| 1. |
- Anyadike-Danes, Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
Accounting for Job Growth : Disentangling Size and Age Effects in an International Cohort Comparison
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The contribution of different-sized businesses to job creation continues to attract policymakers’ attention, however, it has recently been recognized that conclusions about size were confounded with the effect of age. We probe the role of size, controlling for age, by comparing the cohorts of firms born in 1998 over their first decade of life, using variation across half a dozen northern European countries Austria, Finland, Germany, Norway, Sweden, and the UK to pin down the effects. We find that a very small proportion of the smallest firms play a crucial role in accounting for cross-country differences in job growth.
|
|
| 2. |
- Anyadike-Danes, Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
An International Comparison of the Contribution to Job Creation by High-growth Firms
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper addresses three simple questions: how should the contribution of HGFs to job creation be measured? how much does this contribution vary across countries? to what extent does the cross-country variation depend on variation in the proportion of HGFs in the business population? The first is a methodological question which we answer using a more highly articulated version of the standard job creation and destruction accounts. The other two are empirical questions which we answer using a purpose-built dataset assembled from national firm-level sources and covering nine countries, spanning the ten three year periods from 2000/03 to 2009/12. The basic principle governing the development of the accounting framework is the choice of appropriate comparators. Firstly, when measuring contributions to job creation, we should focus on just job creating firms, otherwise we are summing over contributions from firms with positive, zero, and negative job creation numbers. Secondly, because we know growth depends in part on size, the ’natural’ comparison for HGFs is with job creation by similar-sized firms which simply did not grow as fast as HGFs. However, we also show how the measurement framework can be further extended to include, for example, a consistent measure of the contribution of small job creating firms. On the empirical side, we find that the HGF share of job creation by large job creating firms varies across countries by a factor of two, from around one third to two thirds. A relatively small proportion of this cross-country variation is accounted for by variations in the influence of HGFs on job creation. On average HGFs generated between three or four times as many jobs as large non-HGF job creating firms, but this ratio is relatively similar across countries. The bulk of the cross-country variation in HGF contribution to job creation is accounted for by the relative abundance (or rarity) of HGFs. Moreover, we also show that the measurement of abundance depends upon the choice of measurement framework: the ’winner’ of a cross-national HGF ’beauty context’ on one measure will not necessarily be the winner on another.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bjuggren, Carl Magnus, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
Ownership and high-growth firms
- 2010
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Empirical studies demonstrate that most net job-growth originates from a small number of high-growth firms (HGFs). The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether firm ownership – family, or private non-family – matters for being a HGF, using data covering all firms in Sweden during 1993-2006. Firm growth is measured in terms of absolute employment growth, relative employment growth and as a combination of absolute and relative employment growth (the so-called Birch-index). We find that family ownership decreases the probability of exhibiting high growth. Changing ownership from family to private non family increases the probability of being a HGF, whereas a change from private non-family to family ownership decreases the probability of being a HGF. The results are robust, irrespective of measurement of firm growth, suggesting that ownership and changes in ownership are important determinants of rapid firm growth.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bjuggren, Carl Magnus, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
Privat och offentlig sysselsättning i Sverige 1950- 2005
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - 0345-2646. ; 37:1, s. 41-53
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ny statistik gör det möjligt att analysera den privata och offentliga sysselsättningsutvecklingen utifrån fler ägarkategorier samt verksamheters branschtillhörighet och storlek. Jämfört med tidigare har den privata sysselsättningen utvecklats svagare. Privata företag utan koncerntillhörighet uppvisar en sjunkande sysselsättning. Hade deras sysselsättning som andel av den arbetsföra befolkningen varit oförändrad skulle ytterligare 225 000 personer ha varit sysselsatta år 2005. Sysselsättningen i stora industrikoncerner har fallit kraftigt. Minskningarna förklaras rimligtvis till viss del av strukturomvandling, men också av utslagning. Den ekonomiska politikens effekter på privatpersoners incitament att starta och expandera företag bör tas upp till diskussion.
|
|
| 5. |
- Bjuggren, Carl Magnus, 1979-
(författare)
-
The Effect of Employment Protection Rules on Firm Productivity - A Natural Experiment
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper I study the effect of employment protection rules on firm productivity using micro data on Swedish firms. A reform of the employment protection rules in 2001 made it possible for small firms to exempt two employees from the last-in-first-out rules. The reform targeted only firms with less than 11 employees, representing a natural experiment. I exploit this using a difference-in-differences framework to estimate the reform's effect on labor productivity. By using firm register data I am able to get a precise estimate of labor productivity for all firms in the economy. The results indicate that the reform increased labor productivity by 2.5 percent for the treatment group of small firms compared to the control group of larger firms. This is shown to be economically significant. The results appear to be driven by the smallest firms and firms that were downsizing. When restricting the sample to include only firms that were downsizing and firms that stayed within the group of treatment and control throughout the whole time period, the estimated increase in labor productivity reaches 6 percent. This effect is likely due to a combination of a decrease in moral hazard behavior and an increased possibility for small firms to retain or lay o personnel based on the worker's idiosyncratic productivity.
|
|
| 6. |
- Johansson, Dan, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
-
High-Growth Firms and Family Ownership
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0827-6331 .- 2169-2610. ; 26:4, s. 365-385
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Empirical studies demonstrate that most net job-growth originates from a small number of high-growth firms (HGFs). The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether family ownership matters for being an HGF, using data on all private firms in Sweden during 1993–2006. Our study is possible due to a tax reform that required tax authorities to identify family relations among ultimate owners of every Swedish firm. We find that family ownership at first sight decreases the probability of exhibiting high growth, but further analysis indicates a more complex relationship. The negative effect of family ownership seems to be driven primarily by small firms, and sometimes even becomes positive when firm growth is analyzed over longer time periods. In addition, the negative effect of family ownership is no longer present when we analyze firms that transferred ownership and control for unobserved time-invariant firm-specific heterogeneity.
|
|
