| 1. |
- Bladh, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Staten, finansmarknaden och Stadshypotek
- 2002
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Ingår i: I takt och otakt med tiden. - : Ekerlids förlag, Stockholm. - 9189617193
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Holmberg, Rurik, 1967-
(författare)
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Survival of the Unfit : Path Dependence and the Estonian Oil Shale Industry
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Estonia is the only country in the world, which is totally dependent on oil shale in its energy system. Although this fossil fuel exists in enormous quantities around the world, it has so far not been utilized on a larger scale. The reasons for this have been both economic and, in recent times, ecological. It can therefore be argued that in most cases, oil shale represents an inferior solution compared to other energy sources.This work examines why a technology utilizing oil shale has developed in Estonia and why Estonia appears not to be in a position to switch to other energy sources. In this work it is claimed that oil shale actually has been an appropriate solution to short-term concerns, despite the fact that its long-term drawbacks have been identified. These circumstances led to path dependence. Once the technology was in place, it advanced along its learning curve producing a satisfactory outcome, but not an optimal one. However, this situation has been accepted due to the extremely turbulent institutional environment Estonia has undergone in the 20th century.In Sweden, a somewhat similar (but smaller) oil shale industry was shut down in the 1960s because of poor economic performance, but also because of the competition from other energy sources. Such competition did not take place in Estonia, in part due to the specific institutional set-up of the Soviet Union. This made it possible for the Estonian oil shale industry to develop further, causing the present lock-in. Today the existing infrastructure, the knowledge-base, and the particular socio-political circumstances of Estonia effectively prevent change.Furthermore, it is argued that because there was only little oil shale-related technology developed outside Estonia, most technology had to be developed domestically. This in turn has forced the Estonian oil shale industry to make several highly inconvenient alliances in order to gain room to manoeuvre. Partially as a result of this, there is today wide-spread scepticism towards the industry, but no exit in sight in the foreseeable future.One purpose of this work is to contribute to a broader understanding why human societies have become dependent on fossil fuels and to extend our knowledge on where to search for an exit.
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| 3. |
- Bladh, Elisabeth, 1975-
(författare)
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La Bible traduite en français contemporain : forme, signification et sens
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation analyses seven modern Bible translations in French with respect to their renderings of Koine Greek participles. The sample consists of the Passion Story from the four Gospels (Matt 26-28, Mark 14-16, Luke 22-24 and John 18-21), and is comprised of 603 Hellenistic participles in all. The participle forms are studied in six categories according to their syntactic function. The comparison focuses on differences in translation strategy, i.e. formal equivalence, omission and different kinds of transpositions, with special attention given to the choice of verb form. There is a discussion of the adequacy of contemporary, explicative theories of systemic differences between the passé simple/passé composé and the imparfait. A large number of examples are analysed in detail. The results of the survey show that the most prominent differences in translation strategies concern the predicative participle. Furthermore, this was the category that occurred most frequently in the sample. The Catholic scientific and literary translation La Bible de Jérusalem (1998) is the most literal of the seven versions. A high level of formal equivalence is also registered in the other scientific translation, La Traduction Œcuménique de la Bible (1988), even though application of this strategy outweighs the use of finite verbs, that is to say, the most common transposition. La Bible en français courant (1996) is the least literal: generally, it transposes the participle of the source text with a finite verb. This transposition is also very frequent in the literary La Bible de la Pléiade (1971). Most of the omissions are recorded in the recent literary La Bible, Nouvelle traduction (2001), which is shown to be the most divergent translation. Omissions are also frequent in the pastoral La Bible des moines de Maredsous (1968) and the liturgical La Traduction liturgique de la Bible (1977). When translated in conjunction with an element comprising a verb in one of the non-indicative moods (infinitive, imperative, participle and subjunctive), both the present and the aorist predicative participles are, to a large extent, rendered by a simple form, expressing non-accomplishment. However, the Bible de Jérusalem stands out with its greater use of compound present participles than any other version. When the predicative participle of the source text is transposed with a verb in the indicative mood, the passé simple is generally used to render the aorist; for the present participle, the imparfait is more frequent than the passé simple. Nevertheless, here too the passé simple accounts for a significant portion of the equivalents, especially in the two translations where transpositions formed by finite verbs are particularly important. There exist a few cases where some translators chose to use the passé simple/passé compose, while others chose the imparfait. The various details, tables and linguistic analyses in this dissertation provide a solid basis for accurately characterizing the various modern attempts made at reproduce this ancient text – a text so often translated, paraphrased, interpreted and deeply integrated in our cultural heritage.
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| 4. |
- Bladh, Mats, 1953-
(författare)
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Att bygga för boende i Stockholm
- 2008. - 1
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Ingår i: Tillväxt & tradition. Perspektiv på Stockholms moderna ekonomiska historia. - Stockholm : Stockholmia. ; , s. 249-274
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att hävda att Stockholmsområdet är Sveriges ekonomiska motor möter inte längre en storm av protester. Men hur viktig är egentligen Stockholm i den nationella och globala ekonomin och vilka faktorer ligger bakom den förändring som skett under 1900-talets senare hälft?I Tillväxt och tradition ges en översiktlig genomgång av Stockholm som finansiellt centrum, regionens politiska ekonomi, medie- och nyhetsmarknaden, den privata byggsektorn, handel och konsumtion, ikt- och life science-industrin samt det politiska beslutsfattandets roll i den regionala utvecklingen. Antologin har för avsikt att vara en ingång till Stockholms industriella och ekonomiska omvandling under efterkrigstiden.
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| 5. |
- Bladh, Mats, 1953-
(författare)
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Bokrecension : Christer Sturmark
- 2001
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Ingår i: Motströms. - 1402-9294. ; :4
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bladh, Mats
(författare)
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Electric Stories : Contributions to the history of electricity in Sweden
- 2011
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this e-book I have collected some papers written for and presented at conferences and seminars during the latter years. Together with Working Papers published at the Department of Thematic Studies–Technology and social change, Linköping University, they were all part of a larger scheme of writing a history of the Swedish electricity system circa 1880–2010. That project sought to fulfil three aims: A discussion around Hughes’ theory of “system” and “momentum”; A critical focus on deregulation; A critical study of the role of electricity in the conversion of the Swedish energy system towards “sustainability”. As that book was intended to be written in Swedish, and papers have been written in English, it seems as a good idea to collect the English papers in one volume. So, the following texts can be seen as a draft of a book yet unwritten, but they are too disparate to be completely integrated. Therefore, papers are still individual papers in this volume.The first two papers deals with the long-term development of Swedish electricity production and the advantages and short-comings of Hughes’ theory on sociotechnical systems: Did the electricity system become an unstoppable and growing force in society? Well, yes, but it met resistance. The following two focuses on deregulation: What happened when expectations of homo economicus hit real consumers? And: Can theory become reality? In short, my answer is that institutions changed, but people did not, at least not very much. The last one focus on total energy use and the role of electricity in that: Are improvements in energy efficiency useless? No, energy use has stagnated since the 1970s. After the papers I have added some afterthoughts.The main points of the first paper is that I present the many different meanings Thomas Hughes put into the concept of “momentum”. Here I suggest that one of these is the most promising, but also that optimization through the pooling of power resources is based on fundamental characteristics of power production which I call “coping with variations”. Another aspect on investments in electric power facilities, especially during the early period, was the heavy prime costs for the network, which explains why cables were laid out first in densely populated areas. I try to explain why these distribution costs fell dramatically from the 1920s to the 1950s. This has implications for the diffusion of the use of electricity outside big consumers like large industries, but also for pricing and purposes of pricing.The second paper is quite close to the momentum-discussion of the first paper, but here I suggest a distinction between “system growth” on one hand and “capacity growth” on the other. The basic idea is simple: The former refers to extensions of the electricity network from local to regional to national and international levels, the latter refers to the growth in size and capacity of power stations. While the network has continued to grow through interconnections without interruption, capacity growth met resistance from the environmental movement, especially in the 1960s and 1970s. This calls for a change in Hughes’ idea of momentum as a purely internal mechanism leaving the relation to the political environment aside.The third and fourth papers discusses deregulation of the electricity industry in Sweden. The third has a focus on households as customers, and their propensity to act as the homo economicus expected of them. This analysis is done in terms of transaction costs. The result is, of course, a contrast to the abstract consumer in the liberal economic and neoclassical vision. There are always transaction costs, this is no surprise really, but it is still necessary to point at this fact as liberal and neoclassical economics has no room for such costs. However, I also point at the possibility of householders adapting to homo economicus. As this abstraction is necessary for the alleged self-regulating mechanisms of the perfect market, learning to act on the deregulated market opens for the neoclassical market to be realized despite its unrealistic character.The fourth paper takes this idea further. In discussion with the concept of “performativity” I point at facts supporting the notion of implementation of neoclassical ideas into the real market. There was close interaction between the practice of pricing electricity within the industry and academic economist’s ideas of pricing principles. However, interactions does not necessarily lead to complete integration, there seem to be a fundamental difference between a preference for stable prices among “engineer-economists” and the preference for fluctuating prices in the short term among academic economists.The last paper is focused on the problems of energy efficiency. Improving efficiency is often mentioned in policy documents and research reports as one of the most important areas of action to solve environmental problems of today. Let me remind the reader here that I do not reduce environmental problems to the problem of global warming as “sustainable” energy sources also have negative environmental effects, albeit of a milder kind. In this paper I point at the role of all those energy-converting gadgets that we use daily, at least in the Western world, such as cars, dwellings and lamps. This study has its origin in my project on efficient lighting and the phase-out of the incandescent light bulb. The phase-out solves the problem of lock-in to a preferred and low-cost technology, and directs the change of the lighting stock to low-wattage alternatives. The paper is an effort in generalization to cars and heating of dwellings of this focus on a changing stock. The reason for doing so is that data on energy intensity falls in many countries from the 1970s onwards, at a time when environmental problems became prominent in policies.After the fifth paper follows a few afterthoughts brought to mind when papers were put together: On the character of sociotechnical system; On the role of the environmental movement and policies; And on the alleged importance of householders’ “behaviour” when improvements in energy efficiency is discussed.
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| 9. |
- Bladh, Mats, 1953-
(författare)
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En lysande framtid? : Om belysning i hemmen
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- På grundval av kombinerade intervju- och elmätdata har användning av elektrisk belysning kartlagts i detalj. Användningen varierar starkt från ett hushåll till ett annat. Elsparpotential har uppskattats på cirka 50%. Enskilda ljuspunkter står ofta för en mycket stor del av förbrukningen.
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| 10. |
- Bladh, Mats
(författare)
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Energy consumption and stocks of energy-converting artefacts
- 2012
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4215 .- 1873-6777. ; 43, s. 381-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of total energy consumption is important in a world with limited resources. It is the result of two basic tendencies working in opposite directions: growth in number and in use (such as more cars and driving more) and improvements in energy efficiency (such as more fuel-efficient engines). Since the 1970s growth of energy consumption has slowed down in Sweden. This means that increasing supply has been counteracted by measures improving overall energy efficiency to a larger degree than before. How can long-term development in energy consumption be analysed? This paper proposes a focus on stocks of energy-converting artefacts as a tool for such analyses. In order to show the fruitfulness of this approach, historical data on cars, dwellings and lamps in Sweden are used. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults from the cases in this paper show considerable gains of efficiency in fuel consumption in private cars and heating efficiency in multi-dwelling houses. Demographic factors are important for the outcome. The approach seems to promise a way to analyse energy efficiency that captures both promoting and counteracting factors at both the micro and macro level.
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