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- Björkman, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Insect Pests in Future Forests: More Severe Problems?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4907. ; 2, s. 474-485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract: A common concern is that damage by insects will increase in forests as a consequence of climate change. We are assessing the likelihood of this predicted outcome by examining how other factors (especially changes in forest management practices) may interact with effects of climate change. Here we describe the strategies for improving understanding of the causes of insect outbreaks and predicting the likelihood of insect-mediated damage increasing in the future. The adopted approaches are: (i) analyses of historical data, (ii) comparison of life history traits of outbreak and non-outbreak species, (iii) experiments along climatic gradients to quantify the strength of trophic interactions, and (iv) modeling. We conclude that collaboration by researchers from many disciplines is required to evaluate available data regarding the complex interactions involved, to identify knowledge gaps, and facilitate attempts to progress beyond speculation to more robust predictions concerning future levels of insect damage to forests
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- Björkman, Ida
(författare)
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A gender perspective on irritable bowel syndrome: symptoms, experiences and the development of a person-centred support intervention
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder which affects approximately ten percent of the world’s population and which is more prevalent among women than men. The hallmark symptoms of IBS are abdominal pain and disturbed bowel habits and a number of differences, for example in symptom profiles, between men and women with IBS have been reported. Only a smaller number of studies have explored the patients’ perspective on everyday life and health care encounters in IBS, and never from a gender perspective. The present thesis aimed to explore symptoms, experiences from daily life and health care encounters in IBS from a gender perspective, and to develop and in a pilot study evaluate a nurse-led intervention for IBS. A multimethod design was applied where questionnaires on self-reported health were combined with interviews with patients. Among 557 patients diagnosed with IBS it was found that there were more similarities than differences when men and women were compared. However, there was a pattern of difference disfavoring the women, especially regarding health related quality of life. An interview study including 19 patients revealed that the experience of living with IBS was gendered, meaning that social norms on masculinity and femininity affected the experience of symptoms. A subsequent qualitative study including 10 patients with severe IBS showed that their experiences of health care encounters were mostly negative and that they struggled to protect themselves from stigmatizing labeling. The findings from these studies were used in the systematic development of an intervention for person-centred support in IBS. The intervention, which was tested in a pilot study including 17 patients, was found to be feasible, appreciated by the participants, and efficient in reducing IBS symptom severity, whilst there were no significant changes for general self-efficacy or gastrointestinal-specific anxiety. This thesis contributes to the existing knowledge on IBS through adding a sociocultural per-spective on gender/sex and by introducing person-centred care as a viable part of the clinical management of the disorder.
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| 4. |
- Björkman, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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An Intervention for Person-Centered Support in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Development and Pilot Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Gastroenterology Nursing. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1042-895X. ; 42:4, s. 332-341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Irritable bowel syndrome is a common and often chronic functional bowel disorder that can cause severe disruption of daily functioning in those affected, with subsequent high healthcare utilization and work absenteeism. Nurses represent an underutilized group in the current management of irritable bowel syndrome. The aim of this study was to systematically develop a person-centered support intervention in irritable bowel syndrome and evaluate this in a pilot study. The development followed the revised framework for complex interventions from the Medical Research Council and involved literature reviews and multiprofessional expert groups. The intervention was then tested in a pilot study including 17 patients and evaluated through validated questionnaires measuring irritable bowel syndrome symptom severity, gastrointestinal-specific anxiety, and self-efficacy as well as through interviews. There was a significant improvement in irritable bowel syndrome symptom severity between baseline and follow-up, but not for self-efficacy or gastrointestinal-specific anxiety. The patients' perceptions of participating in the intervention were positive and induced a learning process; they were able to form a supportive relationship with the nurse and their ability to self-manage improved. The promising results from this small pilot study in terms of feasibility, potential efficacy, and the patients' positive feedback make this intervention a suitable candidate for a larger controlled trial.
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| 8. |
- Björkman, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Gender differences when using sedative music during colonoscopy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Gastroenterology Nursing. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1042-895X .- 1538-9766. ; 36:1, s. 14-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colonoscopy is a procedure often experienced as uncomfortable and worrying. Music has been reported to reduce discomfort during colonoscopy; however, no study in a Swedish setting has been found. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to analyze the effects of sedative music on patients' experience of anxiety, pain, relaxation, and well-being during colonoscopy. Prior to colonoscopy, adult patients (n = 120), aged 18–80 years, were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (n = 60) who listened to sedative instrumental music with 60–80 beats per minute during the colonoscopy or a control group. After the colonoscopy, both groups completed a questionnaire on anxiety, the State Trait Anxiety Inventory, and an anxiety Visual Analogue Scale. Pain, relaxation, and well-being were also measured with Visual Analogue Scales. Women in the intervention group had a lower level of anxiety during the colonoscopy than those in the control group (p = .007) and well-being was significantly higher in the intervention group, especially among men, than in the controls (p = .006 and p = .025, respectively). Men in the intervention group were more relaxed during the colonoscopy than those in the control group (p = .065). Listening to sedative music decreased anxiety among women and increased well-being among men during colonoscopy.
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| 10. |
- Björkman, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Hur förstås och motarbetas ojämlikheter inom vård och hälsa i dagens omvårdnadsforskning? En litteraturöversikt och diskussion kring användningen av intersektionell analys inom omvårdnadsforskning
- 2019
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Ingår i: g19 - Swedish Conference for Gender Studies, Rethinking Knowledge Regimes - Solidarities and Contestations, October 7-9, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Intersektionalitsbegreppet är ett teoretiskt verktyg för forskning såväl som ett imperativ för social handling och har visats vara ett kraftfullt redskap för att förstå och motarbeta orättvisa maktstrukturer. Idag, när ojämlikhet relaterat till vård och hälsa är på frammarch i Sverige, är förståelse och medvetenhet om hur makt och privilegie fungerar oerhört viktigt. Syftet med denna studie är att granska och diskutera användning av intersektionalitetsbegreppet inom omvårdnadsforskning, samt vilka implikationer användningen av begreppet har för framtida forskning och omvårdnadspraktiker. Vår litteraturöversikt visar att intersektionell analys är sällsam inom omvårdnadsforskning. I många av de tillfällen intersektionalitetsbegreppet används fokuserar analysen på hur multipla kategorierier eller maktrelationer interagerar med varandra i relation till individers eller gruppers hälsa. Många studier använder den intersektionella analysen till att sätta marginaliserade gruppers hälsa och upplevelser på agendan. Samtidigt som det är både ett etiskt och juridiskt krav för sjuksköterskor att säkerhetsställa jämlik vård bland de människor de vårdar, riskerar ett perspektiv där intersektionell analys främst används i relation till grupper som kategoriseras som ”sårbara” att reproducera den förståelse som bidrar till diskriminering av dessa grupper. Tendensen att använda intersektionell analys till att föra patientgruppers talan bör förstås i relation till omvårdnadsdisciplinens normativa karaktär och den dominerande samförståndsdiskursen inom ämnet. Dessa står emellertid i kontrast till de postmoderna konnotationerna hos intersektionell analys och dess inbjudan till att avtäcka maktstrukturer. För att motverka aktuella tendenser förespråkar vi en mer reflexiv hållning hos omvårdnadsforskare i användandet av intersektionell analys. Intersektionell analys bör användas för att analysera olika typer av patientgrup-pers situation, och den undersökande blicken bör även riktas mot de organisatoriska och samhälleliga strukturer inom vilka hälso- och sjukvård fungerar. På så sätt kan den intersektionell analysen i högre grad bidra till att skapa ett rum för motstånd och förändring inom omvårdnadsforskning där ojämlik vård och hälsa och motarbetas.
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