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- Bengtsson Ryberg, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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The Effects of Wind Power on Human Interests : A Synthesis
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- PrefaceThere is a great need for knowledge concerning the impacts of wind power on humans, landscapes, the marine environment, birds, bats and other mammals.Previous studies of these environmental impacts have lacked an overall view of the effects. This has led to deficiencies in the processes surrounding the establishment of new wind farms. Vindval is a knowledge programme undertaken as a collaboration between the Swedish Energy Agency and the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Its aim is to gather and communicate scientific knowledge about the impacts of wind power on people and the natural environment. The programme continues until 2013.Vindval comprises some 30 individual research projects, together with four synthesis projects. Syntheses are prepared by experts, who compile and assess overall research results and experience regarding the effects of wind power in four different areas – humans, birds/bats, marine life and terrestrial mammals.The results of this research and synthesis work will provide a basis for environmental impact assessments and for the planning and permitting processes associated with wind power installations. Vindval requires high standards in the review and approval of research proposals, in order to ensure high-quality reports. The same high standards apply to the reporting, approval and publication of research results from the projects.This report was written by Johanna Bengtsson Ryberg, Gösta Bluhm, Karl Bolin, Bosse Bodén, Kristina Ek, Karin Hammarlund, Marianne Henningsson, Inga-Lena Hannukka, Carina Johansson, Sofia Jönsson, Sanna Mels, Tom Mels, Mats Nilsson, Erik Skärbäck, Patrik Söderholm, Åsa Waldo, Ingegärd Widerström, Niklas Åkerman.This report is a translation of the previous report in Swedish “Vindkraftens påverkan på människors intressen” (Naturvårdsverket report no 6497). Translated by Sofia Jönsson.The contents of the report are the responsibility of the authors.
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| 2. |
- Bluhm, Gösta, et al.
(författare)
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Buller.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Barns hälsa och miljö i Stockholms län 2006. - : Stockholms läns landsting, Stockholm. - 9163190230 ; , s. 113-126
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Noise is an environmental problem that affects children both at school and home. This chapter summarizes the results on noise disturbances from the “Children’s environment and health survey” conducted in Stockholm County in year 2003. It was found that children were most disturbed by noise at school. Thirty per cent of all 8- and 12 year old children in Stockholm County were annoyed by noise at school, mainly noise from other children. Children in Stockholm County were exposed to more noise in their homes than children in other parts of Sweden. Almost 50 % of children in inner city Stockholm and 20 % in the rest of the County were living in apartments with windows facing a major road, railway or industry. Eighteen per cent of all 8- and 12-year olds were disturbed by noise in their homes. Slightly less than 6 % reports that noise disturbed school homework or speech communication, whereas 4 % reported difficulties in falling asleep due to noise in the home. Approximately three per cent of parents to all 4-, 8- and 12-year old children reported that their children have reduced hearing, and three per cent of 8- and 12-year old children reported that they have tinnitus. It is concluded that noise in dwellings and schools should be reduced in order to provide good and healthy sound environments for children. Furthermore, the sound environment should be considered already at the planning stage, in order to minimize indoor and outdoor noise exposure in future dwellings and schools.
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| 3. |
- Bolin, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Infrasound and low frequency noise from wind turbines : exposure and health effects
- 2011
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Ingår i: Environmental Research Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-9326. ; 6:3, s. 035103-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wind turbines emit low frequency noise (LFN) and large turbines generally generate more LFN than small turbines. The dominant source of LFN is the interaction between incoming turbulence and the blades. Measurements suggest that indoor levels of LFN in dwellings typically are within recommended guideline values, provided that the outdoor level does not exceed corresponding guidelines for facade exposure. Three cross-sectional questionnaire studies show that annoyance from wind turbine noise is related to the immission level, but several explanations other than low frequency noise are probable. A statistically significant association between noise levels and self-reported sleep disturbance was found in two of the three studies. It has been suggested that LFN from wind turbines causes other, and more serious, health problems, but empirical support for these claims is lacking.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Rosenlund, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Daily intake of magnesium and calcium from drinking water in relation to myocardial infarction
- 2005
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Ingår i: Epidemiology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1044-3983 .- 1531-5487. ; 16:4, s. 570-576
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:A decreased risk for cardiovascular disease has been related to the hardness of drinking water, particularly high levels of magnesium. However, the evidence is still uncertain, especially in relation to individual intake from water.METHODS:We used data from the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program, a population-based case-control study conducted during 1992-1994, to study the association between myocardial infarction and the daily intake of drinking water magnesium and calcium. Our analyses are based on 497 cases age 45-70 years, and 677 controls matched on age, sex, and hospital catchment area. Individual data on magnesium, calcium, and hardness of the domestic drinking water were assessed from waterwork registers or analyses of well water.RESULTS:After adjustment for the matching variables and smoking, hypertension, socioeconomic status, job strain, body mass index, diabetes, and physical inactivity, the odds ratio for myocardial infarction was 1.09 (95% confidence interval = 0.81-1.46) associated with a tap water hardness above the median (>4.4 German hardness degrees) and 0.88 (0.67-1.15) associated with a water magnesium intake above the median (>1.86 mg/d). There was no apparent sign of any exposure-response pattern related to water intake of magnesium or calcium.CONCLUSIONS:This study does not support previous reports of a protective effect on myocardial infarction associated with consumption of drinking water with higher levels of hardness, magnesium, or calcium.
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| 7. |
- Selander, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Aircraft noise annoyance at outdoor living spaces
- 2013
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Ingår i: 42nd International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering. - Wien : Austrian Noise Abatement Association. ; , s. 4982-4986
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Swedish guideline value for aircraft noise of 70 dB LAmax (time-weighting Slow) is intended to protect residential outdoor living spaces, such as balconies, patios and terraces. To provide empirical foundation for a revision of this policy, a questionnaire study was conducted among residents living close to seven Swedish airports. The questionnaire included questions on aircraft noise annoyance as experienced the dwelling’s outdoor living space. About 3100 persons answered the questionnaire (response rate 65%). Annoyance responses were linked to aircraft noise exposure, LAmax and Lden, calculated using the Integrated Noise Model (INM 7.0). A consistent relationship was found between, on the one hand, the number of aircraft events ≥ 70 dB LAmax, and, on the other hand, the proportion of residents annoyed by aircraft noise at their outdoor living space. The proportion of annoyed residents increased rapidly from exposures greater than 3-5 events per day and evening. The same trend was found for activity disturbances at outdoor living spaces, in particular for disturbances related to speech communication, such as conversatiobn or radio listening. In the present sutdy, a large majority of residents exposed to 3-5 aircraft events ≥ 70 dB LAmax were exposed to less than 50 dB Lden (outdoor at the façade), which suggest that Lden-guideline-values exceeding 50 dB may not protect against noise annoyance at outdoor living spaces.
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| 8. |
- Selander, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Joint effects of job strain and road-traffic and occupational noise on myocardial infarction
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 39:2, s. 195-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the joint effect of job strain and both road-traffic and occupational noise on myocardial infarction (MI). METHOD: We conducted a population based case-control study on first time MI in Stockholm County during 1992-1994. Participants answered a questionnaire and underwent a physical examination. Residential road-traffic noise exposure was based on residential history combined with information on traffic intensity and distance to nearby roads. Occupational noise exposure was assessed by occupational history combined with a job-exposure matrix derived from measurements. Job strain was based on questions regarding psychological demands and decision latitude. A total of 3050 study participants (1252 cases and 1798 controls) were included in the study. RESULTS: An increased risk of MI was indicated among participants exposed to road-traffic noise [odds ratio (OR) 1.23, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.01-1.51], occupational noise (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.98-1.41) and job strain (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.17-1.65). Participants exposed to one, two, or three of these factors showed an increased risk (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.97-1.40, OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.24-1.98, and OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.41-3.64, respectively). Exposure to two or three of these factors occurred among about 20% of the controls. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that exposure to a combination of noise exposure and job strain increases the risk of MI substantially. Such exposures affect a considerable part of the population, which has relevance for prioritization of preventative measures.
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| 9. |
- Selander, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Long-Term Exposure to Road Traffic Noise and Myocardial Infarction
- 2009
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Ingår i: Epidemiology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. - 1044-3983 .- 1531-5487. ; 20:2, s. 272-279
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: An association has been reported between long-term exposure to road traffic noise and the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), but the evidence is limited and inconclusive. No previous study has simultaneously analyzed the role of exposure to noise and air pollution from road traffic in the risk of MI. Methods: A population-based case-control study on MI was conducted 1992-1994 in Stockholm County. Participants answered a questionnaire and underwent a physical examination. Residential exposure to noise and air pollution from road traffic between 1970 and 1992-1994 was assessed for 3666 participants (1571 cases of MI and 2095 controls), based on residential history combined with information on traffic intensity and distance to nearby roads. Information was also obtained on factors potentially affecting the relationship between noise exposure and MI, such as noise annoyance. Results: The correlation between long-term individual exposure to noise and air pollution from traffic was high (r = 0.6). The adjusted odds ratio for MI associated with long-term road traffic noise exposure of 50 dBA or higher was 1.12 (95% confidence interval = 0.95-1.33). In a subsample, defined by excluding persons with hearing loss or exposure to noise from other sources, the corresponding odds ratio was 1.38 (1.11-1.71), with a positive exposure-response trend. No strong effect modification was apparent by sex or cardiovascular risk factors, including air pollution from road traffic. Conclusions: The results lend some support to the hypothesis that long-term exposure to road traffic noise increases the risk for MI.
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| 10. |
- Selander, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Saliva cortisol and exposure to aircraft noise in six European countries.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Environmental health perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 1552-9924 .- 0091-6765. ; 117:11, s. 1713-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Several studies show an association between exposure to aircraft or road traffic noise and cardiovascular effects, which may be mediated by a noise-induced release of stress hormones. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to assess saliva cortisol concentration in relation to exposure to aircraft noise. METHOD: A multicenter cross-sectional study, HYENA (Hypertension and Exposure to Noise near Airports), comprising 4,861 persons was carried out in six European countries. In a subgroup of 439 study participants, selected to enhance the contrast in exposure to aircraft noise, saliva cortisol was assessed three times (morning, lunch, and evening) during 1 day. RESULTS: We observed an elevation of 6.07 nmol/L [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.32-9.81 nmol/L] in morning saliva cortisol level in women exposed to aircraft noise at an average 24-hr sound level (L(Aeq,24h)) > 60 dB, compared with women exposed to L(Aeq,24h) < or = 50 dB, corresponding to an increase of 34%. Employment status appeared to modify the response. We found no association between noise exposure and saliva cortisol levels in men. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that exposure to aircraft noise increases morning saliva cortisol levels in women, which could be of relevance for noise-related cardiovascular effects.
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