| 1. |
- Aronsson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Work conditions for workers with good long-term health
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Workplace Health Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1753-8351 .- 1753-836X. ; 3:2, s. 160-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The aim of this paper is to investigate which work- and private life factors are associated with long-term health, operationalized as low sickness absence and low sickness presence. Design/methodology/approach – A representative sample of 2,297 individuals responded to a questionnaire on two occasions at an interval of one year. In total, 28 percent were classified as having good long-term health. Findings – Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that some quality-related work environment factors were rather strongly associated with long-term health. For some variables women showed a clear dose-response pattern on the three-level scale alternatives in relation to health, while men had a more asymmetric response pattern. The results are discussed in relation to the symmetry in the work environment factors, i.e. if there are different factors that explain health and illness. Practical implications – Issues concerning health and health-enhancing factors are of considerable interest to practitioners concerned with management issues, organizational structure, and rehabilitation. Originality/value – The paper shows the importance of including a positive health variable within the health research paradigm to supplement the dominance of variables focusing on illness and disease.
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| 2. |
- Blom, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
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Applying the demand-control-support model on burnout in managers and non-managers.
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Workplace Health Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1753-8351 .- 1753-836X. ; 9:1, s. 110-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the demand-control-support (DCS) model on burnout in male and female managers and non-managers, taking into account genetic and shared family environmental factors, contributing to the understanding of mechanisms of how and when work stress is related to burnout. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 5,510 individuals in complete same-sex twin pairs from the Swedish Twin Registry were included in the analyses. Co-twin control analyses were performed using linear mixed modeling, comparing between-pairs and within-pair effects, stratified by zygosity and sex. Findings – Managers scored higher on demands and control in their work than non-managers, and female managers seem to be particularly at risk for burnout facing more demands which are not reduced by a higher control as in their male counterparts. Co-twin analyses showed that associations between control and burnout as well as between demands and burnout seem to be affected by shared family environmental factors in male non-managers but not in male managers in which instead the associations between social support and burnout seem to be influenced by shared family environment. Practical implications – Taken together, the study offers knowledge that shared environment as well as sex and managerial status are important factors to consider in how DCS is associated to exhaustion. Originality/value – Using twin data with possibilities to control for genetics, shared environment, sex and age, this study offers unique insight into the DCS research, which focusses primarily on the workplace environment rather than individual factors.
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| 3. |
- Blom, Victoria, 1975-
(författare)
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Contingent self-esteem, stressors and burnout in working women and men
- 2012
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Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 43:2, s. 123-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: A high work involvement is considered central in the burnout process. Yet, research investigating how high work involvement and psychosocial stressors relate to burnout is scarce. High involvement in terms of performance-based self-esteem (PBSE) refers to individuals’ strivings to validate self-worth by achievements, a disposition linked to poor health. The aim of the present study was to examine longitudinally PBSE in relation to burnout while also taking into account work- and private life stressors. Participants: The sample consisted of 2121 working women and men. Methods: Main- and mediation effects were investigated using hierarchical regression analysis. Results: The results showed performance-based self-esteem mediated partially between the stressors and burnout. Performance-based self-esteem was the strongest predictor of burnout over time, followed by private life stressors. Women experienced more work stress than did men. Men had stronger associations between work stressors and burnout, while women had stronger associations between performance-based self-esteem and burnout. Conclusions: Individual characteristics along with both private life and work stressors are important predictors of burnout. Factors associated with burnout differ somewhat between women and men.
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| 4. |
- Blom, Victoria, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic susceptibility to burnout in a Swedish twin cohort
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 27:3, s. 225-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most previous studies of burnout have focused on work environmental stressors, while familial factors so far mainly have been overlooked. The aim of the study was to estimate the relative importance of genetic influences on burnout (measured with Pines Burnout Measure) in a sample of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) Swedish twins. The study sample consisted of 20,286 individuals, born 1959–1986 from the Swedish twin registry who participated in the cross-sectional study of twin adults: genes and environment. Probandwise concordance rates (the risk for one twin to be affected given that his/her twin partner is affected by burnout) and within pair correlations were calculated for MZ and DZ same—and opposite sexed twin pairs. Heritability coefficients i.e. the proportion of the total variance attributable to genetic factors were calculated using standard biometrical model fitting procedures. The results showed that genetic factors explained 33% of the individual differences in burnout symptoms in women and men. Environmental factors explained a substantial part of the variation as well and are thus important to address in rehabilitation and prevention efforts to combat burnout.
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| 5. |
- Blom, Victoria, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating the Association between Job Insecurity and Burnout : The Moderating and Mediating Role of Performance-Based Self-Esteem
- 2014
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Ingår i: Book of Proceedings, 11th Conference of the European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology. - Nottingham, UK : European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology. - 9780992878603 ; , s. 94-94
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Despite an overall agreement on the negative effects of job insecurity, more knowledge needs to be generated addressing the mechanisms of why and for whom job insecurity has these negative effects. The present study aims to investigate the mechanisms of job insecurity on burnout by studying the intervening influences of performance-based self-esteem (PBSE), an individual’s self-esteem that is contingent on good performance. The participants were 13,185 twins from the Swedish Twin Registry. In order to test two potential mechanisms, PBSE was tested as a moderator as well as a mediator of the relation between job insecurity and burnout. The results showed that job insecurity was significantly associated with burnout. Moreover, PBSE slightly moderated this association; burnout increased more during job insecurity for individuals with high PBSE than for individuals with low PBSE. PBSE also partially mediated the association between job insecurity and burnout, in that experiences of job insecurity to some extent triggered PBSE, which in turn was related to burnout. It is suggested that the rather episodic character of job insecurity and its role-changing consequences contributed to the rather modest moderating and mediating effects of PBSE.
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| 6. |
- Blom, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
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Lifestyle Habits and Mental Health in Light of the Two COVID-19 Pandemic Waves in Sweden, 2020
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601 .- 1661-7827. ; 18:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic has become a public health emergency of international concern, which may have affected lifestyle habits and mental health. Based on national health profile assessments, this study investigated perceived changes of lifestyle habits in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and associations between perceived lifestyle changes and mental health in Swedish working adults. Among 5599 individuals (50% women, 46.3 years), the majority reported no change (sitting 77%, daily physical activity 71%, exercise 69%, diet 87%, alcohol 90%, and smoking 97%) due to the pandemic. Changes were more pronounced during the first wave (April-June) compared to the second (October-December). Women, individuals <60 years, those with a university degree, white-collar workers, and those with unhealthy lifestyle habits at baseline had higher odds of changing lifestyle habits compared to their counterparts. Negative changes in lifestyle habits and more time in a mentally passive state sitting at home were associated with higher odds of mental ill-health (including health anxiety regarding one's own and relatives' health, generalized anxiety and depression symptoms, and concerns regarding employment and economy). The results emphasize the need to support healthy lifestyle habits to strengthen the resilience in vulnerable groups of individuals to future viral pandemics and prevent health inequalities in society.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Blom, Victoria, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Physiological and behavioral reactivity when one's self-worth is staked on competence
- 2011
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Ingår i: Individual Differences Research. - 1541-745X .- 2169-3951. ; 9, s. 138-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Contingent self-esteem, where one‟s self-value is staked on success and competence, is a particularly vulnerable disposition with impact on well-being. This study compared physiological and behavioral reactivity between individuals self-rated as high and low in competence based self-esteem (N = 61), in a performance situation. To assess reactivity we used a traditional overt measure of blood pressure and a novel, covert, measure of response force. The results show that high scorers in competence based self-esteem exhibited an overall pattern of stronger reactivity as indicated by higher blood pressure and response force as compared to low scorers.
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| 9. |
- Blom, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
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Prestationsbaserad självkänsla och anspänning i en prestationssituation
- 2008
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Ingår i: Stressforskningskongressen, 19-20 May 2008, Uppsala, Sverige.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contingent self-esteem built on achievements and competence on a basis of impoverished fundamental self-love is labeled Competence-Based Self-Esteem (CBSE). Individuals with this cognitive-motivational structure tend to drive themselves to the extent that they risk their own health in their striving to compensate for their low basic self-esteem. This means that CBSE is a disposition that increases an individual’s vulnerability to stress and potentially increases the risk for future health problems. This study compared physiological reactivity between high and low scorers (N = 61) on ‘The Competence Based Self-esteem Scale’ (Johnson & Blom, 2007) in a performance situation. To assess reactivity we used a traditional overt measure of blood pressure and a novel, covert measure of response force measured by a sensor installed in the computer mouse. The results showed that high scorers on the CBSE scale exhibited significantly stronger physiological reactivity indicated by higher blood pressure and more forceful responses, particularly in the first phase of the performance session, as compared to low scorers. Generally, the results suggest that, when expected to perform well, individuals with high CBSE strive harder and exhibit more tension and frustration compared to those with low CBSE. These results suggest that CBSE has behavioral consequences relevant for work-related stress and ill health.
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| 10. |
- Blom, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
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Pushing oneself to ill health : Competence based self-esteem and physical reactivity
- 2008
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Ingår i: Work, stress and health conference, 6-9 March 2008, Washington, USA.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research indicates that people who have a low basic self-esteem and pursue success and competence in order to validate the self often exceed their limits. They tend to drive themselves hard to the extent that they risk their own health when striving to compensate an impoverished fundamental self-love. This vulnerable cognitive-motivational structure, labeled competence based self-esteem, is associated with wellbeing in general and with burnout in particular. The aim of the present study was to investigate experimentally the effects of Competence based self-esteem (CBSE; Johnson & Blom, 2007) by comparing high and low scorers on the scale regarding different indicators of physiological reactivity in a performance situation. On the basis of current theoretical accounts it follows that high scorers would exhibit more reactivity than low scorers.Physiological reactivity was measured by three indices of blood pressure and a non-intrusive assessment of response force, indicating momentary exertion, measured by way of a force sensor installed in the computer mouse. As a complementary index of reactivity each individual’s perceived arousal was assessed. The participants were 61 undergraduate students extracted from a pool of 220 students who had responded to a questionnaire with the CBSE scale.The results showed that high as compared to low scorers in CBSE scale exhibited significantly stronger physiological reactivity and strain/effort indicated by higher general blood pressure and more forceful responses, particularly in the first phase of the performance session. In addition, high scorers reported more perceived frustration, tension and anxiety than low scorers. Generally, the results indicate that individuals with high CBSE, when expected to perform well, strive harder with more tense and frustrated feelings than those with low CBSE. These results are in line with previous research and coincide well with the theoretical formulations behind the CBSE measure. They also suggest that CBSE has behavioral consequences with relevance for work related stress and illness. Further research will address the role of environmental stress factors for CBSE structure, which promises to shed new light on important aspects of occupational health.
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