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- Bergman, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Safety and efficacy of the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in five groups of immunocompromised patients and healthy controls in a prospective open-label clinical trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-3964. ; 74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patients with immunocompromised disorders have mainly been excluded from clinical trials of vaccination against COVID-19. Thus, the aim of this prospective clinical trial was to investigate safety and efficacy of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in five selected groups of immunocompromised patients and healthy controls.Methods: 539 study subjects (449 patients and 90 controls) were included. The patients had either primary (n=90), or secondary immunodeficiency disorders due to human immunodeficiency virus infection (n=90), allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation/CAR T cell therapy (n=90), solid organ transplantation (SOT) (n=89), or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (n=90). The primary endpoint was seroconversion rate two weeks after the second dose. The secondary endpoints were safety and documented SARS-CoV-2 infection.Findings: Adverse events were generally mild, but one case of fatal suspected unexpected serious adverse reaction occurred. 72.2% of the immunocompromised patients seroconverted compared to 100% of the controls (p=0.004). Lowest seroconversion rates were found in the SOT (43.4%) and CLL (63.3%) patient groups with observed negative impact of treatment with mycophenolate mofetil and ibrutinib, respectively.Interpretation: The results showed that the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine was safe in immunocompromised patients. Rate of seroconversion was substantially lower than in healthy controls, with a wide range of rates and antibody titres among predefined patient groups and subgroups. This clinical trial highlights the need for additional vaccine doses in certain immunocompromised patient groups to improve immunity.
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- Bergström, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Klimatförändringar och biologisk mångfald : Slutsatser från IPCC och IPBES i ett svenskt perspektiv.
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- De stora miljö- och samhällsproblemen kommer inte ensamma. De är sammankopplade på olika sätt. Detta innebär utmaningar men ger också möjligheter att utveckla åtgärder och lösningar. Det gäller både för klimatfrågan och frågan om att motverka förlusten av biologisk mångfald och ekosystem. Kunskapens betydelse för att hantera dessa och andra aspekter är ovärderlig, såväl kring specifika frågeställningar som kring omständigheter och förutsättningar för åtgärdsarbetet.Den här kunskapssammanställningen har gjorts av forskare från Lunds universitet och Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket och SMHI. Forskarna har tagit avstamp i de omfattande kunskapsutvärderingar som gjorts av den mellanstatliga klimatpanelen (IPCC) och den mellanstatliga plattformen för biologisk mångfald (IPBES). Slutsatserna från IPCC och IPBES sätts i ett svenskt perspektiv, bland annat genom utvalda exempel vilka fungerar som aktuella illustrationer av hur klimatförändringar påverkar biologisk mångfald och ekosystem i Sverige.
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- Borgström, Karin, 1951-
(författare)
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Ansvar och vägval : blivande och erfarna socialpedagogers föreställningar om ungdomar med sociala problem
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The topic of this study is representations of young people judged as having social problems. More specifically, it is about representations held by social pedagogues in training and at work. A total of 19 people have been interviewed. Also, a study of the daily press contributes to an understanding of extant representations. The articles have been selected from two Swedish newspapers, Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet. Given that the study is focused on representations in the sense of formations of meaning and configurations of experience, a qualitative approach was implied. Through analyses and interpretations of news articles and interviews, it was possible to identify some more profound representations of youth with social problems. There are indications that these conceptions can be looked upon as social representations. Sometimes one can distinguish certain relations to ideas from previous epochs. Partly inspired by the work of others, I term these social representations: the young as an object for rescue, the unspoiled child, the dynamic adolescent, the injured young person and the evil young person. The representation of the evil young person was only observable in a few cases in the newspaper study. All terms should be looked upon as images and not as descriptions of living people. Also, these representations should not be seen as exclusive categories into which individuals can be sorted. The prospective social pedagogues in different stages of their education as well as the professionals showed interesting variations regarding their views on youth with social problems. The concept socially shared perspective has proven to be fruitful for understanding these variations, which can be understood in relation to three prerequisites. The first concerns the accessibility of a repertoire of representations for the prospective as well as professional social pedagogues during different stages of their education and professional life. The second prerequisite deals with their personal experiences achieved during practice and work. The third prerequisite concerns specific problems they have encountered during the various stages.
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- Borgström, Karin Margaretha, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of different methods for in-situ determination of heat losses from district heating pipes
- 1996
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the IEA Network Supervision project a special method, the Tx-factor method, is investigated. Several other methods exist for in-situ heat loss determination from district heating (DH) pipes. These methods have advantages and disadvantages compared to the Tx-factor method. It is the purpose of this work to make a comparison of the methods on a particular DH pipe. This makes this investigation special as in most previous work only one or very few methods have been applied on the same DH pipe. The purpose of this work was thus to go out to the site and make measurements of the heat loss from the DH pipe at this particular time of the year - an estimate of annual heat losses could then to be made afterwards. The aim of this work being to develop methods for practical applications not very sophisticated tools were used at the experimental site. This means that although very advanced equipment could have been used for determining the centre line and the depth of the DH pipe only measurement sticks, water levels and strings were used. For the same reasons the temperature sensors were installed by using measurement sticks
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- Borgström, Karin Margaretha, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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A method for using thermistors to measure thermal conductivity
- 1996
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report presents some measurements for determining thermal conductivity in different materials, using a single thermistor. This thermal conductivity measurement technique is appropriate for materials like fine-grained soils, gel-like materials such as silicon grease, and insulation materials. To verify the usefulness of this method, additional measurements are needed for several materials with well-known thermal conductivities, especially solid materials with thermal conductivity in the range of 0.5-2.5 W/m C.
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- Borgström, Karin Margaretha, 1956-
(författare)
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Determination of the thermal conductivity of the insulation in district heating mains : Field measurements
- 1994
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis concerns the development of a measurement method for determination in the field of the thermal conductivity of the insulation in buried district heating mains. The thermal conductivity of the insulation is calculated from the measured value of the radial heat flow through the heating main, the measured temperature difference across the insulation, and the dimensions of the heating main. The heat flow has been measured with a heat flux sensor which was fitted to the surface of the casing. The temperature has been measured with copper/constantan thermocouples. It is a necessary condition for the method used in the project for determination of the thermal conductivity of the heating main insulation that the heating main is uncovered and is not in contact with the surrounding soil over a distance of about 1.5 m and that the measurements are made directly on the heating main. In this way, no account need be taken of the material surrounding the heating main, nor of the effect of this material on the measurements. No interference is needed with the heating main which would affect the distribution of the district heating water, and the heating main can remain in operation during measurements. Shielding insulation consisting of preformed insulation sections which were placed over the casing of the heating main and covered the heat flux sensor and some of the casing. The function of this insulation was to shield the heat flux sensor from external thermal disturbances. In the field measurements, a copper guard plate of 0.5 mm thickness, the temperature of which could be adjusted, was also placed over the shielding insulation in order to maintain the temperature on the heat flux sensor as constant as possible. When temperature and heat flow are measured, the instruments used will be affected by conditions which prevail at the time of measurement. It is therefore very important to analyse the sources of error which may arise in the measuring situation at hand. The effect of these factors on the measured values has been studied by ' laboratory measurements ' theoretical calculations ' field measurements On the basis of the resulting values of heat flows and temperatures obtained in field measurements on plastic heating mains which were operating under normal conditions, the thermal conductivity of the insulation of the main has been estimated. The method has been tested on plastic heating mains with directly foamed insulation, since this is the most common type of heating main both in the existing district heating network and in new construction. The measuring method can also be used on other circular heating mains.
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| 9. |
- Borgström, Karin Margaretha, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Distribution of heat use in Sweden
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current heat use refers normally to the average heat use in a country or a sector during the course of a year. But it is also important to be aware of the distribution of high to low use when estimating the potential for reducing total heat use.Energy statistical data published in the annual report from Statistics Sweden have been supplemented by a deeper analysis of distribution of heat use and systematic causes regarding high heat use.The aim of this paper is to explain the variation in heat use with respect to construction year, degree days and energy efficiency measures.In the Swedish energy efficiency debate, many voices refer to systematic causes for high heat use. However, the results from this study do not support this opinion, since the use distribution mostly comes from individual causes. The most important implication of the study results is that systematic policy measures will have a low impact on the total national energy efficiency.
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