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| 2. |
- Álvarez, Jorge, et al.
(författare)
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Foreign Trade and Economic Growth in the Nordic Countries, Australasia and the Rio De La Plata Region, 1870–1970
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavia and South America—A Tale of Two Capitalisms. Essays on Comparative Developments in Trade, Industrialisation and Inequality since 1850. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 2662-6497 .- 2662-6500. - 9783031091971 ; , s. 91-126
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter explores the relationship between economic growth and foreign trade in three regions in the period 1870–1970: the Nordic countries, the Rio de la Plata region and Australasia (Australia and New Zealand). Starting out from strikingly different levels of income per capita, the poorest region in 1870, the Nordic countries, had caught up with the richest, Australasia, by 1970, while the Rio de la Plata region had fallen behind drastically. In all these countries foreign trade had a comparably high share of GDP in the late nineteenth century. In the Nordic region this trade share was maintained or even raised in the post-war period, while it declined in the other regions. The growth rate differences between countries are explored using the theoretical framework of Thirlwall’s Law, according to which the growth rate of a country is constrained by its balance of payments and approximately determined by the ratio of the income elasticities of demand for exports and imports times the growth rate of its trading partners. It is shown that Thirlwall’s Law accounts for the bulk of the differences in growth rates between the countries in our regions, but wild swings in the commodity terms of trade also played a role in the less stellar growth performance of Australasia and the Rio de la Plata region.
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| 3. |
- Álvarez, Jorge, et al.
(författare)
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Scandinavia and South America: A Renewed Tradition of Comparative Studies
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavia and South America—A Tale of Two Capitalisms. Essays on Comparative Developments in Trade, Industrialisation and Inequality since 1850. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 2662-6497 .- 2662-6500. - 9783031091971 ; , s. 25-50
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter reviews the main analytical works and historical interpretations that examine the relative economic performance of Scandinavian and Latin American countries. It discusses the principal contributions and validity of the classical approaches, highlighting their key lessons as part of building a new comparative research agenda on the development patterns of both regions. The development patterns of these countries have been the subject of comparative analyses for several decades. One question that has clearly arisen from these studies is: why did natural resource-abundant regions with similar commercial links to the world economy during the first globalization era, have divergent development paths in the long run? The comparative approaches have sought to explain why the Scandinavian countries converged with the core countries in terms of productive structure, technology and income per capita, while Latin American countries did not overcome their peripheral condition in the world economy. Employing different theoretical approaches, the literature has focused on critical aspects of economic growth and development. This chapter presents these earlier contributions from comparative studies between Scandinavia and Latin America in order to provide some background to the ideas set out in the rest of this book.
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| 4. |
- Álvarez, Jorge, et al.
(författare)
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Trade Specialization, Industrial Growth and Economic Development in the Nordic and the Southern Settler Societies, 1870–1970
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavia and South America—A Tale of Two Capitalisms. Essays on Comparative Developments in Trade, Industrialisation and Inequality since 1850. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 2662-6497 .- 2662-6500. - 9783031091971 ; , s. 51-90
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter discusses some possible explanations for two stylized facts that are linked to each other. The first stylized fact concerns the reversal of fortunes between the Nordic Societies and the Southern Settler Societies from the nineteenth century to today. The second stylized fact relates to structural transformation in a broad sense, measured as the degree of industrialization, the share of manufactured goods in total exports or the changes in the structure of the manufacturing sector in favour of more dynamic branches. The chapter argues that structural transformation cannot be simply equated with growth; it has its own dynamics, and it provides the key to understanding the reversal of fortunes. The challenge to find a coherent explanation is that the factors responsible for structural transformations shifted over time. The chapter reviews the commonly invoked theoretical frameworks offered to explain why structural transformations have differed between these regions, such as the staple theory, the role of distance, contradictory demographic movements, inequality levels and patterns of asset distributions. Each of them offers insights into the underlying mechanisms for specific time-periods, but none of them can singlehandedly explain the different divergence episodes since the late nineteenth century.
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| 5. |
- Bohlin, Jan, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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A market with strings attached: agricultural price movements
- 2011
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Ingår i: Agriculture and forestry in Sweden since 1900. Geographical and historical studies. ed. Hans Antonson & Ulf Jansson; The Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry. Skogs- oct lantbrukshistoriska meddelanden nr 54.. - 1402-0386. ; , s. 123-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bohlin, Jan, 1952
(författare)
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Efterskrift
- 2012
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Ingår i: T.R.Malthus, En avhandling om befolkningslagen. - Göteborg : Daidalos. - 9789171733658 ; , s. 177-189
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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