| 1. |
- Arason, Adalgeir, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide search for breast cancer linkage in large Icelandic non-BRCA1/2 families
- 2010
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Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-5411 .- 1465-542X. ; 12:4, s. R50-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chromosomes 2p, 6q and 14q are candidate sites for genes contributing together to high breast cancer risk. A polygenic model is supported, suggesting the joint effect of genes in contributing to breast cancer risk to be rather common in non-BRCA1/2 families. For genetic counselling it would seem important to resolve the mode of genetic interaction.
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| 2. |
- Blomqvist, Donald, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Trapped in the extinction vortex? Strong genetic effects in a declining vertebrate population
- 2010
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Ingår i: BMC Evolutionary Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2148. ; 10:33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity are expected to increase the extinction risk of small populations, but detailed tests in natural populations are scarce. We combine long-term population and fitness data with those from two types of molecular markers to examine the role of genetic effects in a declining metapopulation of southern dunlins Calidris alpina schinzii, an endangered shorebird. RESULTS: The decline is associated with increased pairings between related individuals, including close inbreeding (as revealed by both field observations of parentage and molecular markers). Furthermore, reduced genetic diversity seems to affect individual fitness at several life stages. Higher genetic similarity between mates correlates negatively with the pair's hatching success. Moreover, offspring produced by related parents are more homozygous and suffer from increased mortality during embryonic development and possibly also after hatching. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate strong genetic effects in a rapidly declining population, emphasizing the importance of genetic factors for the persistence of small populations.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Blomqvist, Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Public Health Insurance and Optimal Income Taxation
- 1982
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- If individuals differ not only in their inherent capacity to earn income, but also in the probability that they will fall ill, can subsidized public health insurance be justified on the grounds that it serves as an efficient tool to redistribute welfare? This question is analyzed in a model where the social welfare function is a weighted average of individual expected utilities, and where taxation is by a linear income tax. The answer is "yes", except in certain special cases.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Chapman, Ben, et al.
(författare)
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To boldly go: individual differences in boldness influence migratory tendency.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X. ; 14, s. 871-876
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ecology Letters (2011) ABSTRACT: Partial migration, whereby only a fraction of the population migrates, is thought to be the most common type of migration in the animal kingdom, and can have important ecological and evolutionary consequences. Despite this, the factors that influence which individuals migrate and which remain resident are poorly understood. Recent work has shown that consistent individual differences in personality traits in animals can be ecologically important, but field studies integrating personality traits with migratory behaviour are extremely rare. In this study, we investigate the influence of individual boldness, an important personality trait, upon the migratory propensity of roach, a freshwater fish, over two consecutive migration seasons. We assay and individually tag 460 roach and show that boldness influences migratory propensity, with bold individuals being more likely to migrate than shy fish. Our data suggest that an extremely widespread personality trait in animals can have significant ecological consequences via influencing individual-level migratory behaviour.
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| 9. |
- Claesson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Annual variation in elemental, dioxin and PCB content within Swedish waste fuels : results from two plants
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings Sardinia 2009, Twelfth International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium S. Margherita di Pula, Cagliari, Italy; 5-9 October 2009. ; , s. 347-348
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper reports on the annual variation of the composition of waste fuels fed to two different Waste to Energy (WtE) plants in Sweden. Twelve waste fuel samples from one year of sampling in each plant were analysed with Ion Chromatography and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy to study the variation of elements within and between the fuels of the two different plants and also to investigate any seasonal variations. The ultimate analyses show that the composition was rather similar throughout the sampling period for both plants, respectively. However, there was a larger variation in the content of ash forming elements within and between the plants. Trace metals, present in low concentrations, showed the widest relative variation. The samples were also analysed for dioxin and PCB content. The reported average value for all samples is 29 ± 15 ng I-TEQ dioxin per kilo dry waste. The calculated toxicity of twelve PCB congeners, reported as WHO-PCB, is less or close to the detection limit < 0.02 μg PCB WHO-TEQ per kilo dry waste.
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| 10. |
- Coignard, J, et al.
(författare)
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A case-only study to identify genetic modifiers of breast cancer risk for BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1, s. 1078-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breast cancer (BC) risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers varies by genetic and familial factors. About 50 common variants have been shown to modify BC risk for mutation carriers. All but three, were identified in general population studies. Other mutation carrier-specific susceptibility variants may exist but studies of mutation carriers have so far been underpowered. We conduct a novel case-only genome-wide association study comparing genotype frequencies between 60,212 general population BC cases and 13,007 cases with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. We identify robust novel associations for 2 variants with BC for BRCA1 and 3 for BRCA2 mutation carriers, P < 10−8, at 5 loci, which are not associated with risk in the general population. They include rs60882887 at 11p11.2 where MADD, SP11 and EIF1, genes previously implicated in BC biology, are predicted as potential targets. These findings will contribute towards customising BC polygenic risk scores for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.
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