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- Boe, O., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of causal relatedness and uncertainty on integration of outcomes of concurrent decisions
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 2nd Global Conference on Psychology Researches 28-29 November 2014 - University of Barcelona, Spain. - Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Bv. - 1877-0428. ; 190, s. 113-119
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose of Study: An experiment was conducted to investigate whether causally related outcomes of concurrent decisions are more frequently integrated than unrelated outcomes, and whether certain outcomes are more frequently integrated than uncertain outcomes. Method: Sixteen undergraduates in one group chose between buying means-end related and unrelated pairs of everyday consumer products, whereas 16 undergraduates in another group chose between lottery tickets with the consumer products as prizes. Findings and Results: The results indicated that both causal relatedness and uncertainty of outcomes of concurrent decisions affect integration. Conclusions: Means and ends were more often chosen when they were presented in the same sets of two concurrent decisions than when they were presented together with unrelated options or singly. The observed differences were smaller when choices were made between uncertain outcomes. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
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| 2. |
- Boe, O., et al.
(författare)
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Failures to integrate causally related outcomes of concurrent decisions
- 2015
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 190(May). - Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Bv. - 1877-0428.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Problem statement: Sometimes concurrent decisions are not integrated. Purpose of study: An experiment was conducted to investigate whether causally related options of concurrent decisions are not evaluated and therefore not chosen although their combinations are more attractive than single options. In two concurrent decisions participants chose between buying means-end related and unrelated pairs of everyday consumer products. Method: Sixteen undergraduates in one group were sometimes forced to choose the end (or the means), whereas 16 undergraduates in another group were always free to choose the end and means. Findings and results: In the forced choices, participants chose the means or ends presumably because they attended to the additional benefits. Conclusions: However, when free to make both choices participants only chose the ends and means 22% of the time. 28% of the choices were made of only an end or a means, and 50% of the choices were made of two unrelated options. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 3. |
- Boe, O., et al.
(författare)
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Loss sensitivity and integration of outcomes of concurrent risky decisions
- 2015
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Ingår i: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences Procedia, 190(May). - Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Bv. - 1877-0428.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Problem statement: Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that the loss-sensitivity principle extends to integration of the outcomes of two concurrent risky decisions. Purpose of Study: According to this principle, only expected loss outcomes of concurrent decisions would be integrated. Method: A total of 96 undergraduates participated in two experiments. Findings and Results: The results of Experiment 1 showed consistent with the loss sensitivity principle that a prior outcome was integrated with the expected loss outcome of a current decision. However, there was no evidence for integration of the expected loss outcomes of two concurrent decisions. A possible explanation implying that outcomes are ignored if they have not yet occurred was followed up in Experiment 2 where participants were offered bonuses to increase their sensitivity either to gains or losses. An effect of bonus was observed but again there was no evidence for integration of the outcomes of concurrent decisions. Conclusion: Although confirmed in several previous experiments when choices were made between mixed bets with both gain and loss outcomes, whether the loss-sensitivity principle extends to integration of prior outcomes when choices are made between losses or between gains was also questioned by the results.
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| 7. |
- Nana, A, et al.
(författare)
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High-dose inhaled budesonide may substitute for oral therapy after an acute asthma attack
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of Asthma. - 0277-0903. ; 35:8, s. 647-655
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients attending the emergency room with acute asthma, participating in a study comparing salbutamol (albuterol in the United States) via a dry powder inhaler (Turbuhaler) with pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI), were included in this 1-week follow-up study with the aim of assessing whether inhaled budesonide via Turbuhaler may be an alternative to prednisolone tablets after an acute asthma attack. Eighty-one patients with a mean age of 38 years and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) of 64% predicted normal value after treatment with salbutamol were randomized in this double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group study. The doses given were budesonide 1600 microg b.i.d. or prednisolone in daily doses from 40 mg (day 1) decreased to 5 mg (day 7). FEV1 was recorded before and after the 7-day treatments and peak expiratory flow (PEF) morning and evening, clinical symptoms (visual analogue scale 0-100), and doses of rescue medication (terbutaline Turbuhaler 0.25 mg/dose) were recorded daily. The mean increase in FEV1 from baseline to day 7 was 17.3% in the budesonide Turbuhaler group and 17.6% in the prednisolone group. Mean values of morning PEF increased from day 1 to day 7 by 67 L/min in the budesonide Turbuhaler group and by 57 L/min in the prednisolone group (not significant). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in clinical symptoms and in the number of doses of rescue medication. Because of disease deterioration, five patients in the Turbuhaler group and three in the prednisolone group needed additional symptomatic as well as corticosteroid treatment. Inhaled budesonide in high doses may be a substitute for oral therapy as follow-up treatment after an acute asthma attack.
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