| 1. |
- Andersson, Klara, et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic outcome and access to care in adults with epilepsy in Sweden: A nationwide cohort study.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Seizure. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-2688 .- 1059-1311. ; 74, s. 71-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epilepsy has well-documented associations with low income and low education levels, but the impact of a patient's socioeconomic standing (SES) on the effects of epilepsy have been less studied.We performed a register-based cross-sectional study and asked if SES was associated with more severe epilepsy or limited access to care in Sweden, where health care is universal, and if socioeconomic outcomes (employment and income) differed for persons with epilepsy (PWE) with different levels of educational attainment. The study cohort consisted of all adult patients with an epilepsy diagnosis in the Swedish patient register in 2000-2015 (n = 126,406) and controls (n = 379,131) matched for age, gender, and place of birth.Somatic and psychiatric comorbidities were more common in PWE, while education and income levels were lower. Among PWE, hospitalizations were more common in persons with lower income or education. Having at least one prescription written by a neurologist in the study period was more common in the high-income and high-education groups. Finally, although low educational attainment was associated with low levels of income and inversely associated with employment in both persons with epilepsy and controls, regression analyses demonstrated that these associations were much more noticeable in cases than controls.We conclude that both the severity and consequences of epilepsy are greater in persons of low SES, even in a country with universal health care. This indicates that universal access may not be sufficient to mitigate socioeconomic inequity in epilepsy.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Klara, et al.
(författare)
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Valproic acid and socioeconomic associations in Swedish women with epilepsy 2010-2015
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 143:4, s. 383-388
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective We investigated the correlation between socioeconomic status and the prescription of Valproic acid (VPA) in women of fertile age in Sweden. Methods This is a registered-based cohort study including all women living in Sweden aged 18-45 years in the years 2010-2015, with a diagnosis of epilepsy and no intellectual disability (n = 9143). Data were collected from the National Patient Register, the Drug Prescription Register, and the Longitudinal integration database for health insurance and labor market studies (LISA). Results Women with only 9 years of school were more often prescribed VPA than women with a University degree (12.9% compared to 10.7% in 2015 [p = 0.015]). Similar differences were seen between the lowest and highest income group (16.6% compared to 12.7% in 2015 [p < 0.001]). The odds of having a VPA prescription in 2015 was 1.59 (p < 0.001) in women with 9 years of school compared to women with a University degree, and 1.60 (p < 0.001) in the lowest income group relative to the highest income group after adjusting for age. From 2010 to 2015, the proportion with VPA prescription in the whole cohort diminished with an absolute reduction of -2.2% (p < 0.001). The decrease was similar among the different education and income groups (p = 0.919 and p = 0.280). Significance The results indicate that the increased knowledge on VPA teratogenicity was implemented across socioeconomic strata in the Swedish healthcare system. Women with lower income or education level remained more frequent VPA users. Whether this difference reflects epilepsy type or severity, or socioeconomic disparities, merit further study.
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| 3. |
- Barbieri, Paolo Nicola, et al.
(författare)
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Digitalizing and collecting health data in Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Pharmaceuticals Policy and Law. - 1389-2827. ; 19:3-4, s. 235-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of information technology (IT) in health care has the potential to facilitate care over distance in almost any clinical specialties, reducing time to diagnosis, improve equity of access for patients in remote areas, and improve quality of life and patient satisfaction. In particular, electronic health records (EHRs) offer the possibility of accessing fast and updated patients' information. With the potential of making easier for individuals to be more concern in their own health and care, by increasing contact between individuals and health care providers; but also by providing more efficient support systems for medical staff. In this paper, we present the Swedish current experience and future development in the use of EHRs, in order draw upon such example to apply this methodology for data sharing and collection in other European countries. © 2017 – Network of Centres for Study of Pharmaceutical Law. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bolin, Kristian, et al.
(författare)
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A Dual Approach to the Derivation of Feedback Demand Functions for Capital-Accumulating Agents
- 2024
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An optimal control model of a consumer is developed that accounts for the consumption of many goods and services, the accumulation of wealth, a state variable that affects instantaneous preferences and wealth accumulation, and contains several canonical models as special cases. Formulas are provided for the feedback consumption functions in terms of certain partial derivatives of a consumer’s lifetime indirect utility function, thereby obviating the need to solve the necessary conditions of Pontryagin or the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. The intrinsic qualitative properties of the optimal control model in differential form are derived, and an example of how to implement the results for econometric purposes is provided as well.
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| 7. |
- Bolin, Kristian
(författare)
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An Economic Analysis of Marriage and Divorce
- 1996
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The first chapter develops a theoretical model of marriage and divorce. The model has two periods and assumes Pareto efficient time allocations. There is a risk of divorce in the second period, which is modeled as exogenously given. The second chapter utilizes the model developed in the previous chapter to analyze the equality between married men and women. Equality is defined as the spouses' relative weights in the objective function of the family. The weights are decided by pre-marriage Nash bargaining. One result is that better career opportunities imply that the family objective function puts more weight on that spouse's preferences. The third chapter also makes use of the model developed in the first chapter. In this chapter the divorce rule, i.e., the rule according to which the economic consequences of divorce are governed, is analyzed. The main result is that the presence of children at divorce - something which preserves the connection between the spouses' preferences - affects the optimal divorce rule. In the absence of children it is not optimal to combine a division of joint property with alimony or child support. In the presence of children it might be optimal to have a rule which says that joint property shall be divided between the spouses and that one spouse shall pay spousal support or child support to the other spouse. The fourth chapter relaxes the assumption that all decisions may be subject to binding agreements between the spouses. Taking the time allocations as individually decided we analyze the rationale for spousal support. We find similarities between spousal support that induces efficient marital behavior and what would be given by the theory of breach of contract if divorce is regarded as breach by one party. In the fifth chapter we continue the approach from the previous chapter, but we assume that the husband dominates, i.e., that he has a first mover advantage in the process which settles the time allocations. We argue that comparative advantages do not constitute a comprehensive explanation for the division of market and household labor between the spouses, but that also the timing of decisions is important. The sixth chapter recognizes that the parents' altruism towards their children has effects on the time allocations. Using the same type of model as in the two previous chapters we show that relative parental altruism may be another explanation for the division of the spouses' time between market and non-market activities. The seventh chapter examines the risk of divorce empirically, using Swedish data. The results are rather surprising as they do not unambiguously support what can be regarded as the prevailing theoretical and empirical knowledge regarding marital stability. For example, we conclude that the female earning capacity of women is not destabilizing the marrige. On the contrary our findings seem to point in the opposite direction. As expected we find that children are stabilizing the marriage, which is in Iine with the conventional wisdom. We also examine the effects of the spouses' time allocations and education levels on marital stability. We find that the time which the wife does not allocate to the market is more important for the marital stability than the time which the husband does not allocate to the market. As regards education only the effect of the husband's education seems to be important. The husband's education level is positively related to the stability of marriage. Rather surprisingly we find that pre-marriage cohabitation seems to be destabilizing for marriage.
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| 8. |
- Bolin, Kristian, et al.
(författare)
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Asthma and allergy: the significance of chronic conditions for individual health behaviour.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1398-9995 .- 0105-4538. ; 57:2, s. 115-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In health economics, health is regarded as part of an individual's human capital. As such it depreciates over time, and investments in health are made in order to keep the stock of health capital at the desired level. Using this framework for analysis of health-related behaviour and Swedish panel data, we examined whether the presence of asthma or allergy affects perceived health and investments in health. METHODS: A set of panel data for approximately 3800 individuals interviewed repeatedly in 1980/81, 1988/89, and 1996/97 was created from the Swedish biannual survey of living conditions. Self-assessed health was chosen as the indicator of health capital and the reported number of sick days as the indicator of health investment. The presence of asthma or allergy, age, wage rate, wealth, marital status, number of children, exercise and smoking habits, gender, and geographic location of household were all chosen as explanatory variables. An ordered probit model was estimated for the health equation and a Poisson model for the investment equation. RESULTS: We found that both asthmatics and those who suffer from allergy invested more in their health than the general population. We also found that asthmatics reported significantly lower self-assessed health than the general population, while those who suffered from allergy did not differ significantly from the general population regarding their self-assessed health. CONCLUSION: The human capital approach was found suitable for studying the impact of asthma and allergy on individual health behaviour. Health policy measures, which reduce the individual's costs of investing in his or her health, would improve health levels. Because asthmatics were found less healthy than those suffering from allergy, the potential gains would be larger for patients with asthma than for patients with allergy. The issue of whether this would be a cost-effective policy or not would require a different design and, hence, could not be solved within the present study.
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| 9. |
- Bolin, Kristian, et al.
(författare)
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CAPABILITY, HEALTH, AND THE LABOUR MARKET – THE RETIREMENT DECISION
- 2021
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The time of retirement is analyzed in a theoretical framework taking capability and health into account. Capability if formalized as a stock characteristic which determines the attained amounts of a composite good which yields utility. The model is purposely simple and comprises one choice variable – the time of retirement. The core assumption is that inherited capability influences the rate of evolvement of health, and vice versa, and that the rates of change of the stocks differ between the pre- and post-retirement periods. The optimal retirement timing decision is characterized and the effects of the model’s exogenous variables on this decision are examined. We derive refutable comparative statistics results with respect to the model’s exogenous variables, and, for example, show – for a specified version of the model – how the timing of retirement depends on the inherited amounts of capability and health.
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| 10. |
- Bolin, Kristian, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in the health status of the population
- 2008
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Ingår i: Simulating An Ageing Population. A Microsimulation Approach Applied to Sweden. (Contributions to Economic Analysis). ; , s. 85-114
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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