of power and social hierarchies. In the study, a Gramscian framework is employed, in order to critically investigate, in two multidisciplinary university departments in Helsinki and Tallinn, the emergence, consolidation and reproduction of an order that is constituted by the contradictory relation between legitimating narratives, on the one hand, and the vertical implementation of policies, on the other. Methodologically, the study adopts a narrative analysis of a corpus of programmatic documents alongside work stories. Both parts of the study’s empirical material are explained and recontextualised within the wider global politico-economic system. The analyses presented in this study bring to light the existence of a fragile consent based on a vague horizon of hope and freedom consolidated at all levels, from the programmatic documents to the academic workforce.This vague horizon steers and legitimises market expansion through the circulation of an optimistic techno-centric narrative, expressed in the concept of solutionism, which serves to de-antagonise those tensions present in the territorialisation of market forces, by promising a future in which science, technology and entrepreneurship co-operate for the good of society. The study also reveals how the deployment of reforms is legitimised through recourse to the exceptional status that the meritocratic order has in academia. To understand how the market logic merges with academic exceptionalism, this increasingly “marketised” – or debauched meritocratic – order is analysed by re-defining some of Bourdieu's concepts. Solutionism and “debauched meritocracy” provide a set of middle-ranging concepts that connect to the larger Gramscian framework, with the purpose of completing the critical investigation into the university order and its apparently central place within the Knowledge-based economies and post-Fordist capitalism.
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| 4. |
- Asayama, Kei, et al.
(författare)
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Setting Thresholds to Varying Blood Pressure Monitoring Intervals Differentially Affects Risk Estimates Associated With White-Coat and Masked Hypertension in the Population
- 2014
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Ingår i: Hypertension. - 0194-911X .- 1524-4563. ; 64:5, s. 935-942
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Outcome-driven recommendations about time intervals during which ambulatory blood pressure should be measured to diagnose white-coat or masked hypertension are lacking. We cross-classified 8237 untreated participants (mean age, 50.7 years; 48.4% women) enrolled in 12 population studies, using >= 140/>= 90, >= 130/>= 80, >= 135/>= 85, and >= 120/>= 70 mm Hg as hypertension thresholds for conventional, 24-hour, daytime, and nighttime blood pressure. White-coat hypertension was hypertension on conventional measurement with ambulatory normotension, the opposite condition being masked hypertension. Intervals used for classification of participants were daytime, nighttime, and 24 hours, first considered separately, and next combined as 24 hours plus daytime or plus nighttime, or plus both. Depending on time intervals chosen, white-coat and masked hypertension frequencies ranged from 6.3% to 12.5% and from 9.7% to 19.6%, respectively. During 91 046 person-years, 729 participants experienced a cardiovascular event. In multivariable analyses with normotension during all intervals of the day as reference, hazard ratios associated with white-coat hypertension progressively weakened considering daytime only (1.38; P=0.033), nighttime only (1.43; P=0.0074), 24 hours only (1.21; P=0.20), 24 hours plus daytime (1.24; P=0.18), 24 hours plus nighttime (1.15; P=0.39), and 24 hours plus daytime and nighttime (1.16; P=0.41). The hazard ratios comparing masked hypertension with normotension were all significant (P<0.0001), ranging from 1.76 to 2.03. In conclusion, identification of truly low-risk white-coat hypertension requires setting thresholds simultaneously to 24 hours, daytime, and nighttime blood pressure. Although any time interval suffices to diagnose masked hypertension, as proposed in current guidelines, full 24-hour recordings remain standard in clinical practice.
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| 5. |
- Babst, F., et al.
(författare)
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When tree rings go global: Challenges and opportunities for retro- and prospective insight
- 2018
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Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791. ; 197, s. 1-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The demand for large-scale and long-term information on tree growth is increasing rapidly as environmental change research strives to quantify and forecast the impacts of continued warming on forest ecosystems. This demand, combined with the now quasi-global availability of tree-ring observations, has inspired researchers to compile large tree-ring networks to address continental or even global-scale research questions. However, these emergent spatial objectives contrast with paleo-oriented research ideas that have guided the development of many existing records. A series of challenges related to how, where, and when samples have been collected is complicating the transition of tree rings from a local to a global resource on the question of tree growth. Herein, we review possibilities to scale tree-ring data (A) from the sample to the whole tree, (B) from the tree to the site, and (C) from the site to larger spatial domains. Representative tree-ring sampling supported by creative statistical approaches is thereby key to robustly capture the heterogeneity of climate-growth responses across forested landscapes. We highlight the benefits of combining the temporal information embedded in tree rings with the spatial information offered by forest inventories and earth observations to quantify tree growth and its drivers. In addition, we show how the continued development of mechanistic tree-ring models can help address some of the non-linearities and feedbacks that complicate making inference from tree-ring data. By embracing scaling issues, the discipline of dendrochronology will greatly increase its contributions to assessing climate impacts on forests and support the development of adaptation strategies. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
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| 6. |
- Belfrage, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of farm size and on-farm landscape heterogeneity on biodiversity-case study of twelve farms in a swedish landscape
- 2015
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Ingår i: Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2168-3565 .- 2168-3573. ; 39:2, s. 170-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study in Sweden, six small (<50 ha) and six large farms (>135 ha) participated. The aims of the study were to a) measure differences between small and large farms regarding on-farm landscape heterogeneity, and b) evaluate relations between on-farm landscape heterogeneity and biodiversity, measured as numbers of breeding bird species, bird territories, butterflies, bumblebees, and herbaceous plant species. Sample area of the same size, placed on each farm, was used for the biodiversity assessments and on-farm landscape heterogeneity studies. On-farm landscape heterogeneity was classified with the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. Linear regression was applied to analyze relationships between on-farm landscape heterogeneity and biodiversity indicators. Multivariate regression was used to analyze relations between single bird species and specific on-farm habitats. Small farms had significantly higher on-farm landscape heterogeneity than large farms. Strong positive relations between on-farm landscape heterogeneity and number of breeding birds, butterflies, and herbaceous plant species were found. Total on-farm landscape heterogeneity seems to be more important for bird diversity than do specific landscape elements. The study indicates that, to increase biodiversity, farm size should be taken into consideration.
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| 7. |
- Björklund, Erik
(författare)
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Avoiding ageing : Surface degradation of commercial electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The battery market today expands rapidly, not least for electric vehicles. But to compete against the combustion engine, the cost of batteries must be reduced. After years of usage, the batteries degrade and need to be exchanged, increasing the cost over the vehicle lifecycle. This can be mitigated by tailoring the usage conditions and the battery materials. Understanding and avoiding ageing can be key to a more sustainable transport system. This thesis contains studies on degradation processes in Li-ion batteries utilizing the LiNixMnyCozO2 (NMC) cathode material, and suggests strategies for the improvement of battery life time.When cycling different negative electrodes – including graphite, lithium foil and lithium titanium oxide (LTO) – against NMC electrodes, only minor capacity fading was observed in the NMC-LTO and NMC-graphite cells, in contrast to the NMC-Li-metal cells. The capacity fading for Li-metal cells was determined to be caused by degradation products formed at the lithium foil which thereafter diffused to the NMC electrode, leading to a higher resistance. Commercial NMC/LiMn2O4-graphite cells were also investigated after cycling in limited state of charge (SOC)-intervals. The cycle life was far longer in the low-SOC cell than in the high-SOC cell. Photoelectron spectroscopy revealed increased manganese dissolution in the high-SOC cell, likely causing a less stable solid electrolyte interphase layer on the negative electrode. This, in turn, limits the capacity. How temperature influence ageing in NMC-LTO was analysed in cells cycled at -10 °C, 30 °C and 55 °C. It was found that the initial side reactions at the LTO electrode limited the cell capacity, but that these also stabilized the NMC electrode. At 55 °C, excessive side reactions at LTO caused capacity fading due to loss of active lithium. At -10 °C, high cell resistance limited the capacity. Switching to a PC based electrolyte allowed stable low temperature cycling, although it was found that PC degraded and formed thick electrode surface layers. Also sulfolane-based electrolytes were investigated, showing thinner surface layers than the EC containing reference electrolyte at high potentials, thus indicating a more stable electrolyte system.
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| 8. |
- Björklund, Erland, et al.
(författare)
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Förekomst av läkemedel och antibiotika i avloppsvattnet på Skånes Universitetssjukhus (SUS) i Lund
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under våren 2017 togs prover på avloppsvatten från Skånes Universitetssjukhus (SUS) i Lund i samarbete mellan Region Skåne och Högskolan Kristianstad (HKR). Totalt analyserades fyraprovpunkter med avseende på förekomst av 23 läkemedel, antibiotika och andra mikroföroreningar. De fyra provpunkterna var 1. Pumpgrop för uppsamling, 2. Onkologen, 3. Infektion samt 4. Avlopp från Centralblocket. Resultaten redovisas baserat på olika behandlingsfunktion, vilketinnefattar grupperna J - Antiinfektiva medel för systemiskt bruk, C - Hjärta och Kretslopp, N -Nervsystemet, M - Rörelseapparaten samt övriga ämnen. Resultaten visar att vissa läkemedelsläpps ut från SUS i högre koncentration jämfört med utgående avloppsvatten från ettreningsverk (se rapporten ”Läkemedelsutsläpp från Skånska avloppsreningsverk 2017” nedan). Noterbara ämnen är ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole och trimethoprim, samtligaantibiotika. Resultaten vi-sar också att olika avdelningar medicinerar sina patientgrupper olika och att avdelningarna därmed kan vara lokala punktkällor för vissa typer av antibiotika. Koncentrationen av läkemdelsrester i avloppsvattnet påverkas förstås också av den totala vattenanvändningen, som i sin tur är en konsekvens av antal anställda, antal patienter, antal toaletter och arbetsmetoder/vattenanvänd-ning per avloppsspunkt mm. De uppmätta halternavisar att det är önskvärt, i en uppföljande studie, att analysera och fastställa, företrädesvis för antibiotika, vilka andra preparat som används på SUS, och i vilken omfattning. Det är viktigt att poängtera att resultaten från denna undersökning kommer från ett provtagningstillfälle där provtagningen bestod av ett stickprov. En uppföljande studie behöver innehålla fler analystillfällen samt söka svar på om förekomsten av höga halter av antibiotika kan föranleda resistensutveckling i sjukhusens avloppssystem. Vidare behöver man undersöka vilka eventuella åtgärder som behöver vidtas, vid sjukhusen och/eller vid avloppsreningsverken, för att förhindra att höga halter av läkemedelsrester belastar vattenmiljön med dess djur och växtliv. Hänsyn måste då också tas inte bara till vilka ämnen som specifikt härrör från sjukhuset utan också i vilka mängder och i vilken omfattning de når reningsverket i aktiv form.
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| 9. |
- Björklund, Erland, et al.
(författare)
-
Förekomst av läkemedel och antibiotika i avloppsvattnet på Skånes Universitetssjukhus (SUS) i Lund
- 2019
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under våren 2017 togs prover på avloppsvatten från Skånes Universitetssjukhus (SUS) i Lund i samarbete mellan Region Skåne och Högskolan Kristianstad (HKR). Totalt analyserades fyraprovpunkter med avseende på förekomst av 23 läkemedel, antibiotika och andra mikroföroreningar. De fyra provpunkterna var 1. Pumpgrop för uppsamling, 2. Onkologen, 3. Infektion samt 4. Avlopp från Centralblocket. Resultaten redovisas baserat på olika behandlingsfunktion, vilketinnefattar grupperna J - Antiinfektiva medel för systemiskt bruk, C - Hjärta och Kretslopp, N -Nervsystemet, M - Rörelseapparaten samt övriga ämnen. Resultaten visar att vissa läkemedelsläpps ut från SUS i högre koncentration jämfört med utgående avloppsvatten från ettreningsverk (se rapporten ”Läkemedelsutsläpp från Skånska avloppsreningsverk 2017” nedan). Noterbara ämnen är ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole och trimethoprim, samtligaantibiotika. Resultaten vi-sar också att olika avdelningar medicinerar sina patientgrupper olika och att avdelningarna därmed kan vara lokala punktkällor för vissa typer av antibiotika. Koncentrationen av läkemdelsrester i avloppsvattnet påverkas förstås också av den totala vattenanvändningen, som i sin tur är en konsekvens av antal anställda, antal patienter, antal toaletter och arbetsmetoder/vattenanvänd-ning per avloppsspunkt mm. De uppmätta halternavisar att det är önskvärt, i en uppföljande studie, att analysera och fastställa, företrädesvis för antibiotika, vilka andra preparat som används på SUS, och i vilken omfattning. Det är viktigt att poängtera att resultaten från denna undersökning kommer från ett provtagningstillfälle där provtagningen bestod av ett stickprov. En uppföljande studie behöver innehålla fler analystillfällen samt söka svar på om förekomsten av höga halter av antibiotika kan föranleda resistensutveckling i sjukhusens avloppssystem. Vidare behöver man undersöka vilka eventuella åtgärder som behöver vidtas, vid sjukhusen och/eller vid avloppsreningsverken, för att förhindra att höga halter av läkemedelsrester belastar vattenmiljön med dess djur och växtliv. Hänsyn måste då också tas inte bara till vilka ämnen som specifikt härrör från sjukhuset utan också i vilka mängder och i vilken omfattning de når reningsverket i aktiv form.
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| 10. |
- Björklund, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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How the Negative Electrode Influences Interfacial and Electrochemical Properties of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 Cathodes in Li-Ion Batteries
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 164:13, s. A3054-A3059
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cycle life of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NMC) based cells are significantly influenced by the choice of the negative electrode. Electrochemical testing and post mortem surface analysis are here used to investigate NMC electrodes cycled vs. either Li-metal, graphite or Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) as negative electrodes. While NMC-LTO and NMC-graphite cells show small capacity fading over 200 cycles, NMC-Li-metal cell suffers from rapid capacity fading accompanied with an increased voltage hysteresis despite the almost unlimited access of lithium. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) results show that no structural degradation occurs on the positive electrode even after >200 cycles, however, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results shows that the composition of the surface layer formed on the NMC cathode in the NMC-Li-metal cell is largely different from that of the other NMC cathodes (cycled in the NMC-graphite or NMC-LTO cells). Furthermore, it is shown that the surface layer thickness on NMC increases with the number of cycles, caused by continuous electrolyte degradation products formed at the Li-metal negative electrode and then transferred to NMC positive electrode.
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