| 1. |
- Andreassen, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Kokbok för förändringsledare : Metdoder för att stötta engagerade människor att förverkliga idéer
- 2020
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det här är en kokbok för förändringsledare. Du kan använda denna bok om du ska leda utvecklingsaktiviteter och letar efter bra och beprövade metoder för att leda grupper och processer. Vi beskriver metoderna som vi har använt inom vårt projekt SMICE, i vilket sammanhang metoderna använts och när de olika metoderna fungerat bra. Vår förhoppning med att nedteckna dessa metoder är att du ska inspireras och vågar prova något nytt för att skapa nytta. Vi tror att ett detaljerat sätt att dokumentera metoderna gör dem mer användbara för dig men också för oss själva. Metoderna är graderade efter vilket behov av förkunskap och förberedelser du behöver, från det enklaste, där du kan öppna kokboken och använda metoden på en gång, till metoder som kräver utbildning eller specialistkompetens innan du sätter igång. Boken är indelad i fyra huvuddelar; Starta, Forma, Utveckla och förankra och Bygga vidare. Till dessa delar har vi identifierat metodstöd som kan användas vid en rad olika tillfällen; vid idégenerering, vid idéutveckling, vid affärsutveckling, för att inspirera, för att skapa samsyn och samverkan och för att mobilisera större grupper av människor och organisationer. Något för alla, alltså. Avslutningsvis finner du tips och stöd för att driva dessa utvecklingsprocesser på distans med digitala verktyg i digitala möten. Ska vi sammanfatta någon lärdom av detta arbete så blir det våra nycklar som presenteras på nästa sida. Du kan se dessa nycklar som våra bästa råd för att du ska lyckas med ditt arbete med att leda processer och att ordna möten. Lycka till! Metoderna har testats och utvecklats inom SMICE - Samskapande Mittnordisk Innovationsarena för Cirkulär Ekonomi, ett projekt inom Interreg som pågått 2017-2020.
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| 2. |
- Antonson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Crash Barriers and Driver Behavior : A Simulator Study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Traffic Injury Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1538-9588 .- 1538-957X. ; 14:8, s. 874-880
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The study examines how drivers experience a conventional W-beam guardrail (metal crash barrier) along both sides of narrow versus wider roads (single carriageway with 2 lanes) in terms of stress, feelings, and driving patterns and whether subjective experience concurs with the actual driving patterns captured by the quantitative data.Methods: The study used different methods to capture data, including the VTI Driving Simulator III (speed and lateral vehicle position) in conjunction with electrocardiogram (ECG) data on heart rate variability (HRV) and questionnaires (oral during driving and written after driving). Eighteen participants-8 men and 10 women-were recruited for the simulator study and the simulator road section was 10 km long.Results: Driving speeds increased slightly on the wider road and on the road with a crash barrier, and the lateral driving position was nearer to the road center on the narrower road and on the road with a crash barrier. The HRV data did not indicate that participants experienced greater stress due to road width or due to the presence of a crash barrier. Participant experience captured in the oral questionnaires suggested that road width did not affect driver stress or driving patterns; however, the written questionnaire results supported the simulator data, indicating that a wider road led to increased speed. None of the participants felt that crash barriers made them feel calmer.Conclusions: We believe that there is a possibility that the increased speed on roads with crash barriers may be explained by drivers’ sense of increased security. This study demonstrates that an experimental design including experience-based data captured using both a simulator and questionnaires is productive. It also demonstrates that driving simulators can be used to study road features such as crash barriers. It seems more than likely that features such as street lamps, signs, and landscape objects could be tested in this way. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
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| 3. |
- Antonson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Landscape heritage objects' effect on driving : a combined driving simulator and questionnaire study.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 62, s. 168-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to the literature, landscape (panoramas, heritage objects e.g. landmarks) affects people in various ways. Data are primarily developed by asking people (interviews, photo sessions, focus groups) about their preferences, but to a lesser degree by measuring how the body reacts to such objects. Personal experience while driving a car through a landscape is even more rare.In this paper we study how different types of objects in the landscape affect drivers during their drive. A high-fidelity moving-base driving simulator was used to measure choice of speed and lateral position in combination with stress (heart rate measure) and eye tracking. The data were supplemented with questionnaires. Eighteen test drivers (8 men and 10 women) with a mean age of 37 were recruited. The test drivers were exposed to different new and old types of landscape objects such as 19th century church, wind turbine, 17th century milestone and bus stop, placed at different distances from the road driven.The findings are in some respect contradictory, but it was concluded that that 33% of the test drivers felt stressed during the drive. All test drivers said that they had felt calm at times during the drive but the reason for this was only to a minor degree connected with old and modern objects. The open landscape was experienced as conducive to acceleration. No significant differences could be observed concerning the test drivers' gaze between old or modern objects, but a significant difference was observed between the test drivers' gaze between road stretches with faraway objects and stretches without objects.
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| 4. |
- Blomqvist, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Acoustic tag recordings of social pulse sounds in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in human care during intra-specific aggressive interactions
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The tag recorded 549 regular click trains, 1056 slow and irregular pulse trains and 255 pulse bursts in 70 and 120 kHz band-pass filter bands. Pulse bursts occurred in high intensity aggressive situations, with animals face-to-face at close distance. Plotting peak repetition rate (PRR) against sound duration, two clusters were found, with a mean PRR of 642 pulses per second (pps) and 76 pps, respectively, and a mean sound duration of 110 msec and 224 msec, respectively. In 1085 audio band pulse sounds, recorded with a stationary hydrophone during 25 aggressive interactions between two females, also two PRR vs. sound duration clusters were found, with mean values 148 pps/203 msec, and 550 pps/196 msec, respectively. Also > 1 sec long pulse trains with <200 pps repetition rate were found, including "Machine-gun" sounds, which often initiated an aggressive interaction, when one animal aimed its rostrum at another from a distance. If the targeted animal turned towards the aggressor, they approached each other face-to-face, displaying "Open mouth", "Head & pectoral fin jerk" and "Jaw clap" behaviours, concurrent with "Pulse burst" emissions. We propose that these directional pulse sounds are analogous to the facial expressions seen in e.g. aggressive primates and canids, offering the dolphin the possibility to express underlying emotions, and to address aggressive signals to selected con-specifics. The strong, omni-directional audio band component allows others to monitor the progress of the aggressive interaction.
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| 5. |
- Blomqvist, Christer, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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An acoustic play-fight signal in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in human care
- 2005
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Ingår i: Aquatic Mammals. - 0167-5427 .- 1996-7292. ; 31:2, s. 187-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Play-fighting is common in many mammals, especially among juveniles and subadults, providing a safe opportunity to practice behaviours important in adult life. To prevent escalation into a potentially dangerous real fight, play-fighting often is accompanied by acoustic and/or visual appeasement behaviours. We studied aggressive and play-fight behaviours in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) at the Kolmården Djurpark. The results showed that play-fighting subadult dolphins emitted a characteristic sound, which was never observed in aggressive interactions. This was a short pulse burst followed by an FM-whistle. By plotting pulse repetition rate (PRR) vs. duration of the bursts, two main clusters were found. The bottom cluster had a mean PRR of 59 pulses per second (pps), and a mean duration of 154 msec. The top cluster had a mean PRR of 502 pps and a mean duration of 149 msec. These play-fight clusters were compared separately to corresponding adult aggressive pulse burst clusters. Taking both PRR and duration into consideration, no significant difference was found between the top clusters, or between the bottom clusters, in the two age groups. The trailing whistles were divided into five different frequency contour categories. These did not resemble the signature whistles of any of the play-fighting dolphins. The average start and end frequencies were 13.0 kHz and 10.1 kHz, respectively, and the maximum and minimum frequencies were 13.7 kHz and 7.0 kHz, respectively. The mean duration was 410 msec. Based on the fact that this sound occurred only in play-fights, we propose that it helps prevent a play-fight from escalating into a real fight and, hence, is analogous to the "laugh" and "chuckle" seen in apes.
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| 6. |
- Blomqvist, Christer, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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An acoustic tag for recording, directional, pulsed ultrasounds aimed at free-swimming Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) by conspecifics
- 2004
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Ingår i: Aquatic Mammals. - 0167-5427 .- 1996-7292. ; 30:3, s. 345-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We developed an acoustic tag, called MOSART (MObile Submersible Acoustic Recorder of Transients), for recording directional social pulses produced by a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). The tag was attached to the dorsal fin of two dolphins by means of suction cups. Two adult bottlenose dolphins at the Kolmårdens Djurpark, Sweden, were trained to carry the tag comfortably through a desensitising program. The tag included two envelope click-detectors, each with a narrow bandpass filter, centred at 120 and 70 kHz, respectively. The duration of the original pulses and their relative amplitude within the two filter frequency bands was retained. The amplitude differences between the two filter bands reflected changes in the source frequency spectrum and/or the position of the tag hydrophone in the incoming sound beam. The tag recorded "echolocation click trains," "slow and irregular pulses," and "pulse bursts" with varying amounts of energy in both frequency bands. The peak amplitude and duration of clicks in "echolocation click trains" and in "slow and irregular pulses" were logged correctly; however, the tag recorder had more difficulties in handling the complex pulses in the aggressive "pulse bursts," where the duration of the individual pulses could not be determined. Still, the amplitude and the pulse repetition rate could be measured. The possible impact of the tag was investigated by analysing the dolphin's behaviours (12 categories), sounds (3 categories), preferred location in the pool, and respiration intervals. Only four of the behaviours and one preferred location in the pool showed significant differences among pre-tag baselines, tag periods, and post-tag follow-ups, suggesting that the tag had only a minor impact on the dolphin. We describe and discuss the tag and its capacity to record different pulsed sounds.
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| 7. |
- Blomqvist, Christer, 1963-
(författare)
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Directional aggressive pulse sounds in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops Truncatus) : technical aspects and social implications
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ability of dolphins to produce pulse sounds with a bandwidth of up to 150 kHz, has been intensively studied with focus on their sonar capabilities, i.e. the detection, ranging and discrimination of objects of various shapes, textures and material. The sonar pulses have been found to be directional, with a -3db beam width of about 10 degrees in both the vertical and the horizontal plane, and with the beam axis ea. 5 degrees above that of the rostrum. Pulse sounds also frequently occur in social situations (Paper I), but studies of these sounds traditionally have been limited to their audio band, omni-directional components. Hypothesising that social pulse sounds in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) also were directional, early recordings within this study were done across a net barrier, in a narrow channel connecting two pools, to increase the probability to record such sounds with a fixed hydrophone. These recordings confirmed the presence of ultrasonic frequencies in pulse sounds emitted in aggressive interactions, where the interacting animals were oriented face-to-face on either side of the net barrier. There were also indications that they were directional (Paper I). These sounds also had a pronounced energy peak <20 kHz, considerably louder than sonar clicks, making them sound loud to the human ear. Pulse trains of low pulse repetition rate and long duration (> 1 sec), labelled "Machine-gun" sound, occurred frequently in the initial phase of the aggressive interactions. While emitting this sound, the animal kept its rostrum, and possibly the sound beam axis aimed at the agonist, suggesting that it was deliberately used to expose the opponent to powerful broadband pulse sounds, probably to provoke a fight (Paper III).To avoid the restrictions on the behaviour imposed on the dolphins by the net barrier setup, an acoustic tag system was developed (Paper II). The tag was attached to the receiving dolphin instead of the transmitter, and made it possible to study the use of the directionality of the pulse sounds in social contexts, while the interacting dolphins were fully free-swimming. The tag, based on click detectors, recorded the envelope of pulses within two narrow band pass frequency filters, centred on 70kHz and 120kHz, respectively (Paper II). The tag recordings verified the presence of energy within both filter frequency bands in social pulse sounds, in particular in aggressive interactions (Paper III). This thesis suggests that thedirectionality of such pulse sounds is used intentionally to address social signals to a specific individual, or group of individuals. The relatively loud omni-directional audio band component will facilitate for nearby conspecifics to monitor the progress of the interaction. It will also make the signal clearly audible to the opponents throughout an interaction, even if they may be tumbling around, being unable to keep the sound beam axis aimed at the other. Similar pulse bursts were recorded in association with what was interpreted as play-fight, between subadults and juveniles (Paper IV). However, unlike the real aggressive bursts, these bursts had a trailing FM whistle, and this combined signal is suggested to be an appeasement signal, analogous with the laugh and giggle observed in apes. It is supposed to prevent play-fights from escalating into physical and potentially dangerous real fights. It was never recorded in true aggressive interactions among adults.There were individual differences between the animals in amount of received directional pulse sounds while carrying the tag (Paper III). The socially most active of the females, having an intermediate position in the dominance hierarchy, received significantly more directional pulse sounds than the other, socially less active, but higher ranked female. The breeding male received the least number of pulse sounds. This lends support to the presence of "echolocation manners", as suggested by Johnson and Norris (1994), making it socially unacceptable to aiming the sonar beam towards conspecifics unless the intention is to conveying a social message.Dolphins lack the facial plasticity playing a dominant role in the social life of many terrestrial mammals, e.g. primates, canids and felids. This directional signal modality is used to express internal emotions and can be addressed to selected individuals, further stressed by a direct glare. Dolphins completely lack such a facial plasticity but most likely not the need for expressing emotions. This thesis suggests that in dolphins the facial expressions may have been replaced bydirectional pulse sounds. The facial expressions in e.g., wolves, is supposed to be the result of a mixture of dominance/aggression vs. submission/fear emotions. We propose that the pulse sounds, seen in the aggressive interactions, reflect a similar mix of feelings. Obvious parameters in such a graded social signal system are pulse repetition rate, amplitude, duration and power spectrum. To study this further a broadband acoustic tag, preferably attached to several animals simultaneously, is required.
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| 8. |
- Blomqvist, Christer, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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High-frequency burst-pulse sounds in agonistic/aggresive interactions in bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus
- 2004
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Ingår i: Echolocation in bats and dolphins. - Chicago : The University of Chicago Press. - 0226795993 - 0226684466 - 9780226795997 ; , s. 425-431
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Although bats and dolphins live in very different environments, are vastly different in size, and hunt different kinds of prey, both groups have evolved similar sonar systems, known as echolocation, to locate food and navigate the skies and seas. While much research has been conducted over the past 30 years on echolocation in bats and dolphins, this volume is the first to compare what is known about echolocation in each group, to point out what information is missing and to identity future areas of research. "Echolocation in Bats and Dolphins" consists of six sections: mechanisms of echolocation signal production; the anatomy and physiology of signal reception and interpretation; performance and cognition; ecological and evolutionary aspects of echolocation mammals; theoretical and methodological topics; and possible echolocation capability in other mammals, including shrews, seals and baleen whales. Animal behaviourists, ecologists, physiologists and both scientists and engineers who work in the field of bioacoustics should benefit from this book.The objectives of this study were to investigate whether burst-pulse sounds emitted in aggressive interactions contain ultrasonic frequencies similar to the sonar sounds and to describe their repetition rate patterns and concurrent visual behavior patterns.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Blomqvist, Lisa A., 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Proteomic analysis of highly purified prolamellar bodies reveals their significance in chloroplast development
- 2008
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Ingår i: Photosynthesis Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0166-8595 .- 1573-5079. ; 96:1, s. 37-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prolamellar body (PLB) proteome of dark-grown wheat leaves was characterized. PLBs are formed not only in etioplasts but also in chloroplasts in young developing leaves during the night, yet their function is not fully understood. Highly purified PLBs were prepared from 7-day-old dark-grown leaves and identified by their spectral properties as revealed by low-temperature fluorescence spectroscopy. The PLB preparation had no contamination of extra-plastidal proteins, and only two envelope proteins were found. The PLB proteome was analysed by a combination of 1-D SDS-PAGE and nano-LC FTICR MS. The identification of chlorophyll synthase in the PLB fraction is the first time this enzyme protein was found in extracts of dark-grown plants. This finding is in agreement with its previous localization to PLBs using activity studies. NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase A (PORA), which catalyses the reduction of protochlorophyllide to chlorophyllide, dominates the proteome of PLBs. Besides the identification of the PORA protein, the PORB protein was identified for the first time in dark-grown wheat. Altogether 64 unique proteins, representing pigment biosynthesis, photosynthetic light reaction, Calvin cycle proteins, chaperones and protein synthesis, were identified. The in number of proteins' largest group was the one involved in photosynthetic light reactions. This fact strengthens the assumption that the PLB membranes are precursors to the thylakoids and used for the formation of the photosynthetic membranes during greening. The present work is important to enhance our understanding of the significance of PLBs in chloroplast development.
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