| 1. |
- Björkman, Maria, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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The Establishment of Genetic Counselling in Sweden : 1940–1980
- 2017
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Ingår i: History of Human Genetics : Aspects of Its Development and Global Perspectives - Aspects of Its Development and Global Perspectives. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319517827 - 9783319517834 ; , s. 339-366
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic counselling in Sweden may be traced to the eugenics movementin the early twentieth century. A rudimentary form of what we might call geneticcounselling today was practised within the state governed Medical Board in the1940s and 1950s by the scientific advisor Nils von Hofsten. In the 1950s, Jan ArvidBöök, professor of medical genetics at Uppsala University, realised the importanceof studies in broadly distributed genetic diseases. At the same time as he establisheda modern laboratory for chromosome analysis, he also held genetic counsellingsessions. In B€o€oks’s ways of navigating between the older traditions of eugenicsand the new movement towards individual choice, there are signs of both continuityand discontinuity in relation to the Swedish eugenic project and population policyof the 1930s and 1940s. When the correct chromosome number of man wasdemonstrated in 1956, medical genetics as well as genetic counselling changed inmany ways. New types of diagnosis could be made and new at-risk groups wereidentified. The geneticists trained at B€o€ok’s department contributed significantly totransfer both laboratory research and counselling activities from the academicsetting to the clinic. Development of medical techniques like amniocentesis andprenatal diagnosis further increased the need for more systematised geneticcounselling within the healthcare system.In this chapter we provide an overview of the beginning of genetic counselling inSweden. More specifically, we analyse the ways in which the first three generationsof genetic counsellors constructed their roles as medical and genetic experts and thenorms and values that characterized their counselling activities. We argue that this period was characterised by the development of a professional ethos that, whileemphasising the importance of individual autonomy, also underscored the psychological and socioeconomic benefits of new diagnostic technologies to decrease the number of genetically diseased children. During the period, there was a markedshift from state-controlled eugenics to individual autonomy. However, we want toemphasise that not only did the individual autonomy increase but also the individualresponsibility. At-risk individuals and families were supposed to make informedchoices about their reproduction. And even if the individuals were at the centre,societal interests were clearly present, both as norms and values about whatconstituted a good life and as economic calculations within the healthcare system.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Björkman, Susanne
(författare)
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Vem sätter tonen?
- 2007
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Blessborn, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of Lumefantrine after Capillary Sampling onto Sampling Paper
- 2007
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Ingår i: The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. - London.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The antimalarial lumefantrine was first synthesised and registered in China and is now commercially available as a coformulated product together with artemether (Coartem®/Riamet®). This combination is well tolerated and has proven highly efficacious for treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Lumefantrine is highly lipophilic with an extensive protein binding (99.9%). The day 7 plasma lumefantrine level has been shown to be an important determinant of treatment efficacy. To date no method has been published for the determination of lumefantrine after capillary sampling onto filter paper for field use. The aim of this work was to develop a method with adequate sensitivity for quantification of lumefantrine in capillary blood sampled onto filter paper. The method has been validated according to the current FDA guideline for bioanalytical method validation. Method: Whatman 31 ET Chr filter paper was pre-treated with an organic acid before sampling capillary blood to enable a high recovery of lumefantrine. Lumefantrine was extracted from the filter paper, then further purified using solid phase extraction and finally quantified with HPLC. Results: The between day variation is below 10 % over the range 0.4 to 25 µmol/l. The lower limit of quantification is 0.25 µmol/l in 100 µl capillary blood. No decrease in Lumefantrine concentration in dried blood spot is seen after 3 months at 37o C. The field sampling for lumefantrine assay with pre-treated Whatman 31 ET Chr has been tested in Tanzania with good results. Discussion: The field sampling for lumefantrine concentration assay with pre-treated Whatman 31 ET Chr has been evaluated and proven to be a valid method for field studies. The day 7 level after treatment can lumefantrine be accurately estimated in capillary blood to follow up compliance and efficacy. Validation data will be presented.
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| 5. |
- Blessborn, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Development and validation of an automated solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatographic method for determination of lumefantrine in capillary blood on sampling paper
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0731-7085 .- 1873-264X. ; 45:2, s. 282-287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A bioanalytical method for the determination of lumefantrine in 100 μl blood applied onto sampling paper, by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography, has been developed and validated. Whatman 31 ET Chr sampling paper was pre-treated with 0.75 M tartaric acid before sampling capillary blood to enable a high recovery of lumefantrine. Lumefantrine was extracted from the sampling paper, then further purified using solid-phase extraction and finally quantified with HPLC. The between-day variation was below 10% over the range 0.4-25 μM. The lower limit of quantification was 0.25 μM in 100 μl capillary blood. No decrease in lumefantrine concentration in dried blood spot is seen after 4 months storage at 22 °C. The method was also evaluated in field samples from patients in Tanzania after treatment with lumefantrine/artemether. Lumefantrine could be estimated accurately enough to assess bioavailability and treatment compliance on day 7 (i.e. 4 days after the last dose) after a standard regimen with the lumefantrine/artemether combination.
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| 6. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Scragg, Jonathan, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Cu–Zn disorder and band gap fluctuations in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 : Theoretical and experimental investigations
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physica status solidi. B, Basic research. - : Wiley. - 0370-1972 .- 1521-3951. ; 253:2, s. 247-254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTS(e)) solar cells suffer from low-open-circuit voltages that have been blamed on the existence of band gap fluctuations, with different possible origins. In this paper, we show from both theoretical and experimental standpoints that disorder of Cu and Zn atoms is in all probability the primary cause of these fluctuations. First, quantification of Cu–Zn disorder in CZTS thin films is presented. The results indicate that disorder is prevalent in the majority of practical samples used for solar cells. Then, ab initio calculations for different arrangements and densities of disorder-induced [CuZn + ZnCu] defect pairs are presented and it is shown that spatial variations in band gap of the order of 200 meV can easily be caused by Cu–Zn disorder, which would cause large voltage losses in solar cells. Experiments using Raman spectroscopy and room temperature photoluminescence combined with in situ heat-treatments show that a shift in the energy of the dominant band-to-band recombination pathway correlates perfectly to the order-disorder transition, which clearly implicates Cu–Zn disorder as the cause of band gap fluctuations in CZTS. Our results suggest that elimination or passivation of Cu–Zn disorder could be very important for future improvements in the efficiency of CZTS(e)-based solar cells.
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| 9. |
- Sendler, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Photoluminescence studies in epitaxial CZTSe thin films
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 120:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epitaxial Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) thin films were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs(001) using two different growth processes, one containing an in-situ annealing stage as used for solar cell absorbers and one for which this step was omitted. Photoluminescences (PL) measurements carried out on these samples show no dependence of the emission shape on the excitation intensity at different temperatures ranging from 4K to 300 K. To describe the PL measurements, we employ a model with fluctuating band edges in which the density of states of the resulting tail states does not seem to depend on the excited charge carrier density. In this interpretation, the PL measurements show that the annealing stage removes a defect level, which is present in the samples without this annealing.
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| 10. |
- Thorgeirsdottir, Lilja, et al.
(författare)
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Study protocol: establishment of a multicentre pre-eclampsia database and biobank in Sweden: GO PROVE and UP MOST, a prospective cohort study
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 11:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction Pre-eclampsia, a multisystem disorder in pregnancy, is one of the most common causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, we lack methods for objective assessment of organ function in pre-eclampsia and predictors of organ impairment during and after pre-eclampsia. The women’s and their partners’ experiences of pre-eclampsia have not been studied in detail. To phenotype different subtypes of the disorder is of importance for prediction, prevention, surveillance, treatment and follow-up of pre-eclampsia.The aim of this study is to set up a multicentre database and biobank for pre-eclampsia in order to contribute to a safer and more individualised treatment and care.Methods and analysis This is a multicentre cohort study. Prospectively recruited pregnant women ≥18 years, diagnosed with pre-eclampsia presenting at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Uppsala University Hospital and at Södra Älvsborgs Hospital, Sweden, as well as normotensive controls are eligible for participation. At inclusion and at 1-year follow-up, the participants donate biosamples that are stored in a biobank and they are also asked to participate in various organ-specific evaluations. In addition, questionnaires and interviews regarding the women’s and partner’s experiences are distributed at follow-up.Ethics and dissemination By creating a database and biobank, we will provide the means to explore the disorder in a broader sense and allow clinical and laboratory discoveries that can be translated to clinical trials aiming at improved care of women with pre-eclampsia. Further, to evaluate experiences and the psychological impact of being affected by pre-eclampsia can improve the care of pregnant women and their partners. In case of incidental pathological findings during examinations performed, they will be handled in accordance with clinical routine. Data are stored in a secure online database. Biobank samples are identified through the women’s personal identification number and pseudonymised after identification in the biobank before analysis.This study was approved by the regional ethical review board in Gothenburg on 28 December 2018 (approval number 955-18) and by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority on 27 February 2019 (approval number 2019-00309).
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