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- Johansson, Gunvi, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring oral health from a public health perspective
- 2008
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - Stockholm : Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 32:3, s. 125-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper aims to analyse measures of oral health-related quality of life (OHQOL) from a Public Health perspective. Twenty-two measures were analysed conceptually as to their mirroring of the Public Health principles: empowerment, participation, holism and equity. Elements of empowerment were found in connection with application of the measures. Participation was found in using lay opinions during development in 12 measures. All measures analysed had elements of a holistic approach so far that they were not wholly biological. Two measures captured positive health effects. Measures were available for all ages, various languages and populations, an element of equity. No measure was wholly compatible with Public Health. They were based on a utilitarian theory not in full accordance with modern health promotion. There is a need to develop measures that more obviously capture the positive aspects of health and health as a process, as well as the personal perspective of oral health.
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Gunvi, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring oral health from a public health perspective
- 2008
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - Stockholm : Swedish Dental Association. - 0347-9994. ; 32:3, s. 125-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper aims to analyse measures of oral health-related quality of life (OHOOL) from a Public Health perspective. Twenty-two measures were analysed conceptually as to their mirroring of the Public Health principles: empowerment, participation, holism and equity. Elements of empowerment were found in connection with application of the measures. Participation was found in using lay opinions during development in 12 measures. All measures analysed had elements of a holistic approach so far that they were not wholly biological. Two measures captured positive health effects. Measures were available for all ages, various languages and populations, an element of equity. No measure was wholly compatible with Public Health. They were based on a utilitarian theory not in full accordance with modern health promotion. There is a need to develop measures that more obviously capture the positive aspects of health and health as a process, as well as the personal perspective of oral health.
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- Nystedt, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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The Norway spruce genome sequence and conifer genome evolution
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 497:7451, s. 579-584
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conifers have dominated forests for more than 200 million years and are of huge ecological and economic importance. Here we present the draft assembly of the 20-gigabase genome of Norway spruce (Picea abies), the first available for any gymnosperm. The number of well-supported genes (28,354) is similar to the >100 times smaller genome of Arabidopsis thaliana, and there is no evidence of a recent whole-genome duplication in the gymnosperm lineage. Instead, the large genome size seems to result from the slow and steady accumulation of a diverse set of long-terminal repeat transposable elements, possibly owing to the lack of an efficient elimination mechanism. Comparative sequencing of Pinus sylvestris, Abies sibirica, Juniperus communis, Taxus baccata and Gnetum gnemon reveals that the transposable element diversity is shared among extant conifers. Expression of 24-nucleotide small RNAs, previously implicated in transposable element silencing, is tissue-specific and much lower than in other plants. We further identify numerous long (>10,000 base pairs) introns, gene-like fragments, uncharacterized long non-coding RNAs and short RNAs. This opens up new genomic avenues for conifer forestry and breeding.
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- Wikner, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Experiment som forskningsmetod – erfarenheter från företag och forskare
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Plan Research Conference, Trollhättan, 17-18 oktober, 2023. - Bromma : Logistikföreningen Plan. ; , s. 108-123
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experiment är en relativt ovanlig forskningsmetod i logistikforskningsprojekt, trots att metoden har många fördelar. Genom ett experiment, som genomförs av de deltagande företagen men med stöd av forskarna, är det tydligare för företagen hur resultaten kan vara direkt användbara och därmed att forskningen manifesteras och nyttiggörs på ett konkret sätt. Det här exemplet baseras på en grupp forskare som tillsammans med fyra företag i ett forskningsprojekt kring säkerhetsbuffertdimensionering använt just experiment som metod. Syftet med artikeln är att visa på erfarenheter och lärdomar från företag och forskare med att använda experiment som forskningsmetod. Experimentet har gått ut på att sätta upp en adaptiv dimensioneringsmetod av olika säkerhetsbuffertar, och prova sig fram till en förbättrad leveransförmåga. Data har samlats i form av intervjuer och workshopdiskussioner, samt reflektioner från företagen direkt. Företagens respektive forskarnas erfarenheter och lärdomar presenteras. Företagen upplever t.ex. att de får bidra med input till projektet på ett annat vis än genom att enbart bli intervjuade eller lösa givna uppgifter, och att de samtidigt får ut direkt företagsnytta med sin insatta tid. Samtidigt ställer det här stora krav på att företagen är engagerade i forskningen och har möjlighet att genomföra ett experiment som kanske kräver en del ”handpåläggning” och kan påverka den ordinarie verksamheten. Forskarna upplever att det kräver mer i form av gedigen planering och förarbete, att tydligt specificera experimentet och dess ingående delar så att det är praktiskt tillämpbart. Avstämningsmöten med företagen har visat sig varit viktigt för att vägleda, reda ut oklarheter och kontrollera status. Bådas erfarenhet är att utväxlingen på den insatta tiden är avsevärd om experimentet utformas med en balans mellan företagens och forskarnas behov. Företagen bidrar med datainsamling och erfarenheter från praktisk tillämpning, vilket ger viktiga insikter till den teoretiska utvecklingen. Sammantaget blir nettoeffekten positiv för alla inblandade parter. Metoden innebär både fler och längre iterationer mellan företag och forskare vilket gör att tillgången på kalendertid är central. Avslutningsvis sammanfattas ett antal erfarenheter som kan vara till nytta för företag och forskare som vill använda experiment som forskningsmetod.
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- Andersson, Gerhard, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behavioral guided self-help for generalized anxiety disorder : A randomized controlled trial
- 2012
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Ingår i: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. - Basel, Switzerland : Karger. - 0033-3190 .- 1423-0348. ; 81:6, s. 344-355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Guided Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) has been tested in many trials and found to be effective in the treatment of anxiety and mood disorders. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) has also been treated with ICBT, but there are no controlled trials on guided Internet-based psychodynamic treatment (IPDT). Since there is preliminary support for psychodynamic treatment for GAD, we decided to test if a psychodynamically informed self-help treatment could be delivered via the Internet. The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of IPDT for GAD and to compare against ICBT and a waiting list control group.Method: A randomized controlled superiority trial with individuals diagnosed with GAD comparing guided ICBT (n = 27) and IPDT (n = 27) against a no treatment waiting list control group (n = 27). The primary outcome measure was the Penn State Worry Questionnaire.Results: While there were no significant between-group differences immediately after treatment on the main outcome measure, both IPDT and ICBT resulted in improvements with moderate to large within-group effect sizes at 3 and 18 months follow-up on the primary measure in the completer analyses. The differences against the control group, although smaller, were still significant for both PDT and CBT when conforming to the criteria of clinically significant improvement. The active treatments did not differ significantly. There was a significant group by time interaction regarding GAD symptoms, but not immediately after treatment.Conclusions: IPDT and ICBT both led to modest symptom reduction in GAD, and more research is needed.Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel
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- Axmon, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Detecting longitudinal changes in activities of daily living (ADL) dependence : Optimizing ADL staircase response choices
- 2019
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Ingår i: British Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : SAGE Publications. - 0308-0226 .- 1477-6006. ; 82:10, s. 646-652
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Using a sum score based on a three-graded response scale for the activities of daily living staircase has previously been found to increase the statistical power compared to dichotomized responses when assessing longitudinal changes in activities of daily living. We aimed to investigate if the statistical power could be further increased by using a four-graded scale. Methods: We used data from two previous studies on community-living people to calculate sum scores based on a dichotomized (independent/dependent), a three-graded (independent/partly dependent/dependent), and a four-graded (independent without difficulty/independent with difficulty/partly dependent/dependent) response scale for the activities of daily living staircase. In total, 1818 paired observations (baseline to follow-up) from 482 people were included. Statistical power was estimated for the entire material as well as stratified by follow-up time and baseline activities of daily living using simulations. Results: The four-graded scale provided the highest statistical power, particularly for shorter follow-up times and low and high baseline activities of daily living, but had similar statistical power to the three-graded scale for longer follow-up times and medium baseline activities of daily living. Conclusion: Adding a second level to “independent” in the activities of daily living staircase improved the detection of changes over time.
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