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| 2. |
- Barman, Linda, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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How education policy is made meaningful - a narrative exploration of how teachers show autonomy in the development of teaching and learning
- 2016
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Ingår i: Higher Education Resarch and Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0729-4360 .- 1469-8366. ; 35:6, s. 1111-1124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study addresses how the autonomy of teachers in higher education, in relation to education policy and reform, can be understood. By taking a narrative-in-action approach, we studied health profession teachers' activities and reasoning within their ongoing practice during one year. The findings show how the teachers created their own policies and in what way these policies became meaningful. As teachers in this study continuously made changes, the joint creation of policies contributed to their sense of togetherness and the re-building of a community of practice. In parallel, they increased the evidence-based standards related to their discipline and experienced a shift in perspective concerning teaching and learning. The importance of their jointly made policies can be explained by how they learned a student-learning view together, and built on their own ideas of what educational matters needed to be developed. At the same time, their activities and reasoning mirror a debated but yet prevailing view' on the discourse of quality and a number of ideals thereof such as transparency and standardisation, effective teaching and increased academisation.
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| 3. |
- Barman, Linda, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Outcome based education enacted : teachers' tensions in balancing between student learning and bureaucracy.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Advances in Health Sciences Education. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1382-4996 .- 1573-1677. ; 19:5, s. 629-643
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports on how teachers within health sciences education translate outcome-based education (OBE) into practice when they design courses. The study is an empirical contribution to the debate about outcome- and competency-based approaches in health sciences education. A qualitative method was used to study how teachers from 14 different study programmes designed courses before and after OBE was implemented. Using an interpretative approach, analysis of documents and interviews was carried out. The findings show that teachers enacted OBE either to design for more competency-oriented teaching-learning, or to further detail knowledge and thus move towards reductionism. Teachers mainly understood the outcome-based framework as useful to support students' learning, although the demand for accountability created tension and became a bureaucratic hindrance to design for development of professional competence. The paper shows variations of how teachers enacted the same outcome-based framework for instructional design. These differences can add a richer understanding of how outcome- or competency-based approaches relate to teaching-learning at a course level.
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| 4. |
- Barman, Linda, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Safeguarding fairness in assessments—How teachers develop joint practices
- 2022
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Ingår i: Medical Education. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0308-0110 .- 1365-2923. ; , s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction - In light of reforms demanding increased transparency of student performance assessments, this study offers an in-depth perspective of how teachers develop their assessment practice. Much is known about factors that influence assessments, and different solutions claim to improve the validity and reliability of assessments of students' clinical competency. However, little is known about how teachers go about improving their assessment practices. This study aims to contribute empirical findings about how teachers' assessment practice may change when shared criteria for assessing students' clinical competency are developed and implemented.Methods - Using a narrative-in-action research approach grounded in narrative theory about human sense-making, one group including nine health professions teachers was studied over a period of 1 year. Drawing upon data from observations, interviews, formal documents and written reflections from these teachers, we performed a narrative analysis to reveal how these teachers made sense of experiences associated with the development and implementation of joint grading criteria for assessing students' clinical performances.Results - The findings present a narrative showing how a shared assessment practice took years to develop and was based on the teachers changed approach to scrutiny. The teachers became highly motivated to use grading criteria to ensure fairness in assessments, but more importantly, to fulfil their moral obligation towards patients. The narrative also demonstrates how these teachers reasoned about dilemmas that arose when they applied standardised assessment criteria.Discussion - The narrative analysis shows clearly how teachers' development and application of assessment standards are embedded in local practices. Our findings highlight the importance of teachers' joint discussions on how to interpret criteria applied in formative and summative assessments of students' performances. In particular, teachers' different approaches to assessing ‘pieces of skills’ versus making holistic judgements on students' performances, regardless of whether the grading criteria are clear and well-articulated on paper, should be acknowledged. Understanding the journey that these teachers made gives new perspectives as to how faculty can be supported when assessments of professionalism and clinical competency are developed.
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| 5. |
- Barman, Linda, 1972-
(författare)
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Striving for Autonomy : Health sciences teachers’ enactment of policy
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract This thesis explores how teachers within the health sciences enact education policy. The questions address how teachers’ choices related to the design of courses and curricula are made in the light of reforms that emphasise standardisation and transparency. Employing a hermeneutical framework teachers’ enactment were regarded as a meaning-making process shown through reason and action. In line with the interpretative approach, the two research projects were performed with qualitative methods. The first research project (study I and II) concerned how teachers’ understood and carried out changes in course design related to the implementation of outcome-based education and the European Bologna Process. For that purpose, course material and interview data was analysed. The second research project (study III and IV), was conducted to deepen the understanding of findings from the first project. A group of teachers who conducted major changes related to previous reform was chosen and studied with a narrative approach when they engaged in the development of teaching and learning. In particular, the teachers’ development of assessment criteria of students’ clinical competencies was studied over one year. A body of literature report on how teachers conceptualise teaching and learning. Based on those studies there has been an emphasis on supporting teachers’ shift in views regarding teaching and learning. Related to recent reforms in higher education, it is however suggested that teachers are less free to decide upon educational matters, and hence individual teachers’ deepened understanding are not enough for development of practice to occur. The findings in this thesis suggest that wide interpretations of education policy in combination with pedagogical knowledge may benefit educational development in practice. Teachers were found to approach outcome-based education when introduced as policy in four different ways, with outcome blind, technocratic, pragmatic or ideological approach. These approaches were related to student-centred learning to more or less extent, and to greater or lesser autonomy in the decision-making related to course design. The studies showed how teachers’ experience a tension between bureaucratic demands and what is emphasised through teaching and learning theory. For some teachers this meant that theoretical constructs were applied in instrumental ways and that pedagogy equated the bureaucratic and rational standards involved in quality control. The findings suggest however, that learning and development can be promoted through education policy but that teachers’ local practices should be supported.
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| 6. |
- Benyamine, Isak, 1963-
(författare)
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Konstnärliga undervisningspraktiker : Genealogier, diskurser och makt
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation is about art teaching practices at upper secondary schools with a focus on theatre and at university arts programmes with a focus on film. More specifically, it addresses the factors that have contributed to current teaching practices in art education today and how students and teachers in interaction with each other shape, become part of and identify with the norms and values that emerge through these practices.The overarching question concerns how norms and values emerge as power/knowledge processes in the teaching process. The genealogical study presented examines how art education is constructed at a policy level. The study discusses how, in past eras, investigators, researchers and educators described what students needed to do during their education to develop into professional artists, how teaching practices were designed and justified, and how art was distinct from other activities and forms of knowledge in education. The interaction study presented examines the act of teaching. It discusses how, the participants shape each other and establish norms and values in relation to notions of what art “is” and can be.The conditions of possibilities in art teaching practices has been identified in three discourses. The discourse of conversation governs the format and organisation of the teaching practice. It is assumed that through conversation the students can develop their artistic ability. The discourse of freedom identifies how students submit to the vague, flexible and ever-changing notions of what art signifies. The discourse of production describes how the artistic work in the teaching practice takes precedence over an acquisition of established knowledge.The importance of the participants’ own experiences and feelings, therapeutic conversations, the liberation from conventional education discourses, confession practices and the establishment of a production discourse all emerge as important techniques in art teaching practices. Core values and norms are expressed through these techniques.The study shows that participants in art teaching practices develop the skills of self-evaluation, self-analysis and self-governance. The notion of an individualised, exploratory educational experience clashes with a process that directs the students to align themselves with the shared norms and values of the art world, of its content and expression. Students perceive their artistic output as unique while the art produced can be understood as expression of a normalisation process that strives to maintain the values and norms in art teaching practices. In summery the dissertation shows that the participants’ learning process is of an exploratory nature. Rather than acquiring and assimilating established knowledge, the participants learn by finding their own paths in a knowledge-formation process in which they discover the artistic potential of their own experiences and insights.
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| 7. |
- Bolander Laksov, Klara, 1973-
(författare)
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Academic feedback practice - a scholarly approach
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Feedback is at the centre of academic practice and ever present in our daily work as academics. We give feedback on student work at different levels; on PhD students at their defense of their thesis; of colleagues submitting manuscripts to journals or applications for funding; in the process of employing new academics. However, what we do when we engage in feedback, and how we do it is seldom problematized in public. It is expected of us that we as academic professionals know how to do it, how much, how explicit and what to focus on. Sometimes we have clear criteria for what to put our emphasis on, but often this is never made explicit. In the talk I aim to discuss academic feedback and draw on research on feedback in higher education to present a possible way of approaching feedback from a scholarly perspective.
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| 8. |
- Bolander Laksov, Klara, et al.
(författare)
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Akademiskt lärarskap
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I den här texten introducerar vi idén om akademiskt lärarskap. Akademiskt lärarskap kan bäst beskrivas som ett förhållningssätt där lärare kontinuerligt och systematiskt reflekterar över, utforskar och utvecklar den egna pedagogiska praktiken och dess inverkan på studenters lärande. Vi utforskar de olika dimensioner som bidrar till att forma ramarna för ett fruktbart lärarskap. För det första undersöker vi den individuella dimensionen av akademiskt lärarskap, där den individuella lärarens reflektioner över personliga erfaren-heter av olika undervisningssammanhang är en viktig plattform för utveckling av den egna pedagogiska praktiken och identiteten som professionell lärare i högskolan. För det andra uppmärksammar vi den kollegiala dimensionen av det akademiska lärarskapet, som handlar om hur lärare i högskolan synliggör reflektioner och argument kring den egna pedagogiska praktiken i dialog med kolleger, och för det tredje utforskar vi den institutionella dimensionen av det akademiska lärarskapet. Det handlar då om de institutionella ramar som en avdelning, institution eller lärosäte skapar för att stimulera ett kontinuerligt och systematiskt utforskande av utbildningsverksamheter.
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| 9. |
- Bolander Laksov, Klara, 1973-
(författare)
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Att bedöma pedagogisk skicklighet – är det verkligen så svårt? – en studie av skillnader i bedömningar mellan vetenskapligt och pedagogiskt sakkunniga
- 2018
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Ingår i: Högre Utbildning. - : Cappelen Damm AS - Cappelen Damm Akademisk. - 2000-7558. ; 8:2, s. 55-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pedagogisk skicklighet ska enligt högskoleförordningen ägnas lika stor omsorg som vetenskaplig skicklighet i anställningsförfaranden vid svenska högskolor och universitet. Vilka förutsättningar som finns att visa omsorg om pedagogisk skicklighet och ägna den uppmärksamhet ter sig dock tämligen olika vid lärosätena. I denna fallstudie undersöks skillnader i de sätt på vilket pedagogisk skicklighet kommer till uttryck i utlåtanden från särskilt tillsatta pedagogiskt sakkunniga och vetenskapligt sakkunniga i anställnings- och befordringsärenden vid en fakultet vid ett svenskt lärosäte. Studien visar på flera skillnaderi utlåtandena där de pedagogiskt sakkunniga gör mer omfattande, mer kvalitativa och mer systematiska utlåtanden än de vetenskapligt sakkunniga redovisar. Dessutom diskuteras några återkommande utmaningar som formuleras i sakkunnigutlåtandena, och hur dessa utmaningar hanteras.
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| 10. |
- Bolander Laksov, Klara, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond theoretical courses – A study of Swedish psychiatric residents' collegial learning through conversations in the workplace
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; , s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Collegial conversations are important for sustainable learning to last beyond a course. Research on collegial conversations and peer learning in the workplace during psychiatric residency courses remains sparse, however. In this study, the aim was to explore residents' opportunities for collegial conversations during and after national courses in psychiatry.METHODS: Residents in psychiatry completed an online survey including questions on opportunities for collegial conversations in their workplaces. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis and thematic content analysis was used for the open-ended answers where a theoretical framework of communities of practice was employed for the interpretation of the findings.RESULTS: The survey was completed by 112 residents out of 725 (15,4%). The participants reported few structured forums for collegial discussion. The results of multivariate analysis suggest that more women than men feel it is advantageous to attend courses with others from the same workplace or from the same group of residents, described here as a team. The analysis of qualitative data identified how opportunities for collegial conversations differ across contexts and the type of values that are attached to team participation in residency courses.CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the importance of collegial conversations as a way to sustain the learning from residency courses into the workplace. By learning about residents' perceptions of collegial conversations during and after courses, teachers and directors may be more able to support residents' lifelong learning and professional development.
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