| 1. |
- D H, Fleisher, et al.
(författare)
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Yield Response of an Ensemble of Potato Crop Models to Elevated CO2 in Continental Europe
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Agronomy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1161-0301. ; 126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A multi-model inter-comparison study was conducted to evaluate the performance of ten potato crop models to accurately predict potato yield in response to elevated CO2 (Ce) when calibrated with ambient CO2 data (Ca). Experimental data from seven open-top chambers (OTC) and free-air CO2-enrichment (FACE) facilities across continental Europe were used. Model ensemble percent errors averaged over all datasets for simulated yields were 26.5 % for Ca and 27.2 % Ce data. Metrics such as Wilmott’s index of agreement (IA) and root mean square relative error (RMSRE) ranged broadly among individual models and locations, such that four of the ten models outperformed the median or mean of the ensemble for about half of the Ce datasets. These top performing models were representative of three different model structural groups, including radiation use efficiency, transpiration efficiency, or leaf-level based approaches. Relative response to an increase in CO2 was more accurately modeled than absolute yield responses when averaged across all locations, and within 3.3 kg ppm 1 (or 5%) of observed values. Specific targets in the model structure needed for improvement were not identified due to large and inconsistent variation in the accuracy of yield predictions across locations. However, models with the lowest calibration errors tended to be top performers for Ce predictions as well. Such results suggest calibration is at least as important as model structure. Where possible, modelers using potato models to estimate Ce responses should use Ce calibration data to improve confidence in such predictions.
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| 2. |
- McCartan, S., et al.
(författare)
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European boat design innovation group: The Marine Design Manifesto
- 2014
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Ingår i: RINA, Royal Institution of Naval Architects - Marine Design, Papers. - 9781909024298 ; , s. 1-29
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A manifesto is a published verbal declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of an issue. It accepts a previously published opinion and promotes a new idea with prescriptive notions for carrying out changes that the authors believe should be made. Marine Design is presented as an interdisciplinary holistic approach to boat design, based on the methodologies of Industrial Design, which are informed by both Human Factors and Engineering. The authors as experts in their respective disciplines present the Marine Design Manifesto as a framework for innovation within the marine industry. In every professional field there are definitive texts, this paper provides advocacy for Marine Design, an interdisciplinary approach in its infancy. The authors review key Industrial Design manifestos in the context of Marine Design. They then present a contextualised Marine Design manifesto. © 2014: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects.
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| 3. |
- Toreti, A, et al.
(författare)
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Narrowing uncertainties in the effects of elevated CO2 on crops
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Food. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-1355. ; 1, s. 775-782
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant responses to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, together with projected variations in temperature and precipitation will determine future agricultural production. Estimates of the impacts of climate change on agriculture provide essential information to design effective adaptation strategies, and develop sustainable food systems. Here, we review the current experimental evidence and crop models on the effects of elevated CO2 concentrations. Recent concerted efforts have narrowed the uncertainties in CO2-induced crop responses so that climate change impact simulations omitting CO2 can now be eliminated. To address remaining knowledge gaps and uncertainties in estimating the effects of elevated CO2 and climate change on crops, future research should expand experiments on more crop species under a wider range of growing conditions, improve the representation of responses to climate extremes in crop models, and simulate additional crop physiological processes related to nutritional quality.
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