| 1. |
- Bodén, Ida, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Characterization of healthy skin using near infrared spectroscopy and skin impedance
- 2008
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In: Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0140-0118 .- 1741-0444. ; 46:10, s. 985-995
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and skin impedance (IMP) spectroscopy are two methods suggested for diagnoses of diseases inducing adverse effects in skin. The reproducibility of these methods and their potential value in non-invasive diagnostics were investigated. Measurements were performed in vivo on healthy skin at five anatomic body sites on eight young women. partial least squares discriminant analysis showed that both methods were useful for classification of the skin characteristics at the sites. Inter-individually the NIR model gave 100% correct classification while the IMP model provided 92%. Intra-individually the NIR model gave 88% correct classification whereas the IMP model did not provide any useful classification. The correct classification was increased to 93% when both datasets were combined, which demonstrates the value of adding information. Partial least squares discriminant analysis gave 72% correct predictions of skin sites while the combined model slightly improved to 73%.
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| 2. |
- Bodén, Ida, et al.
(author)
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Development and optimization of a novel skin impedance instrument
- 2005
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In: Proceedings of the 13th Nordic-Baltic Conference of BioMedical Engineering and Medical Physics. - : Swedish Society for Medical Engineering and Medical Physics. ; , s. 162-163
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A novel skin impedance instrument is presented. The reproducibility and stability of the measurements where evaluated with multivariate techniques and a tendency to separate different skin types with skin impedance measurements is seen.
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| 3. |
- Bodén, Ida, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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In vivo skin measurements with a novel probe head for simultaneous skin impedance and near-infrared spectroscopy
- 2011
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In: Skin research and technology. - : Wiley. - 0909-752X .- 1600-0846. ; 17:4, s. 494-504
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background/purpose: Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and skin impedance (IMP) measurements are useful techniques for objective diagnostics of various skin diseases. Here, we present a combined probe head for simultaneous, time-saving NIR spectroscopy and skin impedance measurements. The probe also ensures that both measurements are performed under equal conditions and at the same skin location.Methods: Finite element method simulations were performed for evaluation of the impedance. In vivo skin measurements were performed and combined NIR and impedance spectra were analysed by means of multivariate methods with respect to body location, age and gender. The classification rate was determined by a planar discriminant analysis. Reproducibility was investigated by calculation of scatter values and statistical significance between overlapping groups was assessed by the calculation of intra-model distances, q.Results: The novel probe yielded rapid reproducible results and was easy to manage. Significant differences between skin locations and to a lesser extent age groups and gender were demonstrated.Conclusion: With the novel probe, statistically significant differences between overlapping classes in score plots can be confirmed by calculating intra-model distances. The influence of molecular differences in the skin at different body locations is larger than the influence of gender or age and therefore relevant reference measurements are discussed.
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| 4. |
- Bodén, Ida, 1977-
(author)
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Near infrared and skin impedance spectroscopic in vivo measurements on human skin : development of a diagnostic tool for skin cancer
- 2011
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Every year approximately 2800 Swedes are diagnosed with malignant melanoma, the form of cancer that is most rapidly increasing in incidence in the Western world. The earlier we can identify and diagnose a malignant melanoma, the better is the prognosis. In Sweden, 155 000 benign naevi, harmless skin tumours or moles, are surgically excised each year, many of them because melanoma cannot be dismissed by non-invasive methods. The excisions result in substantial medical costs and cause unrest and suffering of the individual patient. For untrained physicians, it is often difficult to make an accurate diagnosis of melanoma, thus a tool that could help to strengthen the diagnosis of suspected melanomas would be highly valuable. This thesis describes the development and assessment of a non-invasive method for early skin cancer detection. Using near infrared (NIR) and skin impedance spectroscopy, healthy and diseased skin of various subjects was examined to develop a new instrument for detecting malignant melanoma. Due to the complex nature of skin and the numerous variables involved, the spectroscopic data were analysed multivariately using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and partial leas square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The reproducibility of the measurements was determined by calculating Scatter Values (SVs), and the significance of separations between overlapping groups in score plots was determined by calculating intra-model distances. The studies indicate that combining skin impedance and NIR spectroscopy measurements adds value, therefore a new probe-head for simultaneous NIR and skin impedance measurements was introduced. Using both spectroscopic techniques it was possible to separate healthy skin at one body location from healthy skin at another location due to the differences in skin characteristics at various body locations. In addition, statistically significant differences between overlapping groups of both age and gender in score plots were detected. However, the differences in skin characteristics at different body locations had stronger effects on the measurements than both age and gender. Intake of coffee and alcohol prior to measurement did not significantly influence the outcome data. Measurements on dysplastic naevi were significantly separated in a score plot and the influence of diseased skin was stronger than that of body location. This was confirmed in a study where measurements were performed on 12 malignant melanomas, 19 dysplastic naevi and 19 benign naevi. The malignant melanomas were significantly separated from both dysplastic naevi and benign naevi. Overall, the presented findings show that the instrument we have developed provides fast, reproducible measurements, capable of distinguishing malignant melanoma from dysplastic naevi and benign naevi non-invasively with 83% sensitivity and 95% specificity. Thus, the results are highly promising and the instrument appears to have high potential diagnostic utility.
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| 5. |
- Bodén, Ida, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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NIR and skin impedance spectroscopic measurements for studying the effect of coffee and alcohol on skin, and dysplastic naevi
- 2012
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In: Skin research and technology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0909-752X .- 1600-0846. ; 18:4, s. 486-494
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background/purpose: Near infrared (NIR) and impedance spectroscopy can be used for clinical skin measurements and need to be evaluated for possible confounding factors; (a) are skin conditions of the patient and the subsequent skin measurements influenced by alcohol and/or coffee consumption and (b) are measurements of dysplastic naevi (DN) reproducible over time and significantly different compared to reference skin.Methods: NIR and skin impedance spectroscopic data were analysed multivariately. In the first study, the skin characteristics of 15 healthy individuals were examined related to body location, gender, individual differences, and consumption of coffee or alcohol. The second study included five patients diagnosed with dysplastic naevi syndrome (DNS). Measurements were taken on DN and reference skin over time.Results: In the first study, body location and gender had a major influence on measurement scores. Inter-individual skin characteristics and coffee or alcohol effects on skin characteristics were of minor importance. In the second study, it was shown that DN can be differentiated from reference skin and the measurements are stable over time.Conclusions: Moderate consumption of alcohol and coffee did not influence the results of the measurements. It is possible to follow, stable or changed, characteristics of DN over time.
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| 6. |
- Bodén, Ida, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Non-invasive identification of melanoma with near-infrared and skin impedance spectroscopy
- 2013
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In: Skin research and technology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0909-752X .- 1600-0846. ; 19:1, s. e473-e478
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background/purpose: An early diagnosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma is of high importance for good prognosis. An objective, non-invasive instrument could improve the diagnostic accuracy of melanoma and decrease unnecessary biopsies. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of Near infrared and skin impedance spectroscopy in combination as a tool to distinguish between malignant and benign skin tumours.Methods: Near infrared and skin impedance spectra were collected in vivo on 50 naevi or suspect melanomas prior to excision. Received data was analysed with multivariate techniques and the results were compared to histopathology analyses of the tumours. A total of 12 cutaneous malignant melanomas, 19 dysplastic naevi and 19 benign naevi were included in the study.Results: The observed sensitivity and specificity of the proposed method were 83% and 95%, respectively, for malignant melanoma.Conclusions: The results indicate that the combination of near infrared and skin impedance spectroscopy is a promising tool for non-invasive diagnosis of suspect cutaneous malignant melanomas.
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| 7. |
- Bodén, Ida
(author)
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The roles of the plasminogen activator and matrix metalloproteinase systems in ovulation and corpus luteum formation
- 2004
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Proteases of the plasminogen activator (PA) and the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzyme systems are expressed in the ovulatory follicle and in the developing corpus luteum (CL). However, the functional role of these extracellular degrading protease systems in the ovulatory and CL development processes remains elusive. The first aim of this thesis was to develop a mouse model to study gonadotropin-induced CL formation. The second aim was to study the involvement of the PA and the MMP systems in gonadotropin-induced ovulation, and in CL formation and function.A mouse model for gonadotropin-induced CL formation was developed in order to control the timing of CL formation. In this model, immature mice were induced to ovulate by administrating gonadotropins and the endogenous prolactin surges were mimicked by administration of prolactin twice daily from day 2 of CL development. We observed that steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) mRNA was highly expressed at days 3 and day 6 of CL development and the levels remained high until late stages of CL regression.Since mice lacking plasminogen (plg-/-) only have a 14% reduction of ovulation efficiency, our hypothesis was that the MMP system could compensate for the loss of plasminogen. When administrating the MMP-inhibitor galardin to gonadotropin-primed ovulating mice, we found that wild-type mice (plg+/+ and C67BL/J6) and heterozygous mice (plg+/-) had an 18-20% reduction in ovulation efficiency as compared to untreated mice.Two models for CL formation, the adult pseudopregnant (psp) mouse model and a model whereby immature gonadotropin-primed mice were treated with prolactin, were used to study the formation and function of the CL in plg-/- mice treated with galardin. At day 3 of CL development, we found no alterations other than a slightly lower number of CL in plg-/- mice. This is most likely a secondary effect of the lower ovulation efficiency found in these mice. On the other hand, we found a 54% reduction in serum progesterone levels in plg-/- mice and a 37% reduction in the plg+/- mice as compared to wild type mice. At day 6 of CL development we saw a 45 % reduction of serum progesterone level in the plg-/- mice and a 22 % reduction in the plg+/- mice. A similar trend was observed at day 3 of CL development in immature gonadotropinprimed mice treated with prolactin. Galardin treatment did not alter the results significantly and the CLs were healthy and viable in these mice.In conclusion, our data suggest that both plasminogen and MMPs, alone or in combination, are dispensable for ovulation and for the formation of a viable CL under the conditions used in this study. The reduced serum progesterone levels observed in the plg-/- mice did not appear to be a result of defective CL formation. Instead, plasmin may have a novel role in the maintenance of luteal function. StAR expression may also be a good marker for CL development and regression in mice.
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| 8. |
- Bodén, Robert, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Suppressing visual hallucinations in an adolescent by occipital transcranial magnetic stimulation: A single-case experimental research design.
- 2021
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In: Neuropsychological rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1464-0694 .- 0960-2011. ; 33:2, s. 346-55
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Visual hallucinations after central or peripheral impairment, commonly called Charles Bonnet syndrome, are often highly distressing and with few available treatment options. Here we report a case where an adolescent developed severely distressing visual hallucinations after hypoxic damage to the occipital cortex following a suicide attempt. The patient received active and sham occipital continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) in a single-case experimental research design and a subsequent open phase, to evaluate cTBS as a Charles Bonnet treatment. The visual hallucinations seemed to decrease more during active than sham cTBS in the blind phase, and in the following week of repeated five daily treatments they almost disappeared. A normalization of increased activity in the lateral visual network after cTBS was observed on a functional magnetic resonance imaging resting-state analysis compared with 42 healthy controls. Visual evoked potentials stayed largely unchanged both in the sham-controlled blind phase and the subsequent open phase. During the two weeks after the open phase with repeated cTBS sessions, the visual hallucinations gradually reappeared and almost returned to the baseline level. Our findings suggest that active cTBS over the primary visual cortex can reduce visual hallucinations through modulation of downstream visual regions, though the effect is temporally limited.
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| 9. |
- Edvall Malm, Disa, 1965-, et al.
(author)
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FATI : Utvärdering 2004 - 2014
- 2015
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Sundsvalls kommun har årligen sedan 2009 avsatt förvaltningsgemensamma medel till FATI, Förebyggande Arbete och Tidiga Insatser. Medlen syftar till att skapa trygga och goda uppväxtförhållanden för barn och unga. Dessutom också att förstärka och skapa samverkan inom och mellan förvaltningar och mellan kommun och externa aktörer. Medlen kan sökas av kommunala verksamheter, föreningar och frivilliga organisationer.Utvärderingen av FATI pågick från september 2014 till och med januari 2015. Syftet med utvärderingen var att analysera och värdera ifall de sociala investeringar, som gjorts inom ramen för FATI, uppnått målsättningarna med goda och trygga uppväxtförhållanden samt stimulerat till samverkan. Utvärderingen har ett vetenskapligt upplägg och kan ligga till grund för kommunens fortsatta arbete med sociala investeringar.Både effekter av och processer inom FATI har studerats. För utvärderingens kvantitativa del har befintlig data som skulle kunna mäta uppväxtförhållanden kartlagts och beräkningar gjorts. För utvärderingens kvalitativa del samlades materialet in genom granskning av kommunens dokument samt intervjuer med politiker, tjänstemän och projektledare. Programteori har använts för att lyfta fram underliggande antaganden om hur FATI är tänkt att fungera och hur det fungerar.Några centrala resultat av utvärderingen är att:FATI-arbetet i Sundsvall inneburit en långsiktig politisk satsning som gett omfattande samverkan i bostadsområdena mellan ett starkt föreningsliv, civilsamhället och lokala kommunala aktörer.Sundsvalls kommun har sedan 2009 satsat 27 miljoner i drygt 80 olika projekt.FATI har genom åren har haft stor betydelse för de barn och unga som berörts av medlen. De som deltagit har fått: bättre självkänsla, provat olika idrotter, spelat musik, teater och målat, samt kunnat delta i aktiviteter efter skolan oberoende av föräldrarnas betalningsförmåga. De har fått möjlighet att närma sig olika föreningar och många har blivit förenings aktiva. Som resursutjämningsystem har FATI fungerat på generell nivå mellan bostadsområdena, områden med lägst socioekonomiska förutsättningar har fått flest projekt. Däremot behöver FATI kompletteras för att fungera resursutjämnande på individnivå. Styrning/organisering, resursfördelning, metodutveckling och utvärdering/uppföljning är komponenter som är förutsättningar för att kommuner ska lyckas med sociala investeringar. Sundsvalls kommun har genom FATI arbetet utvecklat goda rutiner för dessa komponenter.
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| 10. |
- Forsberg, Rebecca, et al.
(author)
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A study of a mass casualty train crash, focusing on the cause of injuries
- 2014
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In: Journal of Transportation Safety & Security. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1943-9962 .- 1943-9970. ; 6:2, s. 152-166
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This case study includes 73 fatally and nonfatally injured passengers from a level-crossing train crash in Nosaby, Sweden, in 2004. The aim was to identify the injury panorama and the injury objects and to determine the injury-inducing variables. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, quantitative content analysis, and multivariate data analysis. The first carriage overturned, and its occupants were the ones who suffered the most severe and lethal injuries. Injury type and injury location for these passengers also differed significantly from the passengers on the other two carriages. Tables significantly influenced injury type and injury location in all carriages, whereas the injured persons’ seating position had significant effect only in the second and third carriage. Those who had travelled facing forward with a table in front of them in Carriages 2 and 3 were more likely to have sustained injuries to their abdomen or pelvis. Other injury-inducing objects were seats, interior structures, wood pellets from the truck, and other passengers. Neck sprains were significantly more prevalent among those who had travelled facing backward. Improved train crashworthiness also needs to include interior safety, which would have a potential to reduce crash injuries.
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