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- Blomberg, Karin, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Interventions for compassionate nursing care : A systematic review
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - : Elsevier. - 0020-7489 .- 1873-491X. ; 62, s. 137-155
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Compassion has been identified as an essential element of nursing and is increasingly under public scrutiny in the context of demands for high quality health care. While primary research on effectiveness of interventions to support compassionate nursing care has been reported, no rigorous critical overview exists.Objectives: To systematically identify, describe and analyse research studies that evaluate interventions for compassionate nursing care; assess the descriptions of the interventions for compassionate care, including design and delivery of the intervention and theoretical framework; and to evaluate evidence for the effectiveness of interventions.Review methods: Published international literature written in English up to June 2015 was identified from CINAHL, Medline and Cochrane Library databases. Primary research studies comparing outcomes of interventions to promote compassionate nursing care with a control condition were included. Studies were graded according to relative strength of methods and quality of description of intervention. Narrative description and analysis was undertaken supported by tabulation of key study data including study design, outcomes, intervention type and results.Results: 25 interventions reported in 24 studies were included in the review. Intervention types included staff training (n=10), care model (n=9) and staff support (n=6). Intervention description was generally weak, especially in relation to describing participants and facilitators, and the proposed mechanisms for change were often unclear. Most interventions were associated with improvements in patient-based, nurse-based and/or quality of care outcomes. However, overall methodological quality was low with most studies (n=16) conducted as uncontrolled before and after studies. The few higher quality studies were less likely to report positive results. No interventions were tested more than once.Conclusions: None of the studies reviewed reported intervention description in sufficient detail or presented sufficiently strong evidence of effectiveness to merit routine implementation of any of these interventions into practice. The positive outcomes reported suggest that further investigation of some interventions may be merited, but high caution must be exercised. Preference should be shown for further investigating interventions reported as effective in studies with a stronger design such as randomised controlled trials.
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- Blomberg, Karin, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Symptoms and self-care strategies during and six months after radiotherapy for prostate cancer : Scoping the perspectives of patients, professionals and literature
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oncology Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 1462-3889 .- 1532-2122. ; 21, s. 139-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Under-diagnosed and uncontrolled symptoms in patients with prostate cancer during radiotherapy can have a negative impact on the individual's quality of life. An opportunity for patients to report their symptoms systematically, communicate these symptoms to cancer nurses and to receive self-care advice via an application in an Information and Communication Technology-platform could overcome this risk. The content in the application must precisely capture symptoms that are significant to both patients and health care professionals. Therefore, the aim of the study was to map and describe symptoms and self-care strategies identified by patients with prostate cancer undergoing radiotherapy, by health care professionals caring for these patients, and in the literature.Methods: The study combines data from interviews with patients (n ¼ 8) and health care professionals (n ¼ 10) and a scoping review of the literature (n ¼ 26) focusing on the period during and up to 6 months after radiotherapy.Results: There was a concordance between the patients, health care professionals, and the literature on symptoms during and after radiotherapy. Urinary symptoms, bowel problems, pain, sexual problems, fatigue, anxiety, depression, cognitive impairment and irregular symptoms were commonly described during the initial treatment period. Self-care strategies were rarely described in all three of the sources.Conclusions: The results show which symptoms to regularly assess using an Information and Communication Technology-platform for patients with newly-diagnosed prostate cancer during radiotherapy. The next step is to evaluate the efficacy of using the platform and the accuracy of the selected symptoms and self-care advice included in a smartphone application.
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- Blomberg, Per, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Learning opportunities for pre-service teachers to develop pedagogical content knowledge for statistical inference
- 2022
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Ingår i: Twelfth Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics Education (CERME12). - : European Society for Research in Mathematics Education. - 9791221025378 ; , s. 821-828
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, researchers have encouraged the teaching of statistical inference to students at all levels. However, what constitutes pre-service teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge for statistical inference has not yet been given specific attention in research. This paper presents a qualitative study of pre-service teachers participating in a collaborative learning setup in a mathematics course to be prepared for teaching statistics in primary school aged 6–10 years. The study reported here is the first cycle of a design research project. This first-phase study explores how pre-service teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge for statistical inference can be developed during their mathematics course. The findings show that pre-service teachers’ learning opportunities regarding pedagogical content knowledge for statistical inference are insufficient. Based on the initial results, an initial conjecture map was constructed that guides the forthcoming design cycle.
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| 6. |
- Blomberg, Yvonne
(författare)
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Att besvärja döden : Död- och återfödelsetematiken i Lars Noréns författarskap 1963-1999
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lars Norén’s poetical world is filled with the living and the dead, history and memory. This study is the first one of its kind that treats myths and religious ideas in Norén’s works. Its aim is to examine the centre of his oeuvre, namely a striving in the texts to heal disintegration and to beseech death in order to maintain a life process. The analysis is thematic and focuses on Norén’s texts from 1963-1999. The study shows that mythical patterns recur in the world of Norén’s texts. At first sight, it appears that humans face an inevitable death, but this study shows how linear time, called here chronos, measured by clocks and calendars, becomes a timeless dimension, called kairos. The main focus of the dissertation is on how the mythical dimension often acquires a healing effect. Through mythical elements and other religious ideas, a specific poetic worldview becomes clear. Characteristic of this worldview, and that which unifies it, is the theme of death and resurrection, as well as the theme of rebirth. The dissertation discusses themes such as “the mythical journey” and “the subterranean landscape of myth”, also noting those of “lilac”, “the cornfield”, “the underworld” and “the bird”. Norén responds to an extensive literary tradition when he uses vegetation and seasons of the year to illustrate life and death. The image of a tree comprises an important part of the life cycle, while leaves on a tree symbolize human death. The masks which appear in Norén’s texts are viewed here as tools for metamorphosis. In particular, the medial border magic of the mask is analysed and presented from various perspectives. A non-denominational religiosity is apparent in the texts. Ultimately it appears that great darkness coincides with mysticism’s holistic view. The author’s literary imagination expresses healing processes and mythical actors with the ability to prevent complete disintegration and final death.
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- Buckley, Yvonne M., et al.
(författare)
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Causes and consequences of variation in plant population growth rate : a synthesis of matrix population models in a phylogenetic context
- 2010
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Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 13:9, s. 1182-1197
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Explaining variation in population growth rates is fundamental to predicting population dynamics and population responses to environmental change. In this study, we used matrix population models, which link birth, growth and survival to population growth rate, to examine how and why population growth rates vary within and among 50 terrestrial plant species. Population growth rates were more similar within species than among species; with phylogeny having a minimal influence on among-species variation. Most population growth rates decreased over the observation period and were negatively autocorrelated between years; that is, higher than average population growth rates tended to be followed by lower than average population growth rates. Population growth rates varied more through time than space; this temporal variation was due mostly to variation in post-seedling survival and for a subset of species was partly explained by response to environmental factors, such as fire and herbivory. Stochastic population growth rates departed from mean matrix population growth rate for temporally autocorrelated environments. Our findings indicate that demographic data and models of closely related plant species cannot necessarily be used to make recommendations for conservation or control, and that post-seedling survival and the sequence of environmental conditions are critical for determining plant population growth rate.
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- Burns, Jean H., et al.
(författare)
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Empirical tests of life-history evolution theory using phylogenetic analysis of plant demography
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0022-0477 .- 1365-2745. ; 98:2, s. 334-344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. A primary goal of evolutionary ecology is to understand factors selecting for the diversity of life histories. Life-history components, such as time-to-reproduction, adult survivorship and fecundity, might differ among species because of variation in direct and indirect benefits of these life histories in different environments or might have lower-than-expected variability because of phylogenetic constraints. Here, we present a phylogenetic examination of demography and life histories using a data base of 204 terrestrial plant species. 2. Overall, statistical models without phylogeny were preferred to models with phylogeny for vital rates and elasticities, suggesting that they lacked phylogenetic signal and are evolutionarily labile. However, the effect of phylogeny was significant in models including sensitivities, suggesting that sensitivities exhibit greater phylogenetic signal than vital rates or elasticities. 3. Species with a greater age at first reproduction had lower fecundity, consistent with a cost of delayed reproduction, but only in some habitats (e.g. grassland). We found no evidence for an indirect benefit of delayed reproduction via a decrease in variation in fecundity with age to first reproduction. 4. The greater sensitivity and lower variation in survival than in fecundity was consistent with buffering of more important vital rates, as others have also found. This suggests that studies of life-history evolution should include survival, rather than only fecundity, for the majority of species. 5. Synthesis. Demographic matrix models can provide informative tests of life-history theory because of their shared construction and outputs and their widespread use among plant ecologists. Our comparative analysis suggested that there is a cost of delayed reproduction and that more important vital rates exhibit lower variability. The absolute importance of vital rates to population growth rates (sensitivities) exhibited phylogenetic signal, suggesting that a thorough understanding of life-history evolution might require an understanding of the importance of vital rates, not just their means, and the role of phylogenetic history.
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- Göransson, Carina, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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An app for supporting older people receiving home care - usage, aspects of health and health literacy : a quasi-experimental study
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making. - London : BioMed Central. - 1472-6947. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: During the last decade, there has been an increase in studies describing use of mHealth, using smartphones with apps, in the healthcare system by a variety of populations. Despite this, few interventions including apps are targeting older people receiving home care. Developing mobile technology to its full potential of being interactive in real time remains a challenge. The current study is part of a larger project for identifying and managing health concerns via an app by using real-time data. The aim of the study was to describe older people's usage of an app and to evaluate the impact of usage on aspects of health and health literacy over time.METHODS: A quasi-experimental design was employed. Seventeen older people self-reported health concerns via Interaktor twice a week for 3-months and answered questionnaires at baseline, the end of the intervention and at a 6-month follow-up. Logged data on app usage and data on Sense of Coherence, Health Index, Nutrition Form for the Elderly, Geriatric Depression Scale-20, Swedish Communicative and Critical Health Literacy and Swedish Functional Health Literacy were collected and analysed using descriptive and non-parametric inferential statistics.RESULTS: The median usage of the app as intended was 96%. Pain was one of the most reported health concerns and was also the health concern that triggered an alert (n = 33). The older people's communicative and critical health literacy improved significantly over time. Regarding the scores of Sense of Coherence, Health Index, Nutritional Form for the Elderly, Geriatric Depression Scale-20 and Swedish Functional Health Literacy scale, there were no significant differences over time.CONCLUSIONS: The high app usage showed that an app may be a suitable tool for some older people living alone and receiving home care. The results indicate that the usage of Interaktor can support older people by significantly improving their communicative and critical health literacy. Aspects of health were not shown to be affected by the usage of the app. Further research with larger sample is needed for evaluation the effect on health literacy, and which aspects of health of importance to support by an app.
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