| 1. |
- Hagberg, Johan, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Konsumtionsrapporten 2023
- 2023
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- I Konsumtionsrapporten 2023 sammanfattas och analyseras konsumtionen i Sverige under 2022. I den första delen, ”Hushållens konsumtion” ges en översikt över den privata konsumtionen i Sverige och hur den förändrats. Här beskrivs även skillnader mellan olika hushållstyper och konsumentgrupper, hållbarhetsaspekter på konsumtionen samt hushållens framtidsförväntningar på den egna ekonomin. I andra delen, ”Detaljhandeln” beskrivs försäljning och utveckling inom detaljhandeln under 2022 med fokus på olika delbranscher, kanaler och platser, inom e-handeln respektive den butiksbaserade detaljhandeln. Den andra delen avslutas med handelns framtidsförväntningar. Årets Konsumtionsrapport innehåller två fördjupningsdelar som var en och analyserar aktuella teman inom konsumtion. I den första av fördjupningsdelarna analyserar Emma Björner digitalisering inom turism, besöksnäring och upplevelseekonomi. I den andra fördjupningsdelen analyserar och diskuterar Benjamin Hartmann olika exempel på nostalgisk konsumtion.
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| 2. |
- Jernsand, Eva Maria, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable tourism - what it is and how to progress towards it
- 2023
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Ingår i: EUTOPIA Review. ; 1, s. 25-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent conceptualisations of sustainable tourism take as starting points the major societal challenges of our times. Sustainable tourism is about the relationship between tourism and the world we live in, where climate and environment, health and welfare, democracy and community building as well as digitalisation, are areas that tourism stakeholders must address. Sustainable tourism is thereby a response to real-world issues and opportunities (Jones & Walmsley, 2022) and a direction to transform societal systems and behaviours and contribute to resilient societies and sustainable development (Bramwell et al., 2017; Edgell Sr, 2019). In this article, three members of the EUTOPIA Community on Tourism and Experiences outline some of the main characteristics of the sustainable tourism discourse; what they are and how stakeholders can address them. We retrace a selection of research and policy orientations for sustainable tourism in the context of current societal challenges, outlined in 10 parts. The selection is not all-encompassing but represents the most urgent and critical perspectives to tourism studies and is based on our own research, experiences and interpretations. We discuss tourism’s contribution to place development on larger and smaller scales, for example tax revenues, competence supply, and wellbeing of residents, tourists, companies and societies (part 1). We address climate and environmental degradation, where tourism is a key contributor (part 2), and the connected economic growth paradigm (part 3). Furthermore, tourism’s role in inclusive and just futures is discussed (part 4) before bringing up the goal conflicts and wicked problems involved in tourism decision-making (part 5). We propose that issues and opportunities must be handled through knowledge integration between actors, which we discuss from a systems theory perspective (part 6). The twin transition and smart tourism concepts are presented as part of digitalisation in tourism (part 7). Sustainable behaviour is another important aspect of sustainable tourism, for instance, how nudging initiatives and immersive experiences may benefit society (part 8). We also discuss and give examples of tools and instruments that contribute to sustainability in the tourism industry (part 9). Finally, we draw some main conclusions and briefly address ways forward (part 10).
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| 3. |
- Adolfsson, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Collaborative introspection as a methodological tool of reflexivity - from multidisciplinary to transdisciplinary co-production
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Transdisciplinarity Conference (ITD21), 13-17 Sept: Creating spaces and cultivating mindsets for learning and experimentation.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper explores reflexivity through "collaborative introspection" as a methodological tool for transcending a multidisciplinary dialogue and achieving transdisciplinary co-production of knowledge. Reflexivity is argued to be applicable for critically addressing assumptions and ideologies of the research team (Popa et al., 2015), joint problem framing (Pearce & Ejderyan, 2019), experimentation (Popa et al., 2015), or more generally as a focal area to be used for addressing challenges in transdisciplinary projects (Jahn, et al., 2012; Polk, 2015). However, discussions on reflexivity rarely place focus on how a reflexive dialogue can be used to gather empirical material in a collaborative manner, making use of the participating researchers’ subjectivity, personal experiences and understandings of a specific topic. The authors of this text are part of a transdisciplinary research team exploring the role of tourism in multicultural societies. The team involves researchers from the fields of design, marketing, tourism studies, human-computer interaction, and migration studies. In the project we collaborate with each other across disciplines in different case studies. However, we have experienced a tendency to fall back into our disciplinary silos, where we explore the same topic from our own disciplinary lenses. As an attempt to bring ourselves together we decided to go personal. Instead of looking at the role of tourism in multicultural societies from our disciplinary viewpoints, we dug into our memories of acting as tourists ourselves in a reflective session. More specifically, inspired by the tool Tell your story by means of an object (td-net, 2021), we shared and reflected upon our own tourism experiences through our core project concepts, which are diversity, inclusivity and integration. The dialogue that emerged forced us to focus on our research topic not as researchers who are expected to maintain objectivity but rather as individuals allowing ourselves to be subjective. This created a feeling of working ‘together’ instead of ‘with’ each other. The reflections created genuine and honest dialogue highlighting our national, cultural, gender and racial differences. The differences and similarities of our personal experiences depend on the social categories and identities that we are part of. Thus, by bringing our personal stories as empirical material, we created an opportunity to listen to each other beyond our disciplinary boundaries. It made us understand the layers of hierarchy, privilege and disadvantages that we face in our lives as individuals, and to understand instances of inclusion and exclusion in tourism at a deeper level. From our experience, we propose what we term "collaborative introspection" as a reflexive methodological tool for transdisciplinary research and practice. Collaborative introspection exercises challenge the commonly held idea of neutrality. It can be used as a tool for a transdisciplinary group to come together, transform thoughts and develop empathy and ethics in research. References: Jahn, T., Bergmann, M. & Keil, F. (2018). Transdisciplinarity: between mainstreaming and marginalization, Ecological Economics 79 Pearce, B. J., & Ejderyan, O. (2020). Joint problem framing as reflexive practice: honing a transdisciplinary skill. Sustainability science, 15(3), 683-698. Polk, M. (2015). Transdisciplinary co-production: Designing and testing a transdisciplinary research framework for societal problem solving. Futures, 65, 110-122. Popa, F., Guillermin, M., & Dedeurwaerdere, T. (2015). A pragmatist approach to transdisciplinarity in sustainability research: From complex systems theory to reflexive science. Futures, 65, 45-56. Td-net (2021, April 7). Tell your Story by Means of an Object. Retrieved from: https://naturalsciences.ch/co-producing-knowledge-explained/methods/td-net_toolbox/_tell_your_story_by_means_of_an_object_
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| 4. |
- Aronsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Place making taking place: the New Mill Town
- 2021
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Ingår i: 29th Nordic Symposium on Tourism and Hospitality Research, 21-23 Sept. Shaping mobile futures: Challenges and possibilities in precarious times.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Traditionally, place making has been associated with specific settings, with functions that contribute to the uniqueness of the place, for spatial planning purposes and in projects that aim at upgrading or maintaining spaces. This focus on physical elements as end products, and experts as decision-makers, has been challenged by a democratic view, with active involvement of interested parties. The place is made sense of by those who use it, and place making is described as a collective effort and an empowering tool. We argue that top-down and bottom-up perspectives of place making constitute a continuum of exclusion, at one end, and inclusion of people at the other. Most places develop through a combination of top-down and bottom-up processes, with several actors involved who have multiple, often unspoken and even conflicting objectives and values. The study examines the interplay between exclusion and inclusion in place making and the challenges and opportunities associated with making multiple voices heard. The development of a cultural and creative center in southwest of Sweden constitutes the case study. The area has gone from an industrial community (mill town) to an international cultural environment and tourist attraction through decisions and actions that individuals, groups, businesses and public authorities have been part of in different phases. The methods are observations and interviews together with analysis of written historical and contemporary documents. The preliminary results indicate that inclusion works well in specific sectors and spaces, however, outside these, there is little inclusion, although there is benevolence and mutual dependence.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Björner, Emma, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Crafting Sweden as a sustainable destination - Place branding, destination governance and social learning
- 2023
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Ingår i: The 7th Annual Conference of the International Place Branding Association, Helsingborg, 18-20 October.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tourism destinations have been conceptualized as being in a persistent state of ‘becoming’, due to their ongoing sustainability actions and their commitment to sustainable destination development. Governments and DMOs have leading roles in the development of sustainable destinations, while other stakeholders also are involved in a participatory agenda. Collaboration and learning have been depicted as a key to success when developing sustainable destinations. There have been calls for further research on destination governance, its structures, processes and how it is carried out. The aim of this study is to explore how a destination is governed to become and appear sustainable, and especially how collaboration and learning materialises in the process. The study includes an analysis of national destination governance in Sweden in recent years, which has developed to involve more stakeholders and various aspects of sustainability. Methods include action-oriented research and document analysis, with a focus on national and regional initiatives. The findings outline actions and initiatives by the Swedish government, the national DMO and regional DMOs, to move the Swedish tourism industry, and Sweden as a destination, in a more sustainable direction. Collaboration and learning can be traced in all initiatives. A participatory agenda permeates the destination governance, through a multi-stakeholder process based on a distributed approach to steering and managing destinations. In tandem, leadership and guidance are desired when it comes to coordination and unifying of forces to move the destination Sweden in a sustainable direction.
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| 7. |
- Björner, Emma, 1981
(författare)
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Curators of Sweden - Adding to stereotypes or contributing to diversity
- 2019
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Ingår i: 28th Nordic Symposium on Tourism and Hospitality - 23-25 October 2019.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tourism has received harsh critique (e.g. Bruner, 2005; Urry, 2002) for contributing to the “commoditization of a uni-dimensional culture” (Salazar, 2012, p 877). International tourism has, for example, built on colonial-era notions of exotic and erotic people and places as “the desirable Other” (Aitchison, 2001, p. 139), circulating symbols, narratives and images that reproduce sexualized, racialized difference (Patil, 2011). Tourism and place branding risk (re)producing “stereotypic images, discredited histories, and romantic fantasies” (Bruner, 2005, p 76) and tend to reduce places to monocultures, which disregard the complexity that makes them interesting (Jernsand & Kraff, 2017. Such perspective does not correspond with reality, since no contemporary society has only one culture, language or identity (Sam & Berry, 2006). Destination management organisations (DMOs) play a central role in the formation of images, histories and fantasies. Decisions about destination branding and tourism advertising are however plagued with difficulties from politics to the challenge of promoting multi-attributed places as dynamic and multidimensional marketplaces (Pike, 2008). Traditional branding theories suggest that destinations identity and image should be simple and clear. Increasingly, scholars have nevertheless scrutinized this “simplicity trend” and encouraged place marketers to embrace the multiplicity of destinations (Ren & Stilling Blichfeldt, 2011). Moreover, it has been argued that messages of a travel destination that contains a greater number of attributes is more effective (Kendrick, Fullerton & Broyles, 2015). Furthermore, cases from the tourism industry show that the complicated constructs of culture, history and nature can be effectively used to create and market a unique image of a tourist destination (Ooi, 2001; Saarinen, 1997). There is a dearth of research examining how images and language used in destination branding create stereotypes and integrate elements of multiculturalism. In this case, we analyse the content of a DMO website and two campaigns. The DMO in focus is Visit Sweden, a state-owned company with the mission to market Sweden as a destination internationally. We analyse the images and language used on Visit Sweden’s website and in two of their campaigns, namely Welcome to something else and Edible country. In the analysis we explore what kinds of stereotypes of Sweden and the potential tourists are at play and whether these images encourage the idea of diversity.
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| 8. |
- Björner, Emma, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Decentralised place branding through multiple authors and narratives : the collective branding of a small town in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Marketing Management. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0267-257X .- 1472-1376.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasingly, place branding is regarded as stakeholder-centric, participatory and inclusive. However, a central assumption permeates the place-branding literature that there is a dominant organisation of some sort working strategically to organise the place-branding process. In this article we question this assumption and explore how multiple 'authors' create narratives and contribute to the branding of places. Using interviews, observations and printed and online material, we study a small town in southwest Sweden. Our illustrative case study reveals a decentralised collective production of narratives by multiple authors that together constitute the branding of a place.
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| 9. |
- Björner, Emma, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Destination governance and social learning: Crafting Sweden as a sustainable destination
- 2022
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Ingår i: 5th Advances in Destination Management (ADM 2022), Linnaeus University, Kalmar Campus, June 8-10.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Destination governance is crucial for sustainable tourism as it involves management and planning processes, including the steering and mobilization of actions. A key element of destination governance is social learning, meaning the sharing of knowledge, ideas and aspirations among stakeholders; the collaborative construction of visions and plans for action; the lessons learned from evolving experience; and the reaction and adaptation to changing circumstances. In larger destinations, DMOs have the role of organizing and developing destination governance, and thus, social learning. However, DMOs recent development towards benefitting, supporting and managing collaboration is still in its infancy. The aim of this study is to explore the structures and processes needed for social learning in destination governance. We focus on the development and branding of Sweden as a sustainable destination, and have followed a sustainability initiative facilitated by Sweden’s national DMO over a period of two years.
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| 10. |
- Björner, Emma, 1981-
(författare)
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Imagineering Place : The Branding of Five Chinese Mega-Cities
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cities, regions, nations and other places have in recent decades become active participants in the global competitive economy, and now operate in a global marketplace, competing with other places all over the world for investors, tourists, residents and workforce. As a result, places use marketing and branding strategies and practices to gain reputation and competitive advantage. Chinese cities have, over the past decades, increasingly engaged in branding activities, and even taken the role of spearheads for China in its positioning in the global economy, seen for example in the organization of mega-events. The branding of Chinese cities nevertheless exhibits some differences compared with city branding in the West. The aim of this dissertation is to contribute to our knowledge of the internal-political aspects of place branding, using field studies of the imagery used in city branding practices in five Chinese mega-cities, namely Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Chengdu and Chongqing. The focus is on the images and language used in the cities’ branding, and on key political aspects involved in the branding of Chinese mega-cities. The theoretical lens incorporates concepts tied to images, language, imaginaries, ideology and power, and the study relies on an ethnographic, multiple case study approach, including longitudinal fieldwork in China. The findings consist of rich illustrations of the branding of the five Chinese mega-cities, and include an analysis of similar imagery found in all five cities, grouped into economic, international, cultural, social and environmental imaginaries. This shows that city branding in Chinese mega-cities is focused on creating international and competitive cities, while also paying attention to the environment, culture and internal target groups such as residents. A central contribution of this dissertation is the development of the concept ‘imagineering’, used in this study to conceptualize key political aspects of city branding in Chinese mega-cities. Imagineering contains three main elements, namely local adaptations of national directives, policies, plans and concepts; a strong future orientation while also accentuating selected elements from the past; and a focus on local populations with the creation of stability and harmony as a central goal. Imagineering is also conceptualized as a policy instrument exercised by a powerful élite, closely intertwined with urban governance, and used to influence people, values, places and, ultimately, city futures.
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