| 1. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
-
Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
-
Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Borg, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
-
Obesity is associated with pain and impaired mobility despite therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Medicine. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-858X. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether abnormal BMI is associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) impairments, defined as patient-reported problems within the different dimensions of the three-level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-3L), before and after treatment for active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a post-hoc analysis of data from two phase III clinical trials of belimumab in SLE, i.e., BLISS-52 (n = 865) and BLISS-76 (n = 819). Underweight was defined as BMI <18.5 kg/m2, normal weight as BMI ≥18.5 but <25 kg/m2, pre-obesity as BMI ≥25 but <30 kg/m2, and obesity as BMI ≥30 kg/m2. We investigated associations between BMI groups and problems (level 2 or 3) within each one of the five EQ-5D dimensions before treatment initiation and at week 52, using logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, ethnicity, disease activity, and glucocorticoid dose, and for the post-treatment analysis also for belimumab treatment and baseline EQ-5D-3L responses.RESULTS: Of 1,684 patients included, 73 (4%) were classified as underweight, 850 (50%) as normal weight, 438 (26%) as pre-obese, and 323 (19%) as obese. At baseline, obesity was associated with mild to severe problems in all EQ-5D dimensions (p < 0.05 for all), yielding the strongest association with problems in mobility (adjusted odds ratio, aOR: 2.1; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.6-2.8; p < 0.001). Pre-obesity was also associated with problems in mobility (aOR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1-1.8; p = 0.005). Post-intervention, obesity was associated with problems in mobility and pain/discomfort, and pre-obesity with problems in mobility and self-care (p < 0.05 for all).CONCLUSION: Our study adds to the evidence that high BMI negatively affects SLE patients' HRQoL, with obesity being associated with pain and impaired mobility despite therapy.
|
|
| 6. |
- Borg, Erik A., 1961-, et al.
(författare)
-
Enterprises in the suburbs and the locality of entrepreneurship
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Great regional awakening. - 9781897721605
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Suburbs represent an essential subject for regional studies and have a rapidly increasing economic significance within wider metropolitan regions (Phelps 2010). It is necessary to create inclusive suburbs with a stronger identity. The current growth of populations in major cities requires an ability to reorganize existing cities and a massive restructuring of urban infrastructure (Modarres and Kirby 2010). The interpretation of the needs of suburbs have previously called for a transdisciplinary and collaborative strategy (Després et al. 2004). We look at entrepreneurship and different types of 21 businesses as a source of vitalization of suburbs. These ventures are studied in the context of the diversity of the population of suburb. Entrepreneurial investments, the establishment of high impact enterprises as well as networking among local and migrant businesses represent elements that can vitalize previously marginalized suburbs. Enterprises that are clustered in suburban neighborhoods reflect the different impacts of suburban and city spatial forms. Newly arrived citizens draw upon the critical mass of ethnic members to form a niche market for ethnic business (Fong et al. 2007). Minorities may have limited access to financial capital in the larger urban economy, but ethnic enclaves may provide a source of a unique competitive advantage (Cummings 1999). Entrepreneurship rooted in a suburban surrounding represent a specific opportunity to become embedded in an economic and spatial dimension. The migrant may be seen as representing a diversity capital which penetrate specific market conditions located in ethnically diverse neighborhoods situated in the suburbs of major cities. The spatial and entrepreneurial dimension of ethnic business can thereby be given a relevant context for interpretation.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Borg, Malin, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of gate length in InAs/AlSb HEMTs biased for low power or high gain
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Solid-State Electronics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-1101. ; 52:5, s. 775-781
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of gate-length variation on DC and RF performance of InAs/AlSb HEMTs, biased for low DC power consumption or high gain, is reported. Simultaneously fabricated devices, with gate lengths between 225 nm and 335 nm, have been compared. DC measurements revealed higher output conductance gds and slightly increased impact ionization with reduced gate length. When reducing the gate length from 335 nm to 225 nm, the DC power consumption was reduced by approximately 80% at an fT of 120 GHz. Furthermore, a 225 nm gate-length HEMT biased for high gain exhibited an extrinsic fT of 165 GHz and an extrinsic fmax of 115 GHz, at a DC power consumption of 100 mW/mm. When biased for low DC power consumption of 20 mW/mm the same HEMT exhibited an extrinsic fT and fmax of 120 GHz and 110 GHz, respectively.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Borg, Malin, 1978
(författare)
-
Scaling of InGaAs/InAlAs and InAs/AlSb HEMTs for microwave/mm-wave applications
- 2007
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The InGaAs/InAlAs high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) offers the highest maximum frequency of oscillation fmax and the lowest noise performance (NFmin) for microwave/mm-wave receivers. Similar to other device technologies, the performance of the InGaAs/InAlAs HEMT has gradually been improved by device scaling. However, the reduction of gate length in relation to the epitaxial Schottky and channel layers presents large challenges in device optimization. More experimental data is needed to learn about the scaling behaviour of HEMTs to further improve analogue speed and noise performance.This thesis deals with studies of device scaling for two different HEMT structures intended for microwave/mm-wave applications, the traditional pseudomorphic InGaAs/InAlAs and the emerging metamorphic InAs/AlSb.For the InGaAs/InAlAs HEMT, scaling of the gate-to-channel distance d at a fixed gate length of 120 nm has been studied. The optimum d was found to be sufficiently small to ensure good control of the charges in the channel and sufficiently large to suppress extensive gate leakage. An optimized InGaAs/InAlAs HEMT exhibited a maximum fmax of 400 GHz when biased for maximum high-frequency performance at VDS = 1.5 V.For the InAs/AlSb HEMT, scaling of the gate length was studied in the interval 225-335 nm. A decrease in gate length had a larger impact on the cut-off frequency fT than on fmax. This was explained by an increase in gds with reduced gate length, bringing down fmax. A 225 nm gate-length HEMT exhibited a maximum fmax and fT of 115 GHz and 165 GHz, respectively. With a reduction of the DC power consumption by 80% the InAs/AlSb HEMT exhibited an fmax of 110 GHz and fT of 120 GHz. This showed the InAs/AlSb HEMTs potential for low-power microwave/mm-wave applications.
|
|
