| 1. |
- Pei, Benyan, et al.
(författare)
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A thermodynamic assessment of the iron - Antimony system
- 1995
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Ingår i: Calphad. - 0364-5916 .- 1873-2984. ; 19:1, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A critical assessment of the Fe-Sb system was carried out by using a computerized technique. Both the liquid and solid solution phases were described by regular solution models. Nonstoichiometric phase, ε-FeSb, was modeled as (Fe)(Fe,Sb), and FeSb2 was treated as a stoichiometric compound. A set of parameters describing the Gibbs energies of the different phases was optimized by using the existing phase diagram information and thermodynamic properties under one atmosphere. Assessed phase diagram and thermodynamic data are presented and compared with experimental data.
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| 2. |
- Pei, Benyan, et al.
(författare)
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Thermodynamic assessment of the Cu-As system using an ionic two-sublattice model for the liquid phase
- 1994
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Metallkunde. - 0044-3093. ; 85:3, s. 178-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The thermodynamic properties and phase relations in the system Cu-As were assessed. The liquid phase was described using an ionic two-sublattice model. The terminal FCC copper solution was represented by a substitutional regular solution model. The nonstoichiometric phase, γ (Cu3As), was treated by a two-sublattice model, (Cu, Va)3As, with vacancies on the Cu sublattice. The other two intermetallic compounds, β (Cu 8As) and δ (Cu12As5), were treated as stoichiometric phases. A consistent set of thermodynamic parameters was derived using activity data and phase diagram information from the literature. Various thermodynamic properties and the phase diagram were calculated from the parameters. The calculated phase equilibria and activities of arsenic and copper in the liquid phase agree very well with the literature data.
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| 3. |
- Pei, Benyan, et al.
(författare)
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Thermodynamic assessment of the Fe-As system using an ionic two-sublattice model for the liquid phase
- 1994
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Metallkunde. - 0044-3093. ; 85:3, s. 171-177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phase diagram and thermodynamic data of the Fe-As system were critically assessed. Activities in the liquid phase and phase diagram information were used in the assessment. The liquid phase was represented by an ionic two-sublattice model. The terminal BCC and FCC solid solutions of arsenic in iron were described by a substitutional regular solution model. The nonstoichiometric compound, Fe3As2, was treated by a two-sublattice model, Fe(As, Va)0.75, with vacancies on the As sublattice. The other intermetallic compounds, Fe2As, FeAs, and FeAs2 were all considered as stoichiometric. Based on the assessed thermodynamic model parameters, the thermodynamic properties and the phase diagram were calculated and discussed. The calculated phase equilibria and component activities of the liquid phase agree very well with literature data.
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| 4. |
- Björkman, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Kinetics of Impurity Elimination During Roasting
- 1994
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Ingår i: Extraction and processing for the treatment and minimization of wastes, 1994. - Warrendale, Pa : Minerals, Metals & Materials Society. - 0873392612 ; , s. 825-842
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four different arsenic containing dusts from the Boliden plant, Boliden Mineral AB, Sweden have been examined. A kinetic study of the arsenic elimination was performed in a laboratory scale roasting furnace for roasting furnace ESP dust and smelting furnace ESP dust. Characterisation and thermodynamic calculations were carried out to determine the mineralogy, and the stability of compounds in the dusts studied. The characterisation methods used were chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and microprobe analysis. It was found in the experiments that a high degree of As elimination was obtained for roasting furnace ESP dust and a low degree for smelting furnace ESP dust. Derived kinetic models are given. A prediction of the As-elimination for settling furnace dust and converter ventilation dust is presented
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Eklund, Nicklas, et al.
(författare)
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Operation at High Pellet Ratio and Without External Slag Formers – Trials in an Experimental Blast Furnace
- 2009
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Ingår i: Steel Research International. - 1611-3683 .- 1869-344X. ; 80:6, s. 379-389, s. 379-384
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blast furnaces that operate with pellets and sinter normally use high basicity sinter and acid pellets to balance the slag chemistry. When external additives are used, irregular slag formation occurs due to their uneven distribution in the burden. If basic sinter is used together with a large amount of acid pellets, all additives are incorporated in the iron bearing materials with an improved burden mixture as a consequence. During a campaign in the LKAB Experimental Blast Furnace, pellets and sinter were operated at an ultra low slag volume. A high amount of pellets was balanced with high basicity sinter. An improved blast furnace operation is shown when operating at ultra low slag volume and without external slag formers. During the test period, the blast furnace operation was smooth and stable, and the reductant rate was decreased.
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| 8. |
- Eriksson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Utilisation of oily mill scale sludge as scrap resource
- 1999
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Ingår i: REWAS '99. ; , s. 1423-1430
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results of reduction trials of oily mill scale sludge. Laboratory experiments and two campaigns in a pilot plant rotary kiln have been carried out. The results indicate that it's possible to reduce oily mill scale sludge to sponge iron in the rotary kiln. The first pilot plant campaign was carried out with a mix of 75 wt-% mill scales and 25 wt-% mill scale sludge. During the second campaign 100 wt-% oily mill scale sludge were mixed with blast furnace flue dust and reduced. Petroleum coke has been used as the main reductant in both campaigns. Smelting trials of the sponge iron product have also been carried out in a production EAF. The sponge iron was charged into the scrap bin in big-bags. These trials showed that the degree of metallization of the sponge iron must be higher than 55% to avoid an increased iron oxide content in the slag, i.e. a low iron yield to the metal
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Ma, Ping, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental and theoretical study of the removal of sulphur and fluorine from pickling hydroxide sludge generated in the stainless steel industry
- 2005
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Ingår i: Global Symposium on Recycling, Waste Treatment, and Clean Technology (REWAS '04). - : Minerals, Metals & Materials Society. - 8495520060 ; , s. 2017-2026
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pickling hydroxide sludge (pickling sludge for short) generated in the stainless steel industry in Sweden is currently dumped in special landfill areas. After filtration the sludge contains 50-60 wt-% moisture. After drying at 120C it contains about 26 wt-% of metal oxides, such as Fe 2O3, NiO and Cr2O3 and 43 wt-% of CaF2. In order to facilitate the recycling of pickling sludge and/or to recover fluorine as an HF acid, different scale experimental studies to remove sulphur and/or fluorine directly from the sludge have been carried out. Theoretical thermodynamic calculation results show that the simultaneous removal of both sulphur and fluorine is possible when the temperature is above 1500°C under the oxidizing condition and in the presence of water vapour in the system. Experimental results show that the elimination degrees of sulphur and fluorine for pickling sludge can reach 99 wt-% and 84 wt-%, respectively. These results demonstrate that potentially feasible methods for removing sulphur and/or fluorine from the sludge have been found.
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