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- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, My, et al.
(författare)
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Optogenetic control of human neurons in organotypic brain cultures
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optogenetics is one of the most powerful tools in neuroscience, allowing for selective control of specific neuronal populations in the brain of experimental animals, including mammals. We report, for the first time, the application of optogenetic tools to human brain tissue providing a proof-of-concept for the use of optogenetics in neuromodulation of human cortical and hippocampal neurons as a possible tool to explore network mechanisms and develop future therapeutic strategies.
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| 9. |
- Chu, Thi My Chinh, et al.
(författare)
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OTFS Modulation for Non-Terrestrial Networks : Concepts, Applications, Benefits, and Challenges
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023 16th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication System, ICSPCS 2023 - Proceedings. - : IEEE. - 9798350333510
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fifth generation (5G), beyond 5G (B5G), and future sixth generation (6G) mobile networks are foreseen to increasingly account for heterogeneous networks toward ubiquitous communications with non-terrestrial networks (NTNs). Furthermore, in 5G mobile networks, massive machine type communications has been introduced for Internet of Things (IoT) applications aiming at low energy consumption, low to medium data rates, burst transmissions, and massive connectivity. It is expected that IoT communications will take an even larger portion in B5G and 6G mobile networks. Robust communications in such high-mobility NTN deployments including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), airborne platforms, and satellite systems, need novel modulation waveforms that can deal with the induced severe Doppler effects. Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation has gained tremendous interest in recent years as an effective technology for coping with high Doppler channels. OTFS essentially transforms a time-varying fading channel into a quasi-static channel in the delay-Doppler domain. In this paper, for the first time, an overview on OTFS modulation for NTNs is provided including basic concepts and applications in UAVs, airborne networks, and satellite systems. A case study related to an application in high Doppler airborne communication networks is also provided to illustrate the potential of OTFS modulation in providing robust transmission links in high-mobility scenarios. This survey will be helpful for researchers and practitioners to keep abreast about the potential of OTFS modulation in NTNs. © 2023 IEEE.
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| 10. |
- Chu, Thi My Chinh, et al.
(författare)
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Performance Assessment of OTFS Modulation in High Doppler Airborne Communication Networks
- 2022
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Ingår i: Mobile Networks and Applications. - : Springer. - 1383-469X .- 1572-8153. ; 27:4, s. 1746-1756
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emerging 5G and future 6G mobile networks are expected to cater for high mobility scenarios ranging from vehicle-to-vehicle communications to unmanned aerial vehicles and airborne platforms. Communications in this type of deployments suffer from severe Doppler shifts which require new modulation waveforms. Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation has recently been proposed as a promising technology for coping with high Doppler channels. OTFS converts a time-varying fading channel into a time-independent channel in the two-dimensional delay-Doppler (DD) domain. The transmit symbols are multiplexed into a nearly constant channel with a complex channel gain in the DD domain. In this paper, we consider a high Doppler airborne communication network where relative mobile node speeds can be above 1200 m/s. The considered system represents a mobile ad-hoc network where the airborne mobile nodes can join or leave the network. Furthermore, each node is equipped with an antenna array that supports directed communication among mobile nodes. The Doppler shifts in this airborne communication network are in the order of 52-72 kHz and may potentially be even higher depending on the selected carrier frequency and the relative speed among the airborne platforms. As such, OTFS modulation is used in this work to efficiently compensate for the high Doppler shifts in the DD domain. In particular, a comprehensive performance assessment in terms of bit error rate (BER) is conducted to reveal the potential of OTFS modulation in dealing with such extreme transmission scenarios. The impact of physical layer parameters, number of delay-Doppler bins in the DD domain used for OTFS modulation, directed versus two-ray channels, and the combination of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with OTFS modulation on the BER is assessed. It is shown that both OTFS modulation over a two-ray channel as well as MIMO-OTFS modulation provide a reliable airborne communication network with low BER. © 2022, The Author(s).
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