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- Borén, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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GreenCharge : demotest i fält med elbuss
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- GreenCharge Sydost är en sammanslutning av regionförbund, kommuner, landsting och företag medett övergripande syfte att främja införandet av elfordon i främst sydöstra Sverige. Blekinge TekniskaHögskola är huvudman för projektet med ansvar för att driva forskningen, och Miljöfordon Syd attdriva den operativa projektledningen avseende demonstrationer och samverkan med intressenter.Under 2013 gjorde forskningen inom GreenCharge en beräkningsstudie som påvisade att elbussar urett livscykelperspektiv har mycket mindre utsläpp än dagens dieselbussar och totalkostnaden skullekunna bli 25 % lägre över en 8-års period i Karlskrona på linje 1 och 7, 21 % i Jönköping på linje 1och 3, samt 17 % i Sundsvall på linje 2 och 4. Detta gäller under antagande att bussen drivs med nygrön el, att realränteökningen blir 1 % per år samt att energi-pristrender sedan 10 år tillbaka fortsättergälla framöver.. Beräkningsstudien antog också efter simuleringar utifrån befintliga linjer och aktuellavärden från busstillverkare en energianvändning på 1,04 kWh/km för eldrift.
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- Boren, T., et al.
(författare)
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Sweden's LSS and Social Integration : An Exploration of the Relationship between Personal Assistant Type, Activities, and Participation for Children with PIMD
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities. - : Wiley. - 1741-1122 .- 1741-1130. ; 13:1, s. 50-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish personal assistance system, facilitated through Swedish legislation (known as the LSS), allows children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) to receive subsidized personal assistance. This assistance may be either a hired professional from outside the family or a parent paid as a personal assistant. The type of personal assistant can impact activity selection. As noted by bio-ecological systems theory, participation in "systems" beyond the household is important for a child's cognitive and social development, including the development of children with disabilities. The authors explored whether children's personal assistant type (i.e., external or parental) is related to their presence in socially integrative activities (SIAs) versus non-socially integrative activities (NSIAs). The relationship between children's activity engagement and their personal assistant type was examined via a descriptive, comparative study based on a questionnaire. Sixty families answered, providing quantitative data about personal assistance type across 56 common family activities. Children's external assistants showed a greater presence in SIAs than children's parental assistants, who showed a greater presence in NSIAs. The level of activity engagement between personal assistant type, however, had a less direct relationship. In accordance with bio-ecological systems theory, activity selection can influence the child's cognitive and social development. Ultimately, this study suggests that external assistants partake in more SIAs than parental assistants, likely as a function of providing respite for families. This respite stems from the LSS's implicit role for external personal assistants to also serve as relief for parents. In turn, by facilitating exposure to broader systems, these external assistants can play a critical role in children's social and cognitive development.
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- Fridén, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a low-carbohydrate high polyunsaturated fat diet or a healthy Nordic diet versus usual care on liver fat content and cardiometabolic risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: a randomized controlled trial (NAFLDiet)
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Previous trials have shown that plant-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in place of saturated fat reduces liver fat, a prerequisite for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The effect on liver fat from a novel “anti-lipogenic diet” replacing carbohydrates with PUFA or a healthy Nordic diet (HND) higher in whole-grains but lower in saturated fat has not yet been examined. Objectives: To investigate the effects on changes in liver fat (primary outcome) and other cardiometabolic risk factors after 12 months of follow-up in individuals with prediabetes or T2D from three different diet comparisons: a low carbohydrate high PUFA (LCPUFA) diet versus a HND, a LCPUFA diet versus usual care (UC) and a HND versus UC. Methods: A three-arm parallel ad libitum randomized trial was conducted. Adult men and women (n=148) were randomized to one of the three diet groups. Participants in all groups received key food items on a monthly/bimonthly basis. Liver fat and cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed at baseline and after 12 months. Dietary adherence was assessed using weighed food diaries and objective biomarkers. General linear models were employed to estimate the intention-to-treat (ITT) effect. Results: Dietary adherence was high for all diet groups. Liver fat was reduced to a similar extent in the LCPUFA and the HND group compared to UC (-1.46% (95% CI: -2.42, -0.51)) and -1.76 % (95% CI: -2.96, -0.57), respectively. No difference in liver fat between LCPUFA and HND was observed. Body weight and HbA1c decreased more in the HND compared to the other diet groups whereas no differences were observed between LCPUFA and UC. Similar reductions in LDL-cholesterol were observed for the HND and the LCPUFA group compared to UC, but only the HND reduced triglycerides and C-reactive protein (CRP) compared with UC. No differences were observed for any other secondary outcomes.Conclusions: A LCPUFA diet and a HND both reduced liver fat as compared with UC. Given the sustained weight loss after the HND compared to the other groups, together with improvements in other cardiometabolic markers, the HND in particular seems to be useful for the treatment of T2D and NAFLD.
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- Kultima, Kim, et al.
(författare)
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Biomarkers of disease and post-mortem changes : Heat stabilization, a necessary tool for measurement of protein regulation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Proteomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1874-3919 .- 1876-7737. ; 75:1, s. 145-159
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review focuses on post sampling changes and how the Stabilizor system has been used to control this natural biological process and potential implications on cancer-specific biomarkers due to post sampling changes. Tissue sampling is a major traumatic event that can have drastic effects within a very short timeframe at the molecular level [1] resulting in loss of sample quality due to post-mortem changes. A heat-stabilization technology, using the Stabilizor system, has been developed to quickly and permanently abolish the enzymatic activity that causes these changes post-sampling and so preserve sample quality. The Stabilizor system has been shown to give better sample quality when analyzing a variety of tissues in various proteomic workflows. In this paper we discuss the impact of using heat-stabilized tissue in different proteomic applications. Based on our observations regarding the overlap between commonly changing proteins and proteins found to change post-mortem we also highlight a group of proteins of particular interest in cancer studies.
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- Pettersson, Camilla, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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LDL-associated apolipoprotein J and lysozyme are associated with atherogenic properties of LDL found in type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of internal medicine. - : Wiley. - 1365-2796 .- 0954-6820. ; 269:3, s. 306-321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Exchangeable low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-associated proteins can affect the atherogenic properties of LDL. Our aim was to analyze the protein composition of LDL from individuals with or without type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome (T2DM) in relation to other LDL-particle characteristics, to assess whether certain proteins associate more with certain subclasses of LDL typical for T2DM, such as small, apoCIII-rich LDL. Design LDL from two cohorts of 61-year-old men (n = 19 and 64) with or without T2DM was isolated using size-exclusion chromatography or deuterium oxide-based ultracentrifugation. LDL-associated proteins were identified using mass spectrometry and quantified using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Differently expressed LDL-associated proteins apolipoprotein (apo)J and lysozyme were also measured in serum from a third cohort of women (n = 71) with or without T2DM. Lysozyme binding to advanced glycation end product (AGE)-LDL was examined in vitro. Results ApoJ and lysozyme were increased in LDL particles with increased apoCIII content and decreased cholesterol content. When isolated with SEC, LDL from individuals with T2DM contained more apoJ and lysozyme and less apoA1 than LDL from control individuals. LDL content of apoJ correlated with a smaller LDL-particle size. Serum levels of lysozyme, but not apoJ, were increased in individuals with T2DM. In vitro, lysozyme associated more with AGE-LDL than with unmodified LDL. Conclusions Our results indicate that apoJ and lysozyme are increased in LDL with characteristics of small dense LDL in T2DM. Small dense LDL is easily glycated, and the increased affinity of lysozyme for AGE-LDL provides a possible partial explanation for an increase of lysozyme from those with type 2 diabetes.
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- Rosqvist, Fredrik, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Overeating saturated fat promotes fatty liver and ceramides compared to polyunsaturated fat : a randomized trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : Oxford University Press. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 104:12, s. 6207-6219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Saturated fat (SFA) versus polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) may promote non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by yet unclear mechanisms.OBJECTIVE: To investigate if overeating SFA- and PUFA-enriched diets lead to differential liver fat accumulation in overweight and obese humans.DESIGN: Double-blind randomized trial (LIPOGAIN-2). Overfeeding SFA vs PUFA for 8 weeks, followed by 4 weeks of caloric restriction.SETTING: General community.Participants: n=61 overweight or obese men and women.INTERVENTION: Muffins high in either palm (SFA)- or sunflower oil (PUFA) were added to the habitual diet.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Lean tissue mass (not reported here). Secondary and exploratory outcomes included liver and ectopic fat depots.RESULTS: By design, body weight gain was similar in SFA (2.31±1.38 kg) and PUFA (2.01±1.90 kg) groups, P=0.50. SFA markedly induced liver fat content (50% relative increase) along with liver enzymes and atherogenic serum lipids. In contrast, despite similar weight gain, PUFA did not increase liver fat or liver enzymes or cause any adverse effects on blood lipids. SFA had no differential effect on the accumulation of visceral fat, pancreas fat or total body fat compared with PUFA. SFA consistently increased, while PUFA reduced circulating ceramides; changes that were moderately associated with liver fat changes and proposed markers of hepatic lipogenesis. The adverse metabolic effects of SFA were reversed by calorie restriction.CONCLUSIONS: Saturated fat markedly induces liver fat and serum ceramides whereas dietary polyunsaturated fat prevent liver fat accumulation, reduce ceramides and hyperlipidemia during excess energy intake and weight gain in overweight individuals.
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