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- Almerud, Pernilla, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Cadmium, total mercury, and lead in blood and associations with diet, sociodemographic factors, and smoking in Swedish adolescents
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-9351. ; 197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Despite their vulnerability to the toxic effects of certain metals, biomonitoring data on adolescents are limited. In the present study, we assessed blood concentrations of toxic metals (cadmium [Cd], total mercury [Hg], and lead [Pb] in a national representative sample of Swedish adolescents. We also examined the associations of Cd, total Hg and Pb with habitual intakes of major energy-providing food groups and other possible determinants such as age, sex, household education, Nordic or non-Nordic origin, and smoking. Methods: We analysed blood concentrations of Cd, total Hg, and Pb in a sample of 1099 adolescents from the Riksmaten Adolescents 2016–17 study in three age groups (mean age of 12, 15, and 18 years) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The participants completed web-based questionnaires on food consumption frequency, sociodemographic factors and health status. Dietary data from two web-based 24-h dietary recalls were used to estimate the habitual intake of 10 major food groups. Results: Almost all participants had detectable concentrations of Cd, total Hg, and Pb in whole blood. The median blood concentrations were 0.12 μg/L for Cd, 0.72 μg/L for total Hg, and 7.1 μg/L for Pb. Higher blood concentrations of Cd were observed in girls than in boys, whereas concentrations of total Hg and Pb were higher in boys. We observed an inverse association between Cd and meat intake. Total Hg concentrations were positively associated with intakes of fish, eggs, meat, and vegetables, and Pb concentrations were inversely associated with intakes of dairy products. Furthermore, smokers had higher concentrations of Cd and Pb. Conclusions: We found that fish was a potentially important source of exposure to total Hg in Swedish adolescents. No other food group was identified to have a strong impact on the blood levels of Cd, total Hg and Pb. Thirteen per cent of the adolescents had blood Pb concentrations above 12 μg/L, the reference point used in the risk assessment of Pb by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). © 2021 The Authors
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| 3. |
- Zamaratskaia, G., et al.
(författare)
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Breastfeeding during infancy and consumption of fish and dairy products are associated with chlorinated persistent organic pollutants in serum from Swedish adolescents
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Advances. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-7657. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Food is considered the predominant source of human exposure to chlorinated and brominated persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Exposure and potential sources of these compounds are less studied in adolescents. We aimed to investigate blood serum levels of chlorinated and brominated POPs in Swedish adolescents and to investigate associations with breastfeeding and food consumption. Methods: A national representative sample of adolescents (three age groups with mean age of 12, 15 and 18 years) (N=1096) were recruited between September 2016 and May 2017 in the study Riksmaten adolescents 2016-17. Diet was assessed using a web-based 24-h dietary recall method and frequency questions. Chlorinated POPs (including ten polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE)) and three polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) were analysed in blood serum using gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analysis. Associations between breastfeeding duration during infancy and consumption of five food groups (i.e. fish and shellfish, dairy products, eggs, meat, fats and oils) and serum POP concentrations were investigated. Results: HCB, p,p'-DDE, and CB118, 138, 153, 170, 180 and 187 were detected in most samples while the other analysed POPs were below limit of quantification in ≥60% of the samples. Longer breastfeeding time was associated with higher concentrations of p,p'-DDE, CB118, and CB138-187 (i.e. sum of CB138, 153, 170, 180, 187). Consumption of fish and shellfish was positively associated with concentrations of HCB and CB118. Consumption of dairy products was positively associated with concentrations of HCB and CB138-187. Egg consumption was positively associated with p,p'-DDE. Conclusion: Serum concentrations of HCB, p,p'-DDE and PCBs in Swedish adolescents are comparable to concentrations in other European adolescent populations. Breastfeeding, fish, dairy products, and eggs are probable sources of chlorinated POP exposure in Swedish adolescents. © 2022 The Authors
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| 4. |
- Bjermo, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Concentrations of phthalates and phenolic substances in urine from first-time mothers in Uppsala, Sweden: temporal trends 2009- 2018
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sedan 1996 samlas blod- och modersmjölksprover regelbundet in från förstföderskor i Uppsala i den så kallade POPUP-studien. Sedan 2009 tas också ett urinprov. I denna rapport har tidstrender för ftalater och fenolära ämnen studerats i urinprov insamlade mellan 2009 och 2018. Ftalater och fenolära ämnen metaboliseras relativt snabbt i kroppen och för flertalet är det därför en metabolit till själva huvudsubstansen som har analyserats.Totalt sett analyserades tolv metaboliter till sex ftalater, en metabolit till en ersättningskemikalie till ftalater, metaboliter till tre fosforbaserade flamskyddsmedel, två pesticidmetaboliter samt åtta fenolära ämnen, bland annat triclosan, bisfenol A, S och F. Analyserna utfördes av Lunds universitet. Syftet var att studera tidstrender för dessa olika ämnen under perioden 2009-2018.Resultaten visade en nedåtgående tidstrend för de ftalater som håller på att fasas ut samtidigt som metaboliten för en ersättare till ftalaterna ökade. Det omdiskuterade ämnet bisfenol A och triclosan visade nedåtgående trender medan en ersättningssubstans till bisfenol A, bisfenol F, snarare hade en omvänd u-formad kurva. Även en metabolit till insekticiden klorpyrifos minskade under perioden, möjligen som en konsekvens av att strängare gränsvärden införts i EU.Analyser av urin gör det möjligt att studera hur befolkningens exponering för snabbmetaboliserande substanser ser ut. Genom att analysera prover över tid kan man studera hur befolkningens exponering förändras efter att åtgärder för att begränsa vissa kemikalier satts in samt hur exponeringen för nya ersättningskemikalier utvecklas.
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