| 1. |
- Alexandrov, Ludmil B., et al.
(författare)
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Signatures of mutational processes in human cancer
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 500:7463, s. 415-421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- All cancers are caused by somatic mutations; however, understanding of the biological processes generating these mutations is limited. The catalogue of somatic mutations from a cancer genome bears the signatures of the mutational processes that have been operative. Here we analysed 4,938,362 mutations from 7,042 cancers and extracted more than 20 distinct mutational signatures. Some are present in many cancer types, notably a signature attributed to the APOBEC family of cytidine deaminases, whereas others are confined to a single cancer class. Certain signatures are associated with age of the patient at cancer diagnosis, known mutagenic exposures or defects in DNA maintenance, but many are of cryptic origin. In addition to these genome-wide mutational signatures, hypermutation localized to small genomic regions, 'kataegis', is found in many cancer types. The results reveal the diversity of mutational processes underlying the development of cancer, with potential implications for understanding of cancer aetiology, prevention and therapy.
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| 2. |
- Borg, Marit, et al.
(författare)
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The role of work in recovery from bipolar disorders
- 2013
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Ingår i: Qualitative Social Work. - : SAGE Publications. - 1473-3250 .- 1741-3117. ; 12:3, s. 323-339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being in recovery from bipolar disorder involves work-related concerns. The specific aims of this study are to: 1) understand the role of work in recovery from bipolar disorders, and 2) understand how people with such disorders deal with work-related challenges. These topics are examined from the stance of the recovery process, in which work-related activities were explored. Semi-structured, qualitative interviews were conducted with persons who had experienced recovery from bipolar disorder. Analysis was performed through thematic and phenomenological analysis, with hermeneutic phenomenology and reflexive methodology as a framework. The findings are presented through the following themes: 1) many types of work - finding meaning and a focus; 2) helpful roles and contexts - to be much more than a person with an illness; 3) making work possible - the role of supportive relationships and supportive medications, and 4) the costs of working too much - finding a meaningful and healthy balance.
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| 3. |
- Christensen, Marit, et al.
(författare)
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Building engagement and healthy organisations : Validation of the Nordic Questionnaire on Positive Organisational Psychology (N-POP). The Third Report from the Nordic Project
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main aim of the project was to investigate the predictors of positive work-related states and attitudes, e.g. work engagement, meaning at work and personal growth, and healthy organisations. A questionnaire on these positive factors at work were pilot-tested through a data collection in chosen companies in Norway and Sweden. The results of these studies were used as a base for a preliminary validation of the Nordic Questionnaire on Positive Organisational Psychology (N-POP) published in this report. It is concluded that the N-POP constitutes a reliable and valid instrument. The concluding summary suggests that the concepts of work environment, health and productivity do indeed seem able to flow together to reach an optimal point at which well-being at the individual level is coexistent with efficient and productive work organisations.
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| 4. |
- Davidson, Larry, et al.
(författare)
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Using qualitative research to inform mental health policy
- 2008
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Ingår i: Canadian journal of psychiatry. - 0706-7437. ; 53:3, s. 137-144
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article offers examples of the ways in which qualitative methods have informed, and may inform, mental health policy in Canada and beyond. Three initial uses of these methods are identified: to generate hypotheses to be tested by other means; to explore the subjective experiences and everyday lives of people with mental illnesses; and to investigate processes of recovery and the active role of the individual in recovery. Given the recent focus in mental health policy in Canada, the United States, and around the world on transforming mental health systems to promote recovery and the emphasis recovery places on the individual's own first-hand perspective, we argue that qualitative methods will become increasingly useful as psychiatry shifts away from symptom reduction to enabling people to live satisfying, hopeful, and meaningful lives in the community.
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| 5. |
- Kotera, Yasuhiro, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-cultural insights from two global mental health studies: self-enhancement and ingroup biases
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Ingår i: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. - 1557-1882.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This commentary highlights two cross-cultural issues identified from our global mental health (GMH) research, RECOLLECT (Recovery Colleges Characterisation and Testing) 2: self-enhancement and ingroup biases. Self-enhancement is a tendency to maintain and express unrealistically positive self-views. Ingroup biases are differences in one’s evaluation of others belonging to the same social group. These biases are discussed in the context of GMH research using self-report measures across cultures. GMH, a field evolving since its Lancet series introduction in 2007, aims to advance mental health equity and human rights. Despite a 16.5-fold increase in annual GMH studies from 2007 to 2016, cross-cultural understanding remains underdeveloped. We discuss the impact of individualism versus collectivism on self-enhancement and ingroup biases. GMH research using concepts, outcomes, and methods aligned with individualism may give advantages to people and services oriented to individualism. GMH research needs to address these biases arising from cross-cultural differences to achieve its aim.
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| 6. |
- Lien, Tonje G., et al.
(författare)
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Sample preparation approach influences pam50 risk of recurrence score in early breast cancer
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6694. ; 13:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PAM50 gene expression subtypes and the associated risk of recurrence (ROR) score are used to predict the risk of recurrence and the benefits of adjuvant therapy in early-stage breast cancer. The Prosigna assay includes the PAM50 subtypes along with their clinicopathological fea-tures, and is approved for treatment recommendations for adjuvant hormonal therapy and chemotherapy in hormone-receptor-positive early breast cancer. The Prosigna test utilizes RNA extracted from macrodissected tumor cells obtained from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections. However, RNA extracted from fresh-frozen (FF) bulk tissue without macrodissection is widely used for research purposes, and yields high-quality RNA for downstream analyses. To in-vestigate the impact of the sample preparation approach on ROR scores, we analyzed 94 breast carcinomas included in an observational study that had available gene expression data from macro-dissected FFPE tissue and FF bulk tumor tissue, along with the clinically approved Prosigna scores for the node-negative, hormone-receptor-positive, HER2-negative cases (n = 54). ROR scores were calculated in R; the resulting two sets of scores from FFPE and FF samples were compared, and treatment recommendations were evaluated. Overall, ROR scores calculated based on the macro-dissected FFPE tissue were consistent with the Prosigna scores. However, analyses from bulk tissue yielded a higher proportion of cases classified as normal-like; these were samples with relatively low tumor cellularity, leading to lower ROR scores. When comparing ROR scores (low, intermedi-ate, and high), discordant cases between the two preparation approaches were revealed among the luminal tumors; the recommended treatment would have changed in a minority of cases.
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| 7. |
- Ness, Ottar, et al.
(författare)
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Negotiating partnerships : parents' experiences of collaboration in community mental health and substance use services
- 2016
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Ingår i: Advances in Dual Diagnosis. - 1757-0972 .- 2042-8324. ; 9:4, s. 130-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - The importance of collaboration in the mental health field is a well established theoretical principle, but there has so far been less attention to its practical implications from a parents' perspective. The purpose of this paper is to describe parents' experiences of collaboration with mental health practitioners. Design/methodology/approach - This was a qualitative study based on thematic analysis of multi-stage focus group discussions with ten parents of young adults with co-occurring mental health and substance use problems. Findings - The authors identified three major themes related to family member's experiences of collaborative practices: negotiating partnerships, incomprehensible services and being the young adult's advocate. Research limitations/implications - A potential limitation of this study is that the parents who agreed to take part in this study were all part of the population who really want to be involved in their relative's care; other family members who did not take part may have different feelings. It would be interesting to interview the siblings and partners of young adults with mental health and substance abuse problems. A last limitation is that only family parents participated in these focus group discussions; it would be interesting to invite service users and practitioners to elicit information about similarities and differences in their experiences of collaborative practices. Practical implications - This study emphasises that parents should be seen as unique individuals as well as families. Parents are persons in different contexts. This creates different needs in their collaboration with the professionals. Parents want to be invited to contribute with their experiences and knowledge, being a collaborative partner in the service provision, and not a burden for their young adults, or to the professionals. Social implications - This study emphasises that it may be important to understand the complex situations of each family parent, supporting their loved ones and at the same time living lives of their own. Families are in demanding and stressful situations often over many years. They want to be invited to contribute with their experiences and knowledge, being a collaborative partner in the service provision, and not a burden for their young adults, or to the professionals. Originality/value - The importance of collaboration is well established in in the mental health field. However, there has been less attention to what collaboration with parents might involve in practice. This paper describes the collaborative experiences of parents of young adults (18-28 years) with co-occurring mental health and substance use problems.
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| 8. |
- Topor, Alain, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Not just an individual journey : Social aspects of recovery
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Social Psychiatry. - 0020-7640 .- 1741-2854. ; 57:1, s. 90-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Recent literature on recovery describes the process as deeply personal and unique to each individual. While there are aspects of recovery that are unique to each individual, this article argues that focusing solely on these overlooks the fact that recovery unfolds within a social and interpersonal context. Materials: Drawing from qualitative data, this article describes aspects of recovery that involve the contributions of others, the social environment and society. Discussion: These aspects of recovery include relationships, adequate material conditions and responsive services and supports. Conclusion: The authors consider the implications of these social factors for transforming psychiatric research and theory as well as for recovery-orientated practice
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