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- Blomqvist, Maria K., 1975, et al.
(author)
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High-throughput analysis of sulfatides in cerebrospinal fluid using automated extraction and UPLC-MS/MS
- 2017
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In: Journal of Lipid Research. - 0022-2275. ; 58:7, s. 1482-1489
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sulfatides (STs) are a group of glycosphingolipids that are highly expressed in brain. Due to their importance for normal brain function and their potential involvement in neurological diseases, development of accurate and sensitive methods for their determination is needed. Here we describe a high-throughput oriented and quantitative method for the determination of STs in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The STs were extracted using a fully automated liquid/liquid extraction method and quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. With the high sensitivity of the developed method, quantification of 20 ST species from only 100 mu l of CSF was performed. Validation of the method showed that the STs were extracted with high recovery (90%) and could be determined with low inter-and intra-day variation. Our method was applied to a patient cohort of subjects with an Alzheimer's disease biomarker profile. Although the total ST levels were unaltered compared with an age-matched control group, we show that the ratio of hydroxylated/nonhydroxylated STs was increased in the patient cohort. In conclusion, we believe that the fast, sensitive, and accurate method described in this study is a powerful new tool for the determination of STs in clinical as well as preclinical settings.-Blomqvist, M., J. Boren, H. Zetterberg, K. Blennow, J-E. Mansson, and M. Stahlman. High-throughput analysis of sulfatides in cerebrospinal fluid using automated extraction and UPLC-MS/MS.
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| 2. |
- Blomqvist, Maria K., 1975, et al.
(author)
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In vivo administration of the C16:0 fatty acid isoform of sulfatide increases pancreatic sulfatide and enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in Zucker fatty (fa/fa) rats
- 2005
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In: Diabetes Metab Res Rev. - : Wiley. ; 21:2, s. 158-66
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Sulfatide is present in the secretory granules of beta cells and has been shown, in vitro, to be involved in insulin processing and secretion. Of particular interest is one of the major sulfatide isoforms in the beta cells, the C16:0 fatty acid isoform, which has been shown to be involved in insulin crystal preservation in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of C16:0 fatty acid isoform of sulfatide to affect insulin secretion and/or action and glycaemic control in the adipogenic 'prediabetic' Zucker rat. METHODS: The C16:0 sulfatide was administered to Zucker rats for 10 weeks, and fasting levels of plasma insulin and glucose were measured as well as levels after an intravenous (i.v.) glucose load. In addition, the sulfatide expression, examined by thin-layer chromatography-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and mass spectrometry, in the pancreas of C16:0 sulfatide-treated Zucker rats was compared to controls. RESULTS: The in vivo treatment of Zucker rats with C16:0 sulfatide resulted in significantly elevated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (60-80% increase, p < 0.05), without significant changes in glucose tolerance. The treatment was associated with an ameliorated first-phase insulin response (3-4-fold, p = 0.009, 0.016) and a 60% increase of pancreatic sulfatide content (p = 0.001), possible by an uptake of C16:0 sulfatide. The fasting hyperinsulinaemia and blood glucose levels were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment with C16:0 sulfatide elevates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and enhances sulfatide content in the pancreas of Zucker rats.
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| 3. |
- Rhost, Sara, et al.
(author)
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Identification of novel glycolipid ligands activating a sulfatide-reactive, CD1d-restricted, type II natural killer T lymphocyte
- 2012
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In: European Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0014-2980. ; 42:11, s. 2851-2860
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sulfatide-reactive CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) lymphocytes belong to the type II NKT cell subset with diverse TCRs, and have been found to regulate experimental auto-immune encephalomyelitis, tumor immunity, and experimental hepatitis in murine models. NKT cells can be activated by self-lipids presented by CD1d, manifested as autoreactivity. The identity of most of these self-lipids remains unknown. By isolating lipids from a CD1d-expressing, highly stimulatory antigen presenting cell, we identified isoforms of beta-glucosylceramide (GlcCer), with sphingosine and fatty acid chain lengths of C24:0 and C16:0, that activated a sulfatide-reactive type II NKT cell hybridoma. A screen of structurally related glycosphingolipids demonstrated beta-galactosylceramide (GalCer) as another ligand, and further, that the lysoforms were the most potent isoform of the glycosphingo-lipid ligands, followed by isoforms with a long fatty acid chain of C24. Thus, the same type II NKT cell was activated by several ligands, namely sulfatide, GlcCer, and GalCer. However, CD1d-dependent reactivity to antigen presenting cells lacking all GlcCer-based glycosphingolipids, or all glycosphingolipids, was maintained. This suggests that other endogenous, nonglycosphingolipid, lipid ligands contribute to steady-state autoreactivity by type II NKT cells.
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| 7. |
- Blomqvist, Jan, 1946-
(author)
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Av egen kraft - med andras stöd
- 2013
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In: Hjälpande möten i vård och omvärld. - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147105373 ; , s. 182-210
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 9. |
- Blomqvist, Jan, 1946-
(author)
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Beyond treatment? : widening the approach to alcohol problems and solutions
- 1998
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The dissertation includes four different studies which, from different points of departure, aim to illuminate problems and prospects of social work with alcohol problems in contemporary Sweden.Paper 1 analyses the historical succession of predominant public images of, and societal responses to, alcohol problems in Sweden during the past century. The analysis distinguishes between a moral, an enlightenment, a medical and a compensatory approach to these problems. The main development in society's handling of alcohol problems is described to have been a gradual shift from the moral to the medical approach, despite the fact that the compensatory approach is in many respects the one most akin to the general social policy ideal of Sweden. The paper concludes by discussing the future prospects of community-based approaches to alcohol problems, relying on the assumptions of the latter approach.Paper 2 scrutinises, based on reanalyses of a variety of empirical sources, developments within residential care for substance misusers in Sweden during the past three decades. The results of these analyses belie several popular notions about the role of institutions in social work with alcohol problems. Thus they show, in contrast to claims in some public reports, that the annual number of alcohol misusers cared for decreased during most of the 1980s, already before the major decrease in the beginning of the 1990s. Further, they show that residential care has - despite a growing "treatment rhetoric" over the years - been primarily utilised for a rather small group of long-term misusers with severe social problems, and with a pattern of repeated - and often prematurely interrupted - admissions and readmissions over a long succession of years.Paper 3 reviews and discusses the significance of research on "spontaneous recovery" from substance misuse and treatment outcome research. The paper outlines and develops further the notion that there may be "common elements" or mechanisms in all successful change processes, whether these include professional interventions or not. Formal treatment is further discussed in terms of temporary interventions in the client's life course, which may, if successful, facilitate and accelerate "naturally" occurring rehabilitation processes. The paper concludes by proposing a closer integration of research on "spontaneous recovery" and treatment outcome research, as a way of learning more about the potential interplay between life events, formal interventions and change of lifestyle.Paper 4 is an account of an attempt to put the ideas of Paper 3 into practice, by comparing subjects who recovered from severe alcohol problems without formal assistance, with subjects who were assisted in doing so. Comparisons were made with regard to drinking patterns and occurrences of significant life events during a period of time, encapsulating four years before and two years after the resolution, and with regard to subjects' attributions as to what initiated and maintained recovery. As regards drinking patterns and event occurrences, comparisons were further made with assisted and unassisted subjects with current alcohol problems. The results indicate that initial attempts to solve the drinking problem and initial help-seeking, as well as long-term maintenance of the resolution, are influenced by environmental factors, operating outside the context of formal treatment. Unassisted remitters showed greater social stability before the resolution than assisted remitters, more often stated positive incentives for trying to change their lifestyle, and more often tapered their drinking gradually. The results underline the need to consider and try to harness contextual factors when planning individually directed and preventive measures.In an introductory chapter, the four papers are linked together by an examination of prevailing theoretical models of alcohol problems, and the outlining of an overarching perspective that accounts for habitual ex-cessive drinking as a "central activity" in the drinker's way of life. Finally, some joint implications of the four papers, with regard to social work with alcohol problems, and with regard to future research, are discussed.
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