| 1. |
- Dulio, Valeria, et al.
(författare)
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The NORMAN Association and the European Partnership for Chemicals Risk Assessment (PARC) : let’s cooperate!
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environmental Sciences Europe. - : Springer. - 2190-4707 .- 2190-4715. ; 32:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Partnership for Chemicals Risk Assessment (PARC) is currently under development as a joint research and innovation programme to strengthen the scientific basis for chemical risk assessment in the EU. The plan is to bring chemical risk assessors and managers together with scientists to accelerate method development and the production of necessary data and knowledge, and to facilitate the transition to next-generation evidence-based risk assessment, a non-toxic environment and the European Green Deal. The NORMAN Network is an independent, well-established and competent network of more than 80 organisations in the field of emerging substances and has enormous potential to contribute to the implementation of the PARC partnership. NORMAN stands ready to provide expert advice to PARC, drawing on its long experience in the development, harmonisation and testing of advanced tools in relation to chemicals of emerging concern and in support of a European Early Warning System to unravel the risks of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and close the gap between research and innovation and regulatory processes. In this commentary we highlight the tools developed by NORMAN that we consider most relevant to supporting the PARC initiative: (i) joint data space and cutting-edge research tools for risk assessment of contaminants of emerging concern; (ii) collaborative European framework to improve data quality and comparability; (iii) advanced data analysis tools for a European early warning system and (iv) support to national and European chemical risk assessment thanks to harnessing, combining and sharing evidence and expertise on CECs. By combining the extensive knowledge and experience of the NORMAN network with the financial and policy-related strengths of the PARC initiative, a large step towards the goal of a non-toxic environment can be taken.
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| 2. |
- Ahnland, Lars, 1974-
(författare)
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Financialization in Swedish Capitalism : Debt, inequality and crisis in Sweden, 1900-2013
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation adresses financialization – the increasing role of financial activities in the overall economy – in Sweden in 1900-2013. The focus is on the long run relationships between private debt, asset markets, inequality and financial crisis during this period. In line with established scholarship, the present study finds that changes in bank debt had a positive impact on the probability of financial crisis in Sweden. Functional income distribution between profits and wages was an underlying factor influencing the formation of bank debt levels through its impact on collateral in stock markets. Expenses related to the Swedish welfare state – the size of the public sector, government investment and housing construction – had a long run relationship with the wage share. The welfare state has been an effective counter-measure not just against a high profit share, but also against financialization. Moreover, the dissertation shows that the recent era of financialization in Swedish capitalism is not unique in kind. Rather, recent financialization is very similar to the macroeconomic situation during the early decades of the 20th Century. These findings are consistent with much of heterodox economic theory, in particular the Neo-Marxist approach.
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| 3. |
- Álvarez, Jorge, et al.
(författare)
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Foreign Trade and Economic Growth in the Nordic Countries, Australasia and the Rio De La Plata Region, 1870–1970
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavia and South America—A Tale of Two Capitalisms. Essays on Comparative Developments in Trade, Industrialisation and Inequality since 1850. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 2662-6497 .- 2662-6500. - 9783031091971 ; , s. 91-126
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter explores the relationship between economic growth and foreign trade in three regions in the period 1870–1970: the Nordic countries, the Rio de la Plata region and Australasia (Australia and New Zealand). Starting out from strikingly different levels of income per capita, the poorest region in 1870, the Nordic countries, had caught up with the richest, Australasia, by 1970, while the Rio de la Plata region had fallen behind drastically. In all these countries foreign trade had a comparably high share of GDP in the late nineteenth century. In the Nordic region this trade share was maintained or even raised in the post-war period, while it declined in the other regions. The growth rate differences between countries are explored using the theoretical framework of Thirlwall’s Law, according to which the growth rate of a country is constrained by its balance of payments and approximately determined by the ratio of the income elasticities of demand for exports and imports times the growth rate of its trading partners. It is shown that Thirlwall’s Law accounts for the bulk of the differences in growth rates between the countries in our regions, but wild swings in the commodity terms of trade also played a role in the less stellar growth performance of Australasia and the Rio de la Plata region.
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| 4. |
- Álvarez, Jorge, et al.
(författare)
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Scandinavia and South America: A Renewed Tradition of Comparative Studies
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavia and South America—A Tale of Two Capitalisms. Essays on Comparative Developments in Trade, Industrialisation and Inequality since 1850. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 2662-6497 .- 2662-6500. - 9783031091971 ; , s. 25-50
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter reviews the main analytical works and historical interpretations that examine the relative economic performance of Scandinavian and Latin American countries. It discusses the principal contributions and validity of the classical approaches, highlighting their key lessons as part of building a new comparative research agenda on the development patterns of both regions. The development patterns of these countries have been the subject of comparative analyses for several decades. One question that has clearly arisen from these studies is: why did natural resource-abundant regions with similar commercial links to the world economy during the first globalization era, have divergent development paths in the long run? The comparative approaches have sought to explain why the Scandinavian countries converged with the core countries in terms of productive structure, technology and income per capita, while Latin American countries did not overcome their peripheral condition in the world economy. Employing different theoretical approaches, the literature has focused on critical aspects of economic growth and development. This chapter presents these earlier contributions from comparative studies between Scandinavia and Latin America in order to provide some background to the ideas set out in the rest of this book.
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| 5. |
- Álvarez, Jorge, et al.
(författare)
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Trade Specialization, Industrial Growth and Economic Development in the Nordic and the Southern Settler Societies, 1870–1970
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavia and South America—A Tale of Two Capitalisms. Essays on Comparative Developments in Trade, Industrialisation and Inequality since 1850. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 2662-6497 .- 2662-6500. - 9783031091971 ; , s. 51-90
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter discusses some possible explanations for two stylized facts that are linked to each other. The first stylized fact concerns the reversal of fortunes between the Nordic Societies and the Southern Settler Societies from the nineteenth century to today. The second stylized fact relates to structural transformation in a broad sense, measured as the degree of industrialization, the share of manufactured goods in total exports or the changes in the structure of the manufacturing sector in favour of more dynamic branches. The chapter argues that structural transformation cannot be simply equated with growth; it has its own dynamics, and it provides the key to understanding the reversal of fortunes. The challenge to find a coherent explanation is that the factors responsible for structural transformations shifted over time. The chapter reviews the commonly invoked theoretical frameworks offered to explain why structural transformations have differed between these regions, such as the staple theory, the role of distance, contradictory demographic movements, inequality levels and patterns of asset distributions. Each of them offers insights into the underlying mechanisms for specific time-periods, but none of them can singlehandedly explain the different divergence episodes since the late nineteenth century.
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| 6. |
- Backåker, Lars, 1984-
(författare)
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The Influence of Customer Agreements and Planning Principles on Rail Freight Performance
- 2012
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rail freight transportation is recognized worldwide as a suitable transportation mode when it comes to long haul transportation of heavy commodities. The industry is also known to be capital intensive, highly dependent on infrastructural developments and requires thorough planning of operations. Despite intensive planning of operations, great challenges remain in how to make best use of existing resources. Especially uncertainties related to up-coming daily freight volumes stand as central causes behind such planning challenges. This thesis focuses on rail freight carload transportation and concerns how customer commitments influence operational performance as well as potentials for improvements of operational planning principles. Problem statements are addressed using three separate studies and all experiments involve quantitative approaches. The first study investigates effects of a potential Volume Variation Allowance (VVA) policy through simulation. The policy dictates how much freight volumes are allowed to vary by day of week. Results indicate that effects of the policy are relatively small, but an overall decrease in transportation times is observed. The study also identifies improvement potentials with respect to the current operational planning principles used within Swedish railways. The second study proposes a new optimization-based approach for trip plan generation. The approach, including a number of extensions, is evaluated against the current industry practice. Results confirm the potentials for reduced transportation times, shunting activities as well as service frequencies. All experiments satisfy existing customer commitments. The third study explores effects of a Fixed Carload Capacity (FCC) concept which partially allows capacity reservation on services. The study adopts an extension of the previously developed optimization approach. Results confirm the hypothetical trade-off between customer groups and the dependency on capacity reservation levels, but indicate that the concept has relatively small effects with respect to regular carload customers. On the other hand, benefits in terms of guarantee of service and reliability in transportation times can be observed for the customer under the agreement.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bohlin, Jan, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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A market with strings attached: agricultural price movements
- 2011
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Ingår i: Agriculture and forestry in Sweden since 1900. Geographical and historical studies. ed. Hans Antonson & Ulf Jansson; The Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry. Skogs- oct lantbrukshistoriska meddelanden nr 54.. - 1402-0386. ; , s. 123-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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