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- Olafsson, S, et al.
(författare)
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Fourteen sequence variants that associate with multiple sclerosis discovered by meta-analysis informed by genetic correlations
- 2017
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Ingår i: NPJ genomic medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2056-7944. ; 2, s. 24-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A meta-analysis of publicly available summary statistics on multiple sclerosis combined with three Nordic multiple sclerosis cohorts (21,079 cases, 371,198 controls) revealed seven sequence variants associating with multiple sclerosis, not reported previously. Using polygenic risk scores based on public summary statistics of variants outside the major histocompatibility complex region we quantified genetic overlap between common autoimmune diseases in Icelanders and identified disease clusters characterized by autoantibody presence/absence. As multiple sclerosis-polygenic risk scores captures the risk of primary biliary cirrhosis and vice versa (P = 1.6 × 10−7, 4.3 × 10−9) we used primary biliary cirrhosis as a proxy-phenotype for multiple sclerosis, the idea being that variants conferring risk of primary biliary cirrhosis have a prior probability of conferring risk of multiple sclerosis. We tested 255 variants forming the primary biliary cirrhosis-polygenic risk score and found seven multiple sclerosis-associating variants not correlated with any previously established multiple sclerosis variants. Most of the variants discovered are close to or within immune-related genes. One is a low-frequency missense variant in TYK2, another is a missense variant in MTHFR that reduces the function of the encoded enzyme affecting methionine metabolism, reported to be dysregulated in multiple sclerosis brain.
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- Crona-Larsson, G, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of luxation injuries on permanent teeth.
- 1991
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Ingår i: Endodontics & dental traumatology. - 0109-2502. ; 7:5, s. 199-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trauma to the supporting tissues of the teeth are among the most common dental injuries, leading to such complications as pulp canal obliteration, necrosis and root resorption. The aim of this investigation was to study the outcome for young permanent teeth subjected to luxation injuries. From 108 dental records 171 teeth with injuries to the supporting tissue were selected. The material comprised 130 subluxated, 15 extruded, 9 intruded, 15 exarticulated and 6 laterally luxated teeth in children aged 6-19 years. Apart from luxation, 59 teeth (35%) had additional crown and root fractures. 65% of the teeth recovered without complications. 78% of the subluxated teeth and 24% of the luxated teeth showed uneventful posttraumatic healing. Concomitant uncomplicated crown fractures or root fractures without displacement of the coronal fragment did not interfere with the healing. Of 60 teeth with healing complications, 52 (87%) were subsequently recorded as healed, the remaining 8 were extracted or had progressive root resorption. Loss of pulp vitality and external root resorptions were the most often recorded complications (28% and 17% of the total material respectively). Pulp canal obliteration was noted in 3% of the cases. Extent of injury and degree of tooth maturity were found to be related to healing complications.
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- Frisch, M, et al.
(författare)
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Cultural bias in the AAP's 2012 Technical Report and Policy Statement on male circumcision
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pediatrics. - : American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). - 1098-4275 .- 0031-4005. ; 131:4, s. 796-800
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The American Academy of Pediatrics recently released its new Technical Report and Policy Statement on male circumcision, concluding that current evidence indicates that the health benefits of newborn male circumcision outweigh the risks. The technical report is based on the scrutiny of a large number of complex scientific articles. Therefore, while striving for objectivity, the conclusions drawn by the 8 task force members reflect what these individual physicians perceived as trustworthy evidence. Seen from the outside, cultural bias reflecting the normality of nontherapeutic male circumcision in the United States seems obvious, and the report’s conclusions are different from those reached by physicians in other parts of the Western world, including Europe, Canada, and Australia. In this commentary, a different view is presented by non–US-based physicians and representatives of general medical associations and societies for pediatrics, pediatric surgery, and pediatric urology in Northern Europe. To these authors, only 1 of the arguments put forward by the American Academy of Pediatrics has some theoretical relevance in relation to infant male circumcision; namely, the possible protection against urinary tract infections in infant boys, which can easily be treated with antibiotics without tissue loss. The other claimed health benefits, including protection against HIV/AIDS, genital herpes, genital warts, and penile cancer, are questionable, weak, and likely to have little public health relevance in a Western context, and they do not represent compelling reasons for surgery before boys are old enough to decide for themselves.
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- Gängler, P, et al.
(författare)
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Reactivity of young and old human enamel to demineralization.
- 1993
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of dental research. - 0029-845X. ; 101:6, s. 345-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility of newly erupted and old permanent teeth to artificial, caries-like attacks. Two groups of caries-free teeth were used. Group 1 consisted of 38 teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons (9-12-yr-old children); group 2, of 40 teeth extracted for periodontal reasons (45-65-yr-old patients). After thorough cleaning, a test window was isolated on the incisal two-thirds of the buccal surface. After demineralization with 6% HEC gel at pH 4.9 for 8 days, longitudinal ground sections were prepared for imbibition studies in polarized light and for secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). In the young teeth, the lesions appeared to be uniform in their extension in the enamel, whereas the old teeth showed less marked and thinner surface zones and greater depth of the positively birefringent body of the lesion. Polarized light microscopy and SIMS data support the hypothesis that there are different enamel pathways in the initiation of the natural carious process.
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