| 1. |
- Bjerklund Johansen, T. E., et al.
(författare)
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Grey Zones in the Field of Urinary Tract Infections
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Urology Focus. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-4569. ; 2:4, s. 460-462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urinary tract infections are a very common clinical problem with various knowledge gaps requiring urgent attention in areas including pathophysiology, diagnosis, antibiotic resistance, and prophylaxis. These grey zones preclude optimal management of urologic patients.
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| 2. |
- Braissant, Olivier, et al.
(författare)
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Isothermal microcalorimetry accurately detects bacteria, tumorous microtissues, and parasitic worms in a label-free well-plate assay
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biotechnology Journal. - : Wiley. - 1860-6768 .- 1860-7314. ; 10:3, s. 460-468
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Isothermal microcalorimetry is a label-free assay that allows monitoring of enzymatic and metabolic activities. The technique has strengths, but most instruments have a low throughput, which has limited their use for bioassays. Here, an isothermal microcalorimeter, equipped with a vessel holder similar to a 48-well plate, was used. The increased throughput of this microcalorimeter makes it valuable for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Our results show that the sensitivity of the instrument allows the detection of 3 x 10(4) bacteria per vial. Growth of P. mirabilis in Luria Broth medium was detected between 2 and 9 h with decreasing inoculum. The culture released 2.1J with a maximum thermal power of 76 W. The growth rate calculated using calorimetric and spectrophotometric data were 0.60 and 0.57 h(-1), respectively. Additional insight on protease activities of P. mirabilis matching the last peak in heat production could be gathered as well. Growth of tumor microtissues releasing a maximum thermal power of 2.1 W was also monitored and corresponds to a diameter increase of the microtissues from ca. 100 to 428 m. This opens new research avenues in cancer research, diagnostics, and development of new antitumor drugs. For parasitic worms, the technique allows assessment of parasite survival using motor and metabolic activities even with a single worm.
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| 3. |
- Köves, Béla, et al.
(författare)
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Benefits and Harms of Treatment of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis by the European Association of Urology Urological Infection Guidelines Panel
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0302-2838.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- People with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) are often unnecessarily treated with antibiotics risking adverse effects and antimicrobial resistance. We performed a systematic review to determine any benefits and harms of treating ABU in particular patient groups. Relevant databases were searched and eligible trials were assessed for risk-of-bias and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Education quality. Where possible, a meta-analysis of extracted data was performed or a narrative synthesis of the evidence was presented. After screening 3626 articles, 50 studies involving 7088 patients were included. Overall, quality of evidence ranged from very low to low. There was no evidence of benefit for patients with no risk factors, patients with diabetes mellitus, postmenopausal women, elderly institutionalised patients, patients with renal transplants, or patients prior to joint replacement, and treatment was harmful for patients with recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI). Treatment of ABU resulted in a lower risk of postoperative UTI after transurethral resection surgery. In pregnant women, we found evidence that treatment of ABU decreased risk of symptomatic UTI, low birthweight, and preterm delivery. ABU should be treated prior to transurethral resection surgery. In addition, current evidence also suggests that ABU treatment is required in pregnant women, although the results of a recent trial have challenged this view. Patient summary: We reviewed available scientific studies to see if people with bacteria in their urine but without symptoms of urinary tract infection should be treated with antibiotics to eliminate bacteria. For most people, treatment was not beneficial and may be harmful. Antibiotic treatment did appear to benefit women in pregnancy and those about to undergo urological surgery. Treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria is not beneficial in most patient groups. It should be treated only prior to endourological procedures and pregnancy. However, in the latter group, more up-to-date studies are needed to confirm benefit in modern healthcare settings.
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| 4. |
- Köves, Bela, et al.
(författare)
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Transurethral resection of the prostate : Are we following the guidelines? - Outcomes from the Global Prevalence of Infections in Urology (GPIU) study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemotherapy. - 1120-009X. ; 31:1, s. 15-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is one of the most common urological procedures. With the increasing rate of multiresistant infections including urosepsis, it is essential for all surgeons to adhere to the relevant international guidelines to prevent infectious complications. The aim of this prospective, multinational, multicentre study was to evaluate compliance with recommended infection control measures regarding TURP procedures. The study was performed as a side questionnaire to the annual Global Prevalence Study of Infections in Urology (GPIU) between 2006 and 2009. Patients that had undergone TURP were eligible. Baseline data about hospitals and patients were collected. The questionnaire contained questions regarding preoperative microbiological investigations, catheter care and performance of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. A total of 825 men were included from 138 participating centres from Africa, Asia, Europe and South America. Only 50.1% of the patients received perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis with a median duration of 3 days (interquartile range [IQR] = 1–7 days). Preoperative urine culture was taken in 59.2%. The catheter was replaced in 1 week prior to the surgery only in 38.3% of cases. Compliance with the recommended infection control measures regarding TURP were only moderate, despite high grade recommendations in relevant international Guidelines. Stronger guideline adherence is necessary to improve patient care decrease antibiotic consumption in line with antibiotic stewardship in surgical practices.
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