| 1. |
- Watson, Hunna J., et al.
(författare)
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Common Genetic Variation and Age of Onset of Anorexia Nervosa
- 2022
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Ingår i: BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE. - : Elsevier BV. - 2667-1743. ; 2:4, s. 368-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Genetics and biology may influence the age of onset of anorexia nervosa (AN). The aims of this study were to determine whether common genetic variation contributes to age of onset of AN and to investigate the genetic associations between age of onset of AN and age at menarche.METHODS: A secondary analysis of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium genome-wide association study (GWAS) of AN was performed, which included 9335 cases and 31,981 screened controls, all from European ancestries. We conducted GWASs of age of onset, early-onset AN (,13 years), and typical-onset AN, and genetic correlation, genetic risk score, and Mendelian randomization analyses.RESULTS: Two loci were genome-wide significant in the typical-onset AN GWAS. Heritability estimates (single nucleotide polymorphism-h2) were 0.01-0.04 for age of onset, 0.16-0.25 for early-onset AN, and 0.17-0.25 for typical-onset AN. Early-and typical-onset AN showed distinct genetic correlation patterns with putative risk factors for AN. Specifically, early-onset AN was significantly genetically correlated with younger age at menarche, and typical-onset AN was significantly negatively genetically correlated with anthropometric traits. Genetic risk scores for age of onset and early-onset AN estimated from independent GWASs significantly predicted age of onset. Mendelian randomization analysis suggested a causal link between younger age at menarche and early -onset AN.CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide evidence consistent with a common variant genetic basis for age of onset and implicate biological pathways regulating menarche and reproduction.
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| 2. |
- Benamira, M., et al.
(författare)
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Structural and Electrical Properties of Gadolinia-doped Ceria Mixed with Alkali Earth Carbonates for SOFC Applications
- 2007
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Ingår i: SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS 10 (SOFC-X), PTS 1 AND 2. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 9781566775540 ; , s. 2261-2268
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The properties of composite materials based on mixtures of gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) and Li(2)CO(3)-K(2)CO(3) are analyzed as potential SOFC electrolytes. In a temperature range higher than 500 degrees C, their ionic conductivity is significantly higher than for single GDC. Discontinuities were found in the conductivity Arrhenius diagram (sigma vs. 1/T) around the melting point of the carbonate mixture (490 degrees C), showing, at least partially, the contribution of molten carbonates. At this stage, precise mechanisms are still under analysis.
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| 3. |
- Bodén, Andreas, 1990-
(författare)
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3D super-resolution microscopy of living cells using reversibly switchable fluorophores
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Traditional optical microscopy techniques are limited in spatial resolution due to the wave nature of light. This means that neighboring objects separated by a distance smaller than about 200 nm cannot be distinguished. Super‑resolution microscopy techniques overcome this limitation by utilizing specific light-matter interactions of fluorescent labels to encode finer spatial detail into the recorded data. Regrettably, current super‑resolution approaches often increase the complexity of sample preparation as well as the energy, time, and invasiveness of the imaging scheme compared to conventional imaging techniques. This makes many of these techniques ill‑suited for imaging the dynamics of living cells. Since many biological studies rely on highly spatially resolved data containing three‑dimensional and temporally dynamic information, developing super‑resolution techniques toward the goal of acquiring such data is vital. With this work, we take several important steps in this direction by utilizing reversibly switchable fluorescence proteins (RSFPs) together with new illumination patterns that allow for a parallelized data acquisition scheme. Even low intensity illumination patterns can induce photo‑switching of the RSFPs and generate specific patterns of fluorescent emission that carry high‑resolution spatial information in all three dimensions. By using RSFPs in a parallelized acquisition scheme, temporally extended recordings can be acquired with low illumination intensities and at high speed. In addition to the imaging schemes, we present a theoretical framework for modelling the impact that RSFP properties on image formation and show how different imaging parameters affect the final image quality. We predict and explore the effect of labelling density and photobleaching on single and timelapse recordings, taking into consideration the stochasticity of labelling and fluorophore fatigue. We also present a new family of red‑shifted RSFPs that can be imaged without the need for near‑UV illumination, allowing even less invasive live‑cell imaging. This work aims to not only provide new tools for imaging, but also to contribute to a better understanding of the underlying concepts and to facilitate future developments of super-resolution microscopy for bio-imaging applications.
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| 4. |
- Bodén, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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A Model for Mass Transport of Molten Alkali Carbonate Mixtures Applied to the MCFC
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 153:11, s. A2111-A2119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A one-dimensional model based on the Stefan-Maxwell formulation for mass transfer of the main components of a binary molten carbonate electrolyte, including all of the nonidealities, was formulated and applied to the molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC). The Stefan-Maxwell diffusion coefficients were determined from literature transport data; still, a narrow parameter window in electrolyte composition and temperature had to be used to keep the integrity of the fits. The model for calculation of the electrolyte composition was combined with equations describing the current distribution in the electrodes and the electrolyte. The calculated results of the electrolyte composition changes show that they depend predominantly on the current density and the total electrolyte filling degree. It was also concluded that the electrolyte composition changes are less then two percent for Li/K and five percent for Li/Na. This model demonstrates how experimental data measured at equilibrium conditions may be used to determine Stefan-Maxwell diffusion coefficients and then applied to a transport model for the electrolyte, in this case an MCFC.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bodén, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Conductivity of SDC and (Li/Na)2CO3 composite electrolytes in reducing and oxidising atmospheres
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Power Sources. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7753 .- 1873-2755. ; 172:2, s. 520-529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Composite electrolytes made of samarium-doped cerium oxide and a mixture of lithium carbonate and sodium carbonate salts are investigated with respect to their structure, morphology and ionic conductivity. The composite electrolytes are considered promising for use in so called intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFC), operating at 400-600 degrees C. The electrolytes are tested in both gaseous anode (reducing) and cathode (oxidising) environments and at different humidities and carbon dioxide partial pressures. For the structure and morphology measurements, it was concluded that no changes occur to the materials after usage. From measurements of melting energies, it was concluded that the melting point of the carbonate salt phase decreases with decreasing fraction of carbonate salt and that a partial melting occurs before the bulk melting point of the salt is reached. For all the composites, two regions may be observed for the conductivity, one below the carbonate salt melting point and one above the melting point. The conductivity is higher when electrolytes are tested in anode gas than when tested in cathode gas, at least for electrolytes with less than half the volume fraction consisting of carbonate salt. The higher the content of carbonate salt phase, the higher the conductivity of the composite for the temperature region above the carbonate melting point. Below the melting point, though, the conductivity does not follow this trend. Calculations on activation energies for the conductivity show no trend or value that indicates a certain transport mechanism for ion transport, either when changing between the different composites or between different gas environments.
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| 7. |
- Bodén, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of the anode pore-size distribution and total electrolyte filling degree on the MCFC performance
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 155:2, s. B172-B179
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Experimental data of the total cell reaction resistance as a function of the total electrolyte filling degree was measured to investigate how more electrolyte initially may be added to get as long a cell lifetime as possible. The reaction resistance of each electrode was also measured using two gas compositions and various total electrolyte filling degrees. A theoretical model for the distribution of electrolyte between the anode and the cathode as a function of the total electrolyte filling degree was used to compare the experimental data in this study with data from a symmetrical cell setup. The model takes into account the electrode pore-size distributions and considers two cases for the contact angle between the electrode and the electrolyte for the anode: a zero wetting angle (fully wetted) or reported experimental values for the wetting angle on pure Ni. It was concluded that after the cathode initially has been sufficiently filled with electrolyte the anode pores have to be smaller than the remaining ones of the cathode to allow having the anode act as a reservoir to prolong cell lifetime. The results from the experimental data and the theoretical model for electrolyte distribution were compared with results from a symmetrical setup.
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| 8. |
- Bodén, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Mass transport in molten alkali carbonate mixtures
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proc. Electrochem. Soc.. - 9781566775144 ; , s. 151-161
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A one-dimensional model based on Stefan-Maxwell theory of mass transfer was used to calculate the composition changes of the electrolyte in MCFC. Stefan-Maxwell diffusivities were calculated from conductivity and transport number data and used in the model. The composition changes calculated agreed with experimental results for lithium-potassium carbonate but less for lithium-sodium. The time dependent change of composition was also calculated but this could not explain the difference. In addition, the influence of the porosity of the fuel cell components, together with the electrolyte filling degree, was calculated and this showed a large influence on the composition change.
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| 9. |
- Bodén, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting resolution and image quality in RESOLFT and other point scanning microscopes [Invited]
- 2020
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Ingår i: Biomedical Optics Express. - : The Optical Society. - 2156-7085. ; 11:5, s. 2313-2327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance of fluorescence microscopy and nanoscopy is often discussed by the effective point spread function and the optical transfer function. However, due to the complexity of the fluorophore properties such as photobleaching or other forms of photoswitching, which introduce a variance in photon emission, it is not trivial to choose optimal imaging parameters and to predict the spatial resolution. In this paper, we analytically derive a theoretical framework for estimating the achievable resolution of a microscope depending on parameters such as photoswitching, labeling densities, exposure time and sampling. We developed a numerical simulation software to analyze the impact of reversibly switchable probes in RESOLFT imaging.
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| 10. |
- Bodén, Andreas, 1977-
(författare)
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The anode and the electrolyte in the MCFC
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A goal of the Swedish government is to increase the usage of renewable fuels and biomass-based fuels. Fuel cells, and especially the MCFC, are useful for these types of fuels. The Swedish market may benefit from the MCFC in two ways: increased efficiency of the biofuels and also utilisation of produced heat in district heating. Most of the commercial MCFC systems today are optimised for use with methane. The possibility to utilise biomass in Sweden makes it important to study how the MCFC may be adapted or optimised for good performance and low degradation with gas produced from biomass or other renewable fuels. This thesis is focused on methods that may be used to investigate and evaluate MCFC electrodes and electrolytes with renewable fuels i.e. CO2-containing gases. The methods and results are both experimental and mathematically modelled. The objectives of this thesis are to better understand how the performance of the anode is dependent on different fuels. Anode kinetics and the water-gas shift reaction have been investigated as well as the possibility to increase cell lifetime by increasing the initial electrolyte amount by having the anode as a reservoir. The effect of segregation of cations in the electrolyte during operation has also been studied. It was found that if the gas composition at the current collector inlet is in equilibrium according to the water gas-shift reaction the gas composition inside the electrode is almost uniform. However, if the gas is not in equilibrium then the concentration gradients inside the current collector have a large effect on the gas composition inside the electrode. The conversion of the gas in the gas flow channels according to the water-gas shift reaction depends on the gas flow rate. For an anode used in a gas mixture of humidified hydrogen and carbon dioxide that are not in equilibrium some solubility of Ni in a (Li/Na)2CO3 mixture was found. To have the anode act as an electrolyte reservoir to prolong cell lifetime the anode pore size should be carefully matched with that of the cathode and a bimodal pore-size distribution for the anode is preferable to have as good performance as possible for as large electrolyte filling degree interval as possible. Modelling results of segregation of cations in the electrolyte during operation indicate that the electrolyte composition changes during operation and that the lithium ions are enriched at the anode for both types of electrolyte used for the MCFC. The electrolyte composition changes are small but might have to be considered in long-time operation. The results from this thesis may be used to better understand how the MCFC may be used for operation with renewable fuels and how electrodes may be designed to prolong cell lifetime.
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